100/005b : IBIBAZO FPR YATEJE MU BUREZI & UKO ABARYANKUNA BABONA BYAKEMUKA

yateguwe ni ITSINDA RY’UBUREZI N’UBUSHAKASHATSI

• BARINGA Y’ IKORANABUHANGA MU MASHURI

Muri 2007, Perezida Paul Kagame yatangije gahunda ya mudasobwa imwe ku mwana , mu rwego rwo gutangiza amasomo y’ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri no kurishishikariza abanyarwanda. Iyo gahunda yagombaga gutangwamo mudasobwa ibihumbi 500 ku bana batandukanye biga mu mashuri abanza mu Rwanda.

Iyo gahunda baringa yaranzwe n’ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi. Kubeshya abanyarwanda n’amahanga, na ruswa.

Amahanga yabeshywe ko buri mwana w’umunyarwanda yigana laptop. Aha ukaba wakwibaza ukuntu buri mwana w’umunyarwanda yigana laptop kandi ibice birenga icya kabiri cy’abanyarwa nta muriro w’amashanyarazi bagira. Wakwigira ku gatadowa ugatunga laptop?

Ikindi cyaranze iyo gahunda ni ruswa. Aho abayobozi babyitwaje maze bakajya kubeshya ngo baragurira abana b’urwanda laptop bikarangira bamariye imisoro y’abanyarwanda mu bifu. Ministre Mutsindashyaka wari muri iyi gahunda yujuje amagorofa n’ama villas mu mugi wa Kigali arenze kure umushahara we n’ubushobozi bw’inguzanyo yashoboraga guhabwa ba Banki.

Nguko uko agatsiko kitwikiriye Gahunda y’ikoranabuhanga mu burezi kabeshya abanyarwanda n’amahanga, karira abana b’u Rwanda kubamara, bo bataha bimyiza imoso.

• IMPINDUKA ZA HATO NA HATO Z’ABAYOBOZI

Ministeri y’Uburezi mu Rwanda n’imwe muri Ministeri zigaragaramo ibibazo byinshi no guhinduranya abayobozi bayo ariko ibibazo bikanga bikagumaho. Ministeri y’uburezi igaragaramo ibibazo by’uruhererekane n’impinduka za hato na hato kuko buri muyobozi uje azana ibye umusimbuye akabikuraho nawe akazana ibye. Mu minsi ishize abagize inteko ishinga amategeko banenze kuba Ministeri y’uburezi ihora mu mavugurura ariko ibibazo bigakomeza. Icyo gihe hari ku itariki ya 1 ukuboza 2017, bamwe mu badepite, bavuze ko impinduka zikunze gukorwa muri iyi ministeri zitera ingaruka ku ireme ry’uburezi mu Rwanda rikunzwe kunengwa na benshi. Ngo ibi byose bituma iri reme ry’uburezi rigenda ritakaza umwimerere waryo. Nyamara ibyo banengaga ni gahunda y’igihe kirekire ya FPR imaze imyaka irenga 20, igamije gutura hasi uburezi bw’abana b’u Rwanda.

 Kuva muri 1995, Ministeri y’uburezi imaze kuyoborwa n’abaminisitiri bagera muri cumi na batanu (15) kugeza ubu. Buri muyobozi waciye muri iyi Ministeri afite ibyo yibukirwaho na benshi kubera impinduka yagiye azana muri uru rwego haba mu mashuri abanza, ayisumbuye ndetse na za Kaminuza. Jenocide ikirangira Mineduc yitwaga Mineprisec (Ministere de l’Enseignement Primaire et Secondaire). Bwa mbere ya yobowe na Pierre Celestin Rwigema wize imicunngire( Management) asimburwa na Dr. Nsengimana Joseph wize ubuvanganzo ( Literature), nawe asimburwa na Dr. Ngirabanzi Laurien wize ubuhinzi n’ubworozi(Agronomy), Col. Dr. Joseph Karemera wasimbuye Dr.Ngirabanzi akayobora iyi Ministere  kugera 1999 yize ubuvuzi (Medecine) Kuva 1999 kugeza 2001; Emmanuel Mudidi wize Imibare (Mathematics) yahawe kuyobora iyi Ministere, akorerwa mu ingata na Prof. Romain Murenzi wize ubugenge(Physics) ageza muri 2006. Dr. Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc wize ubutabire (Chemistry ) yatangiye kuyiyobora kuva 2006 kugeza muri 2008, asimburwa na Dr. Gahakwa Daphrose wize ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (Agronomy) ayisigira Dr. Charle Muligande wize imibare (Mathematics) kuva muri 2009 kugeza mumwaka wa 2011.  Kuwa 07 Ukwakira 2011 Dr. Pierre Damien Habumuremyi wize ibijyanye n’ubuyobozi (Administration) yahawe izi nshingano kugeza muri Nyakanga 2014, asimburwa na Dr. Vincent Biruta wize ubuvuzi nawe azagusimburwa na Prof. Silas Lwakabamba  wize mechanical engerineering muri 2014 kugeza 2015. Dr. Papias Musafiri malimba wize ibijyanye icungamari yatangiye ikivi muri 2015 yakirwa na Dr.Eugene Mutimurwa kuwa 06 ukuboza 2017.

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Dr.Eugene Mutimura yasimbuwe na Dr.Uwamariya Valentine wize ibijyanye n’ubutabire (Chemistry).  Muri aba uko ari 15 bigaragara ko ari intiti mu bumenyi butandukanye. Si ukuvuga ko badashoboye gukorana n’abakozi b’iyo Minisiteri ngo bategura gahunda ihamye y’uburezi bubereye u Rwanda. Nyamara abo bose bahisemo kuba abambari b’ingoma bazi neza ko nta kindi igamije uretse kuguma ku butegetsi ku gufu ubuziraherezo kabone n’iyo yaca ijosi uburezi bw’umwana w’u Rwanda. 

• IYICWA NKANA RYA KAMINUZA NKURU Y’U RWANDA

Kaminuza y’u Rwanda yari yaragerageje kwisuganya yaciwe intege na gahunda rwihishwa ya FPR hagamije ko itaba igicumbi cy’intiti zishobora gutekereza no gutekerereza igihugu. Ni muri urwo rwego habaye impinduka zihoraho kuva mu myaka ya 2000 kugeza uyu munsi zitarangira. Ni muri urwo rwego kandi amafaranga agenerwa abanyeshuri azwi ku izina rya Bourse yagabanyijwe ndetse akenshi ntaboneke. Ni muri urwo rwego amafaranga y’imenyerezwamwuga yakuweho maze abanyeshuri bakarangiza Kaminuza nta kintu bazi. Ni muri urwo rwego kandi havangavanzwe bikomeye Kaminuza zose zishyirwa mu kiswe Kaminuza imwe y’ U Rwanda. Umugi wa Butare wahoze ukurikira Kigali uhinduka amatongo, Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ihinduka ishuri riteye impuhwe. Mu myaka icumi gusa FPR yari imaze kugera ku musaruro wayo kuko abanyeshuri basohokaga muri Kaminuza batazi kwandika amabaruwa asaba akazi.

III. IBIBAZO FPR YATEJE MU BUREZI & UKO ABARYANKUNA BABONA BYAKEMUKA

• Politike y’uburezi mu Rwanda ntinononsoye neza, irahuzagurika, iha amahirwe yo kwiga abayarwanda bamwe bitewe ni imitegekere yi igihugu iri ku gacuri, idindiza abanyarwanda
  • Gushyiraho Politike y’uburezi ihamye ishingiye kumpinduramatwara ya gacanzigo aho buri moko y’abanyuarwanda ndetse ni ibyiciro by’ubushobozi barimo bose bisangamo. Iyo politike y’uburezi igomba :
  • Kuba itoza abarerwa gusangira ibyiza by’igihugu udashingiye kuri munyangire ngo abana bagire ibice bibatanya mumashuri.
  • Kuba irimo integanyagisho (curriculum) inonosoye neza isubiza ibibazo igihugu gifite, contents zirasa ku intego z’ibyo igihugu ndetse ni isi bikeneye  mu gihe tugezemo.
  • Amashyirahamwe ni imiryango y’abanyeshuri ashingiye ku ubwoko bumwe cyangwa ku amateka yihariye yavaho hakigishwa amateka y’igihugu uko yabaye nta kuyobya uburari hakwimikwa uburezi nyabwo.

• Gusubiza inyuma ubumenyi(Science) kandi ariyo yuzuzanya n’amasomo y’ubumenyi-ngiro.
  • Gusubiza agaciro science kandi ntizisigane n’amasomo y’ ubumenyingiro kuko byose biruzuzanya mukugera ku iterambere ry’igihugu.
  • Laboratoire  na pratique zigahabwa umwanya uhagije ntihagire ibikoresho na chemicals biborera muri laboratoire kandi hari andi amashuri atabifite.

• Itekinika mu ikoranabuhanga  ICT mu uburezi : Habanje  one Laptop per child computers (laptop ziribwa, zibwa na abambari ba FPR birangira gutyo ibigo bitarenga icumi aba aribyo bizihawe). Nyuma haza izitwa positive aho ababyeyi batanze amafaranga araribwa  kandi ababyeyi batazihawe kandi laptops batazihawe  nubwo izi positivo zari fake zitajyanye ni igihe kandi zipfa ubusa ariko umushinga wagiye nka nyomberi -Ibigo byinshi nta computers

• Gushyiraho gahunda ihamye y’ikoranabuhanga mu burezi.
• Kurwanya ruswa mu nzego zose z’uburezi cyane cyane izirebana n’ikorabuhanga

• Abanyeshuri barangiza ibyiciro barimo ntabumenyi buhagije bakuyemo cyane mu indimi z’ amahanga ndetse nibindi bize cyane cyane mu mashuri ya Leta.
• Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutoza abana kuvuga indimi za amahanga hatirengagijwe ikinyarwanda nkuko bimwe mu bigo byigenga usanga abana barangiza batazi kuvuga indimi zose kandi bigatangirwa mu mashuri abanza (primary) babitozwa.
• Gufasha abanyeshuri guhitamo ibyo biga bashoboye kwiga.

• Idindira rikabije ry’ireme ry’uburezi riterwa ahanini :
  • Ihindagurika rya politike y’uburezi
  • Ubucucike bw’abanyeshuri mu ishuri.
  • Bikorwaremeze usanga hari aho bitaragera cyane cyane amazi n’amashanyarazi.
  • Ubushobozi bwa mwarimu buri hasi cyane ugereranyije nibyo akeneye bya buri munsi.
  • Icyenewabo mugutanga akazi mu uburezi kagahabwa abadashoboye n’abakorera mu mugambi wa FPR wo kudindiza uburezi.
  • Kugirwa intore kungufu bityo ukigisha bitakurimo.
    • Gushyiraho politike y’burezi idahindagurika buri kanya.
    • Kongera imfashanyisho kandi kikabonekera igihe.
    • Kongera ibyumba by’amashuri hagabanywa ubucucike mu mashuri ariko bijyana n’ireme ry’amasomo
    • Kugeza bikorwaremeze cyane cyane amazi n’amashanyarazi aho bitari.
    • Guha agaciro Mwarimu
    • Gutanga akazi bishingiye ku ubushobozi.
    • Kugarurira ihumure abarezi b’u Rwanda kuko bahungabanyijwe bagirwa intore.
• Uburezi burangwamo icyuho :
  • Hagati ya amashuri abanza ya leta ndetse nayigenga (cyane cyane aho niho icyuho kigaragara). Hagaragara icyuho gikabije mu mashuri yiswe 9 & 12 years basic education aho ubona aya mashuri asa nkaho yahariwe rubanda rugufi bityo ntiyitabweho nk’ayandi
    • Uburezi bumwe mu mashuri yose yaba abanza nayisumbuye aho abanyeshuri bose bafatwa nk’ abana b’u Rwanda batezweho kuzagirira akamaro umuryango nyarwanda ni igihugu cyabo muri rusange.
    • Gushyiraho uburezi bufite ireme kuri bose.
    • Gusaranganya « Bourses » ku bana bose nta vangura
    • Gushyira ireme ry’uburezi ku munzani umwe hashingiwe ku ntenganyanyigisho rusange mu gihugu nta busumbane ubwo ari bwo bwose.
• Uburezi budashingiye ku mitsindire y’umunyeshuri :
  • Mu rwego rwo kwangiza uburezi, FPR yashyizeho ibyo kwimura buri mwana hatitawe ku manota yagize. Ubushobozi bw’umwana ntiburebwaho na mwarimu kuko yambuwe ubwo bubasha. Ibi bituma abana benshi barangiza amashuri nta cyo bazi.
    • Gushyiraho uburezi bushingiye ku bushobozi bw’abanyeshuri.
    • Gufasha abatatsinze amasomo asanzwe kwiga ibyabagirira akamaro
    • Gukuraho ibya « Promotion Automatique »

• Icyenewabo mu itangwa rya scholaship haba kwiga mu Rwanda no mumahanga ridasobanutse
  • Kurandurana n’imizi imiyoborere ya FPR ishingiye kukudindiza abo ishaka ikanazamura abo ishaka.
  • Gushyiraho gahunda ihamye itabogamye y’itangwa rya scholarship
  •  Kuvanaho burundu iyi miyoborere imeze nkiya mpatse ibihugu

• Itangwa rya scholarship n’allowance zifasha abanyeshuri bishingiye ku ibyiciro by’ubudehe
  • Gukuraho kwishyurira abanyeshuri (scholarship) na allowance (amafaranga atunga abanyeshuri) bishingiye ku ubudehe.

• Allowances support kubanyeshuri bishyurirwa kaminuza ya leta idahagije.
  • Kongerera allowances support abanyeshyuri biga muri kaminuza

• Kwikuraho inshingano zo kwishyurira abanyeshuri ba Kaminuza no kubaha amafaranga abatunga  bijyanwa muri BPR Bank
  • Gusubizaho uburyo buhamye bwo kugumana inshingano nkaleta kuko uburezi ni ikintu kigize inking ya mwamba mu gupfa no gukira by’igihugu, amabanki, abaterankunga, n’abandi bakaba abafatanyabikorwa cyangwa hakabaho ikurikiranwa rikomeye mu mikoranire ya hafi cyane

• Kudaha agaciro abanyabwenge bafite impamyabushobozi z’ikirenga ndetse n’abashakashatsi mu Rwanda ahubwo bagaha agaciro n’imishahara  minini abanyamahanga : Ibi nabyo biri mu bi idindiza ireme ry’uburezi mu Rwanda aho uko tutabaha agaciro nabo nk’abigisha muri za Kaminuza  bakora batishimiye umwuga wabo.
  • Kugarurira abarimu n’abashakashatsi muri za kaminuza zaba iza leta ni izigenga agaciro hashyirwaho :
  • Imikoranire myiza na Ministere ni izindi nzego za leta mukuborohereza mukugaragaza ubushakashatsi bakora n’ibyo bigisha.
  •     Imishahara igendanye n’ubumenyi bwabo kandi igendanye n’igihe tugezemo

• Itekinika mu itangwa ry’amasoko ya leta mu gutegura za curriculum ndetse ni ibitabo byigishirizwamo. Ibi byagize ingaruka ikomeye cyane ku ireme kuko Curriculum mbi yangiza ireme ryose ry’uburezi. Aha twatanga urugero rw’Ibitabo biza bifite amakosa menshi kuko uwahawe isoko  akingirwa ikibaba na FPR.
  • Gutanga amasoko binyuze mu mucyo, kandi hakabaho gukurikirana kw’inzego zose bireba mu ukugenzura niba ibitabo bisohotse bifite ubuziranenge
• Impinduka zihoraho mu myigishirize y’amasomo y’ ubumenyi ngiro mu mashuri makuru polytechnique
  • Gushyiraho Politiki ihamye idahindagurika yo kwigisha ubumenyingiro mu gihugu.
  • Gushyiraho gahunda yo gukorana, kuzuzanya no gufashanya hagati y’uburezi bwa VTC, TSS na polytechnique.
  • Gusubizaho ikizamini cya leta mu mashuri yu ubumenyi ngiro kuko aribwo ukora evaluation of performance  i.e  ikizamini cya theory na pratique bigasubiraho.
  • Kwigana ubushishozi curriculum ya TSS, VTC na polytechnique.

ITSINDA RY’UBUREZI N’UBUSHAKASHATSI

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