Yanditswe na Mutimukeye Constance
Ku i tariki ya 11 ugushyingo 2020, Tidjane Thiam uzwi ku isi nkumwe mu birabura bashoboye kugirirwa ikizere ngo ayobore ikigo gikomeye iburayi, aho yayoboye Banki yitwa Credit Suisse imyaka itanu yose, yagizwe umuyobozi w’ikigo gishya cyo mu Rwanda kitwa Rwanda Finance Limited.
Uyu mugabo w’impuguke ukomoka mu gihugu cya Cote d’Ivoire yasezeye ku buyobozi bwa banki ikomeye mu gihugu cy’Ubusuwisi nyuma yo kunanizwa n’abakunda amafuti n’itekinika bongeyeho n’ivanguramoko rishingiye ku ruhu bari bafite ijambo rikomeye muri iyo banki. Agatsiko kamuteye imboni ubwo yatangaga umusanzu we mu itsinda ryari ryashyizweho ngo rifashe umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubukungu mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya covid-19. Usibye kuba agomba no kujya ahembwa akayabo yaba azashobora gukorana n’agatsiko gakoresha itekinika kakirirwa karatira isi imva isize ingwa inyuma?
Agiye kuyobora ikigo ki ?
Rwanda Finance Limited ni ikigo cya Leta gishya gifite inshingano zo guteza imbere ndetse no kumenyekanisha ikindi kigo kitwa “Kigali International Financial Centre” (KIFC). Iki kigo ni nk’ impanga ya RDB (Rwanda Development Board) ifite inshingano zo gushishikariza abanyemari gushora imari yabo mu Rwanda aho KIFC yo ifite inshingano zo kuba ikigo ku rwego rw’isi zo gushishikariza abanyemari kuyishora ku nyungu z’u Rwanda cyangwa z’Afurika no guhimba akazi k’inzobere mu bukungu nabwo ku nyungu z’u Rwanda niza Afurica. Kugira ngo byumvikane neza, abanyemari bo mu bihugu byinshi bazajya baza kugura serivisi zo gushora imari mu Rwanda, icyo kigo kizajya kibafasha gushora imari haba hanze cyangwa mu Rwanda. U Rwanda n’Afurica bungukire muri serivisi n’imifuragiro aribyo bita komisiyo. Bamwe mubanyamigabane ba KIFC ni abanyafurika.
Tidjane Thiam ageze mu Rwanda ate ?
Tidjane Thiam yeguye muri Banki Credit Suisse mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare z’uyu mwaka. Nyuma yaho yakoreye ikigo cyo mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa kitwa Kering mu gihe cy’amezi abiri. Uyu muntu uzwi nk’inzobere mu bukungu kandi ukunda Afurica yinjiye mu itsinda ryo gushakira igisubizo ubukungu bw’umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’ Afurica mu gihe cya Covid-19. Muri iryo tsinda yakoranye na Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Trevor Manuel na Donald Kaberuka. Ni muri urwo rwego yafatanyije na Paul Kagame kuyobora itsinda ry’akazi ryo gukumira icyorezo Covid-19 ku ku itariki ya 05 Kamena 2020. Aha birakekwa ko aribwo Abayobozi b’u rwanda batangiye kumurambagiza.
Uyu Tidjane yahoze ari minisitiri w’igenamigambi mu gihugu avukamo cya Cote d’Ivoire hashize imyaka 20. Nyuma yo gukorera umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’ Afurica yongeye gusubira muri politiki y’igihugu cye aho yagiye kuruhande rw’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu matora aherutse . Ayo matora yarangiye Alassane Ouattara atsindiye manda ya gatatu. Uyu Tidjane Thiam azwi nk’umuntu uzi ubwenge buri hejuru y’ubwa benshi kuko mu myaka 58 y’amavuko gusa amaze kugera kuri byinshi, hakiyongeraho ko afite n’ impamyabumenyi ya enjinyora X yavanye mu ishuri ryo mu Bufaransa ryigwamo n’ ibihangange ariryo polytechnique de l’Ecole des mines de Paris.
Akazi yakoze muri Banki Credit Suisse
Tidjane Thiam yatangiye kuyobora Banki Credit Suisse mu mwaka wa 2015 yashoboye kugorora ubukungu bw’iyo banki n’ubwo mu myaka ya mbere ingaruka z’ingamba yafashe hakiyongeraho n’ingaruka zahuriranye n’ingamba mbi zabamubanjirije, imibare y’inyungu za Banki yari munsi ya zeru. Ariko guhera mu mwaka wa 2018 imibare yasubiye iburyo aho banki yongeye kunguka. Ingamba yafashe ntizanejeje abayobozi bamwe kubera guhagarika ibikorwa bimwe cyane cyane ibyo gushora imari mu bintu bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi kuri Banki cyangwa se bikaba byasebya izina ryayo.
Ikinyamakuru Nytimes.com dukesha inkuru icukumbuye kuri Tidjane Thiam gihamya ko ukwegura kwe kwaturutse ku buhezanguni bushingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu ryamukorewe. “Ukuvanwaho kwe kwavuzweho birenga imipaka ya Zurich. Kwabaye amezi menshi mbere yuko abantu bibonera ko ivanguramoko rishingiye ku ruhu ribaho mu nkorane(system) kure cyane ya Wall Street. [Aha barakomoza kuri Black Lives Matter movement yerekanye uko abirabura batotezwa mu bihugu by’abazungu]. Ibiganiro twagiranye n’abantu cumi n’umwe bakoranye bya hafi na bwana Thiam muri Credit Suisse ndetse n’abandi bantu batanu bamuzi bya hafi, abakiriya, abantu bo mu muryango we n’abashoramari bavuze ko ibara ry’uruhu rye ari ikintu kiganje cyane muri mandat ye, rikaba ryarakoreshejwe mu gushyiraho umwuka watumye yegura mu buryo butunguranye.” Icyo kinyamakuru gikomeza kivuga ko mu Busuwisi Tidjane Thiam abantu batigeze babona ko yari mu mwanya we byaturuka ku ivanguraruhu, urwangano cyangwa mu kutihanganirana.
Imbarutso yiyirukanwa rye
a)Kutumvikana na Khan
Muri mutarama 2019, umuyobozi w’ishami rya banki ricunga iby’umutungo bwana Khan yaguze inzu yegeranye niya Tidjane Thiam. Thiam nawe yahise atera ibiti kugirango Khan atazajya amubonera murugo. Mu kwezi kwa mutarama 2019, Thiam yari yakoresheje umunsi mukuru iwe atumira umuturanyi we ndetse n’uwo bakoranaga ariwe Khan. Khan ahagezeyo atongana n’umugore wa Thiam kuri icyo kibazo cy’ibiti. Havugwa ko aba bagabo bombi biherereye bakaganira bakagaruka bwana Khan agahita ataha mu buryo butunguranye. Abo bayobozi bombi babitse ibanga ryibyo bavuganye ariko muri 2019 Khan yasezeye muri banki ya Credit Suisse ajya gukorera UBS ihanganye ku isoko na Credit Suisse, ibyo biteza ikibazo.
b)Ubutasi
Mu kwezi kwa nzeli, Khan n’umugore we bagiye kurya muri restaurant, babona ko hari umuntu ubagendaho. Khan yahise aparika imodoka ajya kureba uwo muntu amubaza ibibazo bigeza ubwo havuyemo amahane yavuyemo no kurwana. Yasanze yari umutasi w’ikigo Suisse Investigo. Khan yahise ajya kurega, amaperereza atangira harimo n’irya Banki Credit Suisse.
Icyamenyekanye ni uko Pierre-Olivier Bouée, umuyobozi wa kabiri wa banki, yemeye ko ariwe watumye ubwo butasi kubera yakekaga ko Khan yazaga gutwara abakozi ba Banki kugira ngo bahabwe akazi ahandi. Iperereza ryerekanye ko Thiam ari umwere ariko kubera uwari umwungirije Pierre-Olivier Bouée bari barakoranye mu kigo babanjirijemo nyuma akamukurikira muri Credit Suisse, izina rya Thiam ryarahanduriye.
Icyo kibazo cy’ubutasi ku bakozi cyateye ikibazo gikomeye mu Busuwisi cyane cyane cyanduza ishusho ya Banki ubundi yari isanzwe ari ishema ry’igihugu. Umwe mu bantu wari wagize uruhare mu guha kontra ikigo cyakoze ubutasi byarangiye yiyahuye. Byarangiye kandi umuyobozi w’akanama kayobora Banki, bwana Rohner, asabye imbabazi kumugaragaro umuryango wa Khan n’abaturage bo mu Busuwisi.
Uretse umuryango wa Khan, basanze n’abandi bakozi ba Banki nabo barakorewe ubutasi. Ingaruka zibyo nuko bwana Rohner yahise atangira gushakisha uzasimbura bwana Thiam binasohoka mu itangazamakuru.
Bwana Thiam yashyigikiwe na batatu mu banyamigabane bakomeye harimo abanyamerika babiri n’umwongereza umwe, ariko uwo mubare ntiwari uhagije, n’uko ku itariki ya 07 Gashyantare 2020 Bwana Thiam yatangaje ko yeguye.
Bwana Thiam nk’umuyobozi nshingabikorwa bya Banki yari ahagarariye inzego zose kandi akaba ariwe ubazwa ikintu cyose cyabaye muri Banki. Kuba umwungiriye yarakoze ibintu abimuhishe harimo ikibazo, ariko se yagombaga koko kwirukanywa ?
Mu gusubiza icyo kibazo, ikinyamakuru Nytimes.com cyerekanye ko ku rwego yari ariho hari abandi bayobozi bakoze amakosa nkaye cyangwa ayaruta ariko ntibirukanwe.
Urugero ni Jamie Dimon, umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa bya banki JPMorgan, utarashoboye kugenzura umukozi we umwe wahombeje Banki amafaranga arenga miliyali esheshatu za madolari, Banki ikanacibwa ihazabu rigera kuri miliyali ya madolari, bikarangira atirukanywe.
Vuba aha iyo Banki yongeye gutanga ihazabu ryenda kugera kuri miliyali ya madolari nyuma y’uko bimenyekanye ko batekinitse ikiguzi cy’amabuye y’agaciro. Bwana Dimon aracyayoboye banki JP Morgan.
Ibyo birashimangira ko Bwana Thiam yazize ibara ry’uruhu rwe.
Bwana Thiam ati “ndi uwo ndiwe”
Mbere yo kugenda Bwana Thiam yatangaje ibyo yagezeho. Umunyamakuru yatangiye kumubaza ikibazo avuga ko strategie ya bwana Thiam yari nziza, ariko ko uburyo bwe butanogeye benshi, amubaza niba byari kugenda ukundi mu bwongereza cyangwa mu kindi gihugu. Bwana Thiam yamusubije atararangiza ikibazo ke agira ati : “Ndi uwo ndiwe, nkuko navukanye ukuboko kw’iburyo sinshobora guhindura ko ari ko nkoresha. Niba abantu badakunda abakoresha ukuboko kw’iburyo ubwo ni kibazo. Icyo nicyo navuga kuko sinshobora guhindura uko nkoresha akaboko k’iburyo”.
Umuntu yarangiza yibaza niba Bwana Thiam, igihangange mu bihangange, bigaragara ko atihanganira amafuti, ko akunda umucyo no kugendera ku murongo mwiza, niba igihe azamenya iby’agatsiko ka FPR, ibya matekinika, niba azihanganira gukomeza gukorera mu Rwanda.
Ubundi ni ikintu kiza ko umuntu uri mu rwego rwe akorera u Rwanda, Abanyarwanda twese twagombye kubyishimira ariko nk’abantu tuzi ukuri kw’agatsiko ikibabaje ni uko ishusho ye ishobora kuzandurira mu Rwanda.
Ubundi Bwana Thiam yaherukaga guhembwa umushahara wenda kugera kuri miliyali 11,6 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, mu gihe bizwi ko kugira ngo umuntu yemere akazi gashya abanza kureba ko umushahara azahembwa uri mu kigero cy’uwo yarafite, umuntu ntiyabura kwibaza amafaranga leta y’u Rwanda izamuhemba kandi niba ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buyiyemerera.
Tumwifurije amahirwe mu kazi ke gashya, nuko yazakomera k’umurongo we wo kugendera m’ukuri.
Mutimukeye Constance