IBIMENYETSO BY’IBIHE : IBIBAZO BY’UBUKUNGU

Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli

U Rwanda rwugarijwe ni ibibazo by’ubukungu aho Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu yatangaje ko Ifaranga ry’u Rwanda rimaze gutakaza 10.3% ku gaciro ryari rifite muri 2019. Banki y’Isi nayo yatangaje ko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagabanyutseho 16% hagati ya 2019 na 2021. Ni mu gihe kandi Minisiteri y’Imari mu Rwanda (MINECOFIN) yatangaje ko amademi u Rwanda rufitiye amahanga yavuye kuri 58.1% muri 2019 agera kuri 76.2% muri 2021.

Si ibi byonyine byugarije ubukungu bw’u Rwanda kuko ikigero cy’ubushomeri cyavuye kuri 13% muri 2019 kikagera kuri 22% muri 2021. Ibi bigashimangirwa na raporo ya FMI ivuga ubukene mu gihugu bwiyongereye ku gipimo cya 5.1% muri 2021. Ni ukuvuga ko abaturage barenga 550,000 bisanze mu bukene bukabije, bakeneye imfashanyo yihuse cyangwa bakipfira.

Nyamara n’ubwo bimeze gutya Leta ya FPR irijijisha ikanajijisha amahanga ko ibibazo byose byatewe na COVID-19 nk’aho iki cyorezo cyibasiye u Rwanda gusa. Mu Rwego rwo kujijisha Abanyarwanda, Leta y’u Rwanda, ibinyujije mu muzindaro wayo witwa igihe.com, yatangaje ko hari imishinga imwe n’imwe yahombeje Leta akayabo biturutse ku makossa y’Uturere, ikereka Abanyarwanda ko igiye gushyira hafi miliyari 350 Frw mu kigega nzahurabukungu, avuye mu nguzanyo, ndetse ikanasaba Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imisoro n’Amahooro (RRA) kuzinjiza miliyari 1 774 Frw mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2021/2022.

1. Imishinga y’Uturere yahombeje Leta

Mu nkuru yatangajwe n’umuzindaro wa Leta, igihe.com, ku wa 30/06/2021, hagaragaramo imwe mu mishinga yahombeje Leta biturutse ku makosa yakozwe n’Uturere.

Mu busanzwe, urwego rw’Uturere ni rumwe mu zigenerwa ingengo y’imari itubutse ariko ahanini rugateza igihugu ibihombo biturutse ku gukora imishinga itizwe neza igakuriramo kudindira, gutererana ibikorwa byashowemo amafaranga atari make bikarangira biteje igihombo ku gihugu n’ibindi.

Raporo y’Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta ya 2020, igaragaza ibihombo Uturere tunyuranye twagiye duteza binyuze mu ishoramari ryatwo ahanini ari uko ryakorwaga mu buryo budasobanutse. Muri iki cyiciro harimo kubaka amasoko y’Uturere, inganda n’amahoteli ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa byatwaye amafaranga atari make. Iki kinyamakuru cya Leta cyagarutse ku mishinga imwe n’imwe yashowemo akayabo ariko bikarangira idindiye cyangwa ntitange umusaruro wari witezwe bitewe no kwigwa nabi nk’uko bigaragazwa n’Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta.

1.1. Umushinga wo kubaka amasoko y’Uturere

Mu 2020 Uturere tune twashoye imari mu kubaka amasoko yatwo agera ku munani yari afite agaciro kangana na 3,694,345,164 Frw ariko ubwo Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta yakoraga ubugenzuzi yasanze hakirimo ibibazo bitandukanye bigendanye no kuba mu masoko atanu yo mu Turere twa Rubavu, Karongi na Nyagatare, afite agaciro ka 2,517,696,318 Frw ariko akaba adakoreshwa ku kigero gikwiye kuko ikoreshwa ryayo riri hagati ya 3% na 37%.

Hari kandi amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni 80 Frw yakoreshejwe nabi hubakwa amasoko abiri mu Karere ka Ruhango. Mu bibazo by’amasoko kandi Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta, yagaragaje ko harimo n’umushinga wo kubaka isoko rigezweho rya Gisenyi mu Karere ka Rubavu Giseny i Modern Market” wakunze kurangwa no guhangana hagati y’Akarere ka Rubavu na ba rwiyemezamirimo bashakaga kuryubaka dore ko umaze hafi imyaka isaga 10.

Raporo igaragaza ko muri Mutarama 2021 aribwo Akarere kongeye kugirana amasezerano na rwiyemezamirimo mushya (Rubavu Investment Company Ltd) yo kubaka iryo soko ku buryo mu mezi atandatu gusa rizaba ryuzuye ariko byageze mu kwezi kwa Kane ntakirakorwa mu gihe nyamara hamaze gushorwamo agera kuri 1,096,593,206 Frw. Biteganyijwe ko imirimo yo kubaka igice kibanza izatwara byibuze miliyari 2.7 Frw mu gihe igice cya kabiri biteganyijwe ko kizatwara hafi miliyari 8 Frw. Twibutse ko Investment Companies zose zo mu Turere ziba zishamikiye kuri FPR. Uzumva ngo Kamonyi Investment Group, Muhanga Investment Company, Rwamagana Investors…n’ahandi n’ahandi. Aha haba harimo abashumba ba FPR bayigarariye muri companies za buri Turere. Nta handi rero ziganisha uretse gukenesha abaturage no gukiza FPR.

1.2. Inganda n’amahoteli byatwaye akayabo ariko ntibyakora

  • Uretse imashini zatwaye miliyoni 265 Frw muri miliyoni 429 Frw zari zatanzwe n’umushoramari Noguch Holdings, angana na 55.8% yo kubaka Burera College of Trade ariko ntizikoreshwe, mu 2017 Akarere ka Burera kubatse hoteli (Burera Beach Resort) yatwaye amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni 654 Frw yubatswe igamije guteza imbere iterambere ry’aka Karere ariko mu bugenzuzi bwakoze n’Umugenzuzi Mukuru bwagaragaje ko iyo hoteli idashobora kugaruza amafaranga yayitanzweho kubera ko habuze umushoramari wayikoresha bitewe n’igenamigambi ryakozwe nabi. Hashize imyaka hafi irindwi (7) yose nta nyungu iri shuri ryinjiriza aka Karere kuva ryashyirwaho ku wa 6 Ugushyingo 2014.
  • Akarere ka Ngororero ko kubatse uruganda rutunganya imyumbati (Ngororero Cassava Factory), ariko rumaze imyaka igera kuri irindwi (7) rwuzuye ntacyo rukoreshwa. Uru ruganda rwatanzweho miliyari 768 Frw, akarere gatangamo 688,337,406 Frw. Nyamara barwubatse babizi neza ko nta myumbati yera muri aka Karere, ahubwo hagamijwe guha akazi ko kuyitunda mu tundi Turere hakoreshejwe ibikamyo bya FPR
  • Mu Karere ka Muhanga hari umushinga w’inyubako zizwi nka “Eight in One” zubatswe zaragenewe kugurishwa mu rwego rwo gufasha abakozi kubona inzu. Izo nzu zuzuye zitwaye hafi miliyoni 150 Frw ariko zimaze umwaka zuzuye kandi ntizigeze zigurishwa bitewe ahanini n’intege nke zagaragaye mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umushinga cyane ko wari wakozwe hatabayeho inyigo yizwe neza, kureba abazagura izo nzu no gutangiza umushinga utaramejwe na Njyanama ya Karere nk’uko biteganywa n’itegeko.
  • Mu Karere ka Rulindo naho hagaragaye umushinga w’ishuri ry’imyuga rya Kisaro TVET wari waratwaye akayabo ka miliyoni 889 Frw ariko umaze imyaka ibiri n’amezi atandatu amashuri adakoreshwa.
  • Mu Turere dutandukanye turimo Kayonza, Nyagatare na Nyanza mu mushinga wo gukwirakwiza amazi watewe inkunga na Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Program II watangijwe mu 2016 na 2017, hari haguzwe ibikoresho bitandukanye byatwaye asaga miliyari enye na miliyoni 59 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ariko nta musaruro wari witezwe byatanze.

1.3. Gahunda y’ivuriro muri buri kagari nayo yatunzwe agatoki

Muri gahunda ya Leta, harimo kugira ivuriro muri buri kagari rizwi nka Poste de Santé rigamije gufasha abaturage no kubagabanyiriza urugendo bakora bajya kwivuza ku Kigo nderabuzima cyabaga ari kimwe mu murenge wose ndetse ugasanga hari n’imirenge itagifite.

Umugenzuzi mukuru yagaragaje ko hari postes de santé zirenga 20 zari ziri kubakwa mu Turere twa Rulindo, Nyamasheke, Kamonyi, Muhanga, na Ngororero aho bigaragara ko mu kuzubaka hari hakoreshejwe amafaranga y’ubudehe (Ubudehe Program Funds) agera kuri miliyoni 144 Frw, ariko ntizakoreshwa. Uretse izi 20 ariko hari izigera kuri 51 zo mu Turere dutanu twa Rusizi, Nyamagabe, Karongi, Ngororero na Rutsiro, zubatswe zitwaye arenga miliyoni 324 Frw ariko zikaba zidakoreshwa.

2. RRA yasabwe gukusanya miliyari 1 774 Frw mu 2021/2022

Inkuru umunyakuru witwa Muhonzire Sylvine yasohoye mu kinyamakuru cya Leta, igihe.com, ku wa 02/07/2021, yavugaga ko Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro (RRA), Bizimana Ruganintwali yatangaje ko iki kigo cyasabwe gukusanya amafaranga angana na miliyari 1 774 Frw mu mwaka w’isoresha wa 2021/22, amafaranga angana na 46% by’ingengo y’Imari y’u Rwanda y’uwo mwaka ingana na miliyari 3 807 Frw.

Yabigarutseho ubwo yamurikiraga Abaturarwanda ingamba zo kuzamura iyubah irizwa ry’inshingano zo gusora mu mwaka wa 2021/2022. Yavuze ko mu mwaka ushize wa 2020/2021, Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro cyabashije kwesa umuhigo, ku ntego yari yihaye yo gukusanya agera kuri miliyari 1 579 Frw irenzaho ikusanya miliyari 1 643 Frw, bivuze ko intego bayigezeho ku ijanisha rya 103.3%. Aha uhita wibaza ngo ese aya yarenzeho yavuye he? Ese n’abasora biyongereye? Cyangwa ni akandi kazi gashya kavutse? Byose si byo ahubwo ni agahotoro FPR ikomeje gukoresha mu kwigwizaho umutungo no gukenesha abaturage.

Yakomeje avuga ko kugira ngo RRA ibashe kugera kuri iyi ntego bizasaba ubufatanye bw’abasora, binyuze mu kubahiriza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inshingano umuntu wese usora aba afite zo kwishyura umusoro kandi ku gihe. RRA yatangaje ko mu bijyanye no gushishikariza abasora kubahiriza ishingano izibanda ku nzego z’imirimo zirimo urwego rw’ubwubatsi, urwego rw’itangazamakuru n’itumanaho, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndetse n’abunganira abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga muri za gasutamo. Ibi rero byo gusoresha itangazamakuru cyane cyane irikoresha YouTube nta kindi bigamije uretse kuricecekesha.

3. Ikigega Nzahurabukungu kizashyirwamo miliyoni $ 350

Umunyamakuru witwa Akayezu Jean de Dieu, ku wa 19/06/2021, yavuze ko guverinoma igiye kongera miliyoni $ 350 mu Kigega Nzahurabukungu.

Hashize amezi hafi 16, ibikorwa bya buri munsi by’Abanyarwanda bihungabanyijwe n’icyorezo cya Covid-19, cyatumye bimwe mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ibindi by’abikorera bifunga imiryango, ibindi bisigara bigenda biguruntege. Iki cyorezo giterwa n’agakoko gashya ka Coronavirus cyageze i Kigali ku wa 14 Werurwe 2020. Kuva ubwo u Rwanda rwihutiye gutangira gutekereza uburyo bwo guhangana nacyo hirindwa ikwirakwira ryacyo hashyirwaho ingamba zirimo gufunga mu buryo bw’agateganyo ibikorwa bitandukanye.

Mu bikorwa byahise bifungwa nk’uko byakorwaga hirya no hino ku Isi, harimo imipaka na bumwe mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, amahoteli, ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo n’ibindi byinshi byinjirizaga akayabo abikorera na’igihugu muri rusange.

Muri Kamena 2020, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho Ikigega Nzahurabukungu (Economic Recovery Fund, ERF), cyahise gishyirwamo miliyoni $ 100. Muri Werurwe 2021, Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr Ngirente Edouard, yabwiye abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ko uyu mwaka uzarangira gishyizwemo miliyari 370 Frw. Icyo gihe, Minisitiri w’Intebe yavuze ko iki kigega cyashyizweho kugira ngo gifashe ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bibashe kuzanzamuka, abikorera bongere gusubukura ibikorwa byabo, babungabunge umurimo, bityo bafashe mu gukumira ingaruka z’iki cyorezo ku bukungu bw’u Rwanda.

Icyo gihe Urwego rw’Inganda, izitunganya umusaruro (Manufacturing) zari zimaze guhabwa miliyoni 955 Frw. Byari biteganyijwe ko umwaka wa 2021 uzarangira, urwego rw’inganda rwongewemo asaga miliyari 150 Frw.” Ibirero byo guha amahoteli amafaranga ngo yishyure inguzanyo ntaho bitandukaniye no kwambura Petero ukambika Paulo. Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, Habyarimana Béata, yavuze ko amafaranga yose yari yarashyizwe muri iki kigega yamaze gushira, hagiye gushyirwamo andi agera kuri miliyoni $350. Akemeza ko ubusabe bwa benshi bugiye gusubizwa harimo na za Kaminuza zigenga ndetse n’abatwara abantu mu buryo bwa rusange, nk’uko byemejwe na Bapfakurera uhagarariye PSF. Azakora iki?

Ahirwe Karoli