Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 2021, Umwanditsi w’Umufaransa Patrick de Saint-Exupéry yamuritse igitabo yanditse kigamije guhakana ubwicanyi bwakorewe muri Kongo no kunyomoza Mapping Report. Igihe yari i Kigali mu gikorwa cyo kumurika icyo gitabo yarihanukiriye abwira ba Sebuja ari nabo bagarukwaho iteka ku kugira uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi aribo FPR n’abambari bayo ati “Nta genocide yakorewe muri Congo”. Nkuko tubikesha umuzindaro mukuru wa FPR (RBA) mu nkuru yawo yasohotse ku i tariki ya 10 Gicurasi 2021, igir’iti icyahoze ari “Komisiyo y’igihugu yo kurwanya jenoside CNLG yavuze ko icyo gitabo ari intwaro ikomeye yo kwifashisha mu kugaragaza ukuri kuri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda”. Ese ubwicanyi bwakorewe muri kongo mu mwak wi 1996 buhuriyehe n’ amahano yagwiriye u Rwanda mu mwaka wi 1994?
Patrick de Saint-Exupéry umwanditsi akaba n’umunyamakuru wa le Figaro, icyo igitabo cye yacyise ”La Traversée, une odysée au coeur de l’Afrique” –“Ukwambuka, urugendo rudasanzwe hagati muri Afurica”. Mu magambo ye yavuze ati ”Nahereye i Kigali nshingira ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda, hanyuma ninjira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ngamije gushakisha ibivugwa ko habaye indi jenoside ya kabiri. Naje gusanga ko nta yindi jenoside yabaye uretse iyakorewe abatutsi gusa. Ubusanzwe jenoside ni ikintu cyihariye, ni umugambi wo kurimbura cyangwa kumaraho burundu abantu runaka. Iby’uwo mugambi rero ntaho bigaragara haba no muri Congo n’ubwo muri icyo gihugu habaye intambara, ariko intambara ntaho ihuriye na jenoside. Muri make rero iby’uko habaye jenoside ebyiri ni ibihimbano.”
Ni ibisanzwe ko ibinyoma byihuta kurusha ukuri cyane iyo bigaragiwe n’ababigizemo uruhare, ese aho uy’umwanditsi niyaba yaraguye mu mutego wo kujya kubaza igisambo, uwibye naho yahishe ? Ibaze isoko y’amakuru ku bwicanyi bwakorewe muri Congo ibaye Leta ya FPR inkotanyi!!! Ngayo nguko icyatumye. ku i tariki ya 27 Ukwakira, abaganga batagira umupaka (MSF) basohora inyandiko ifite umutwe ugira uti : “Patrick de Saint-Exupéry : un faussaire au Congo”, umuntu agenekereje mu Kinyarwanda, “Patrick de Saint-Exupéry : umuhimbyi muri Congo”.
Inyandiko itangira igira iti Mu gitabo cye, La Traversée. Une odyssée au cœur de l’Afrique, Patrick de Saint-Exupéry ahakana ukuri ku bijyanye n’ubwicanyi bw’ impunzi z’abanyarwanda (Abahutu) bahungaga ingabo za APR zifatanyije n’abanyekongo mu myaka ya 1996 -97. Iki gikorwa yakoze cyo gutesha agaciro, cyane cyane iperereza ryakozwe n’itsinda rya Mapping Report ndetse niry’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yemwe n’abanyamakuru benshi bari bahibereye mur’ iyo myaka, ntiryakwihanganirwa na MSF yari ifite yo amatsinda yagiyeyo gufasha izo mpunzi mu myaka ya 1996 -97.
MSF ni umutangabuhamya wa mbere wa Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda, ikaba kandi narimwe mu mashyirahamwe abakozi bayo biboneye n’amaso yabo ubwicanyi burenze imitekerereze ya muntu bwakozwe n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR inkotanyi yari imaze gufata u Rwanda mu cyahoze ari Zaire mu myaka ya 1996 na 1997, bukorerwa abaturage bari bagizwe k’ urugero rwa batatu kuri bane n’abagore n’abana.
MSF ikomeza ivuga ko, nubwo abanyamuryango ba MSF barangije kucyinenga, uburyo umwanditsi yakoresheje inyandiko ziri mu bubiko bwa MSF (archive) ashinja abanyamuryango bayo kuba barabeshye bagakina ikinamico bizatuma MSF itanga igisubizo cyihariye kandi kirambuye.
Patrick de Saint-Exupéry yashingiye cyane cyane k’ubushakashatsi bubiri bwakozwe na MSF, umuntu wese yageraho ku rubuga rwayo k’ubuntu, bujyanye n’ amahitamo y’itumanaho kumugaragaro ndetse nayo gukora ibikorwa by’ishyirahamwe mu bihe bibiri by’ibibazo (crises). Izo nyandiko ni :
• “Inkambi z’impunzi z’u Rwanda Zaire-Tanzaniya 1994-1995″
• “Gukurikirana no kwica impunzi z’u Rwanda muri Zaire-Congo 1996-1997”
Byinshi mu bisobanuro umwanditsi yakoresheje yabikuye muri izo nyandiko abitangaza mu buryo budasobanutse neza kandi yirengagije imiterere yibihe byanditswemo kugirango yemeze igitekerezo cye nk’umwanditsi.
MSF ihita itanga urugero aho umwambari wa FPR yavuze ko : “ikoreshejwe na diplomasi, cyane cyane Abafaransa, MSF, cyane cyane MSF-France, yemeje “ikoresheje ingufu n’ ingamba zo kwamagana” ubutegetsi bushya bw’ u Rwanda igamije “kwikuza muri iryo shyirahamwe”, yaba mur’ ubwo buryo yahimbye ubwicanyi butabayeho. MSF itanga umucyo ko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu cyegeranyo “MSF itumanaho kumugaragaro” buri ahagaragara ku buryo bugeza buri wese ku inyandiko z’ ububiko nyinshi bugaragaza impaka zikaze byanze bikunze zavutse muri MSF muri ibyo bihe bikomeye. Ikigaragara kandi mur’ izo nyandiko nuko Laurence Binet, umwanditsi w ‘inyadiko ebyiri zakoreshejwe, aha abasomyi inyandiko zerekana uburyo n’urwego ibyo biganiro byakorewemo ndetse n’ibyemezo byafashwe.
MSF ivuga ko Patrick de Saint-Exupéry yafashe rimwe na rimwe ibice by’inyandiko akabishyira hagati yamagambo n’andi magambo gutyo akabiha ibindi bisobanuro bitari iby’umwimerere. Ubundi akibagirwa amakuru avuguruza ukubogama kwe bityo uburyo akoresha ibyo bice by’inyandiko za MSF buhabanye rwose n’ihame ry’akazi ryayoboye ubyuryo zakozwe.
Urugero ngo nko k’urupapuro rwa 183, umunyamakuru avuga ibirego Jean-Christophe Rufin yashinjaga Jean-Hervé Bradol, atavuze igisubizo cya Jena-Hervé Bradol cya nyuma mu gihe icyo gisubizo aricyo gikurikira [ikibazo] muri iyo nyandiko yasohotse mu bushakashatsi bwa MSF. Kure mu gitabo (ku urupapuro rwa 233), yatoranyijemo imvugo “« politique de liquidation totale » – “politiki yo kubatsemba bose” yakuye mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara na MSF-France ku i tariki 26 Mata 1997, ashaka kugaragaza ko MSF ishyigikiye ko habayeho “double Genocide”. Nyamara muri MSF itsinda rito ry’abanyapolitiki n’abaminuje bagize Ubuyobozi, nta numwe wigeze avuga mu izina rya MSF ngo avuge ko habayeho “Double Jenoside”.
Mbere yo gukomeza mu nyandiko ya MSF, reka dufate umwanya wo gusobanukirwa icyo inyito ya “Double Genocide” ivuze, uko FPR iyisobanura muri bwa bucuruzi bwayo bw’amahano yagwiriye u Rwanda.
Mu gihe mu nyungu zayo FPR yasabye amahanga ko amahano yagwiriye u Rwanda yakwitwa “Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi”, inyito yayifashije guhanagura mu mateka y’ubwicanyi bwo 1994 abandi bantu batabarirwaga mu cyiswe ubwoko bw’ Abatutsi biciwe mu mahano yagwiriye u Rwanda, yaboneyeho gusonabura ko abantu bose bapfuye, ivuga ko barenze miliyoni, bazize ko bari Abatutsi.
Gahoro gahoro uwiswe umututsi wese yahindutse mu mboni yayo “uwarokotse Jenoside” kabone nubwo uwo muntu atabaga mu Rwanda cyangwa yari mu ngabo za APR yica Abanyarwanda muw’ 1994.
Mu gihe abantu batangiye kuvuga ukuri kwabo, bakavuga ko nabo biciwe na FPR ndetse ubuhamya bwinshi bukagenda bwerekana ko nabiswe abahutu bazize uko bavutse, abacurabwenge ba FPR bahise basobanurira abazungu ko “Umututsi wakorewe Jenoside adashobora guhinduka Umututsi wakoze iyindi Jenoside, gutyo ko kuvuga ko FPR yakoze Jenoside ari ugushinyagurira abazize Jenoside kuko biba ari ukuvuga ko uwakorewe Jenoside ari nawe wayikoze”. Muri rusange ibi bikaba aribyo bisobanuro FPR iha icyo bita “Double Genocide”. Ni gutyo abanyamahanga benshi batinya guha izina ubwicanyi ndegakamere bwakorewe abo mu kiswe ubwoko bw’abahutu.
Umwanditsi yanditse ahandi (urupapuro 251): “Mu 1997, iyo nzira yiswe “colidori y’urupfu ”:“ Ubundu Kisangani: ”abapfu bo kuri gari ya moshi”. Mu byukuri niba ijambo “abapfu” ryali rihwanye n’ukuri kw’impfu abanyamuryango ba MSF bakoreraga muri kariya karere biboneye kandi rwose bikaba byari umwe mu mitwe y’inyandiko y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, ijambo ” colidori y’urupfu ” nta hantu na hamwe ryigeze rikoreshwa. MSF ikomeza ivuga ko mu gihe Patrick de Saint-Exupéry abibona, nk’uburyo bwo gukabya bwa MSF-France bwari bugamije “kwikuza kugirango buyobore nk’uko byari byarahoze mu mateka y’uyu muryango, bakabigeraho bafata umurongo ukakaye” (urupapuro 252), ngo ukuri nuko amashami ya MSF yo mu Bubiligi n’iyo mu Buholandi nayo yari ashyigikiye ibyo bisobanuro, nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibice byinshi by’ubushakashatsi.
MSF ikaba ivuga ko byumvikana ko habaye impaka n’ubwumvikane buke hagati y’amashami ku byerekeranye n’uburyo bwo gufata ijambo mu ruhame ariko ko nta mpaka zabaye mu kureba no kwemera urwo rugomo ndetse nubwo bwicanyi ndengakamere.
Ngo nanone mu gitabo, ku rupapuro rwa 249, umwanditsi avuga k’uwitwa Marleen Monteyne, umuganga wagiye mu butumwa mur’ ibyo bihe, umwanditsi akemeza ko agarutse nta kimenyetso na kimwe cyerekana aho yaba yaravugiye ko “abasirikare b’u Rwanda barimo bica impunzi”. Kuri MSF, umusomyi wa La Traversée ntazamenya ko mu nkuru y’ikinyamakuru cy’imbere cya MSF, “Messages” kandi nacyo kiri mur’ icyo cyegeranyo cy’ubushakshatsi, ko Marleen Monteyne ahubwo yanditse agira ati : “ni ngombwa gutanga ubuhamya, kwamagana kandi umuntu akemera ingaruka zo kubikora aho gushimishwa gusa no kujyayo umuntu arebera ubwicanyi/ abara imirambo.”
MSF inyomoza uyu mwambari wa FPR, kuko mugusoza uru rutonde rw’uburiganya ku mvugo ya Samantha Bolton (urupapuro 251), umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho mu gice cy’Amerika muri MSF, yakoreshejwe mu kubeshya aho umwanditsi avuga ko yari afitiye impungenge itumanaho ridafite ishingiro. MSF ivuga ko atahakanye ubwo bwicanyi nk’inzobere mu itumanaho kandi nyuma y’impaka zishingiye ku mibare y’abahohotewe mu mpunzi z’Abahutu mu nkambi za Zayire zari zambuwe ubufasha mu mpera za 1996 / mu ntangiriro za 1997, Samantha Bolton yatanze umuburo kugira ngo habeho kugenzura byimbitse ibyagenderwagaho mu kwamagana [akaga impuzi zari zashyizwemo].
MSF ivuga ko muri rusange, abasomyi b’igitabo batazamenya ibintu bigaragara mu bushakashatsi bwa Laurence Binet byerekana ko habayeho ubwicanyi ndengakamere – nka raporo z’amakipe ya MSF i Chimanga, i Shabunda n’i Masisi. Ngo by’umwihariko I Shabunda, abasirikare ba APR bicaga impunzi imiryango mpuzamahanga yabaga yashishikarije gusohoka mu ishyamba ry’inzitane. MSF ivuga ko ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abasivili bashyizwe mur’ uyu mutego w’urupfu ntibyawusimbuka. Iki gice cy’amateka cyikaba kimwe mu mateka yavuba y’ubutabazi ateye ubwoba, umwanditsi akaba atarabihaye agaciro.
MSF inenga uburyo Patrick de Saint-Exupéry atigeze afata umwanya wo kuganira n’abantu yavuzeho, cyangwa wo kujya kureba isooko ry’inkuru, ngo yagiye ahitamo uko yabishatse mu nyandiko yakozwe igamije kwerekana uko gufata icyemezo biba bikomeye mu gihe cy’ urugomo rukabije.
Mu gitabo cye, Patrick de Saint-Exupéry, akaba yarajugunye nk’imyanda, agasuzugura cyangwa akirengagiza ibintu byose byerekana uruhare rw’ingabo za APR ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa bazo b’abanyekongo mu bwicanyi bwakorewe impunzi z’abanyarwanda muri Zayire aho yashyize imbere umubare muto w’ubuhamya yagiye akusanyiriza hirya no hino mu nyurabwenge (logique) idasobanutse.
Ku bijyanye na MSF, iri zunguzabimenyetso ryakozwe ku kiguzi cyo gukusanya cyangwa kuyobya uburari ku bimenyetso bikubiye mu nyandiko, umusomyi uwo ari we wese wasoma inyandiko ebyiri twavuze hejuru, yaritangira ubuhamya. MSF ivuga ko nubwo idatanga ibimenyetso mu buryo bwemewe bw’Ubutabera, ugukusanya ubuhamya na raporo yakoze rutanga urufatiro rukomeye rwo kuganira k’urugomo rukabije rwakorewe impunzi z’Abahutu.
Ngo umwanditsi agamije kwerekana ko nta Jenoside ya kabiri yakozwe, Patrick de Saint-Exupéry, yageze aho ahakana ikusasanyamakuru ryakozwe neza, harimo n’iryakozwe na amatsinda ya MSF: ubwicanyi bw’abasivili, abagore n’abana, ku rugero runini, bwakorewe muri Zaire / RDC bukozwe n’ imitwe yitwaje intwaro kandi ihagarariwe ni ingabo z’Ubutegetsi bushya mu Rwanda.
MSF irangiza ishimangira ko gukomeza kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wi 1994 ari igikorwa gikomeye cya muntu na politique nk’uko ari ingenzi gukora iperereza k’uruhare rw’u Bufaransa n’abandi bose bagize uruhare muri aya makuba. Ngo ariko biragaragara ko mu cyifuzo cye cyo guhangana n’abayobozi b’Abafaransa bari bashinzwe politiki y’Ubufaransa muri Afurika y’ibiyaga bigari mu gihe cya jenoside, Patrick de Saint-Exupéry yahanaguye ibimenyetso by’iyicwa ry’ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abantu.
Iyo nyandiko ikaba yarashyizweho umukono na Dr Mego Terzian, Perezida wa MSF – France, urangiza avuga ko Ikibabaje ari ukuntu icyo gikorwa kigayitse cyakiriwe neza. Umuntu yarangiza yibaza iyi poropaganda yaratwaye amafaranga angana iki yaturutse mu misoro y’ Abanyarwanda hagenderewe kweza APR-FPR inkotanyi yijanditse mu maraso y’inzirakarengane ikaba ihora isasa imigeri ngo yiyerekane uko itari . FPR izumva ryali ko bidashoboka gutwika inzu, ukanahisha umwotsi ?Ese gutaba gutwika no kugaburira ibikoko n’amashyamba yo muri Congo impunzi z’abo mu kiswe ubwoko bw’abahutu byasibanganwa n’ikinamico ry’umufaransa ushaka umugati? FPR n’abambari bawe tuza wibutse ibitereko washeshe!
Nguko uko amaraso y’abanyarwanda ahungeta abicanyi bitagombeye poropaganda, ejo ni ubutabera.. Ubundi tukiyunga muririra mu myotsi, igihe kizerekana ukuri.
Ahirwe Karoli