Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Umuryango CPJ (Committee for Protection of Journalists), uharanira ukwishira ukizana kw’abanyamakuru ngo badahutazwa cyangwa ngo bahungabane, washyize ahagaragara icyegeranyo cyawo cy’umwaka wa 2021. Uyu muryango mpuzamahanga ukaba wagaragaje ko uyu mwaka ari umwaka wagaragayemo igipimo gihanitse cyo gufungwa kw’Abanyamakuru. Ubushinwa bukaza ku isonga mu kugira umubare mwinshi w’abafunze.
Nk’uko tubikesha Radio Ijwi ry’Amerika (VOA), Umuryango CPJ watangaje icyegeranyo cyo kuva ku itariki ya 01/01 kugeza ku ya 01/12/2021. Uyu muryango ufite icyicaro i New York muri Amerika, wemeza ko uyu mwaka wa 2021 wabaye mubi cyane, kandi uruhije ku banyamakuru muri rusange ku isi yose. Kugeza kuri iyi tariki, abanyamakuru bagera kuri 293 nibo bafunzwe bazira umwuga wabo. Ubushinwa buza ku isonga ry’ibihugu bifite umubare munini w’abanyamakuru benshi bafunzwe, bukaba bufunze abagera kuri 50. Hakurikiraho igihugu cya Myanmar gifite abafunzwe 26, Misiri ifite 25 na Vietnam ifite 23 bafunzwe. Ni ukuvuga ko ibihugu bine bya mbere byihariye 42.3 % by’abanyamakuru bafunze ku isi yose. Iyi mibare iteye ubwoba ubwayo.
Muri Afurika y’Uburasirazuba n’Ihembe ry’Afurika, abagera kuri 45 barafunzwe. Ibihugu biri ku isonga bikaba Erythrea ifite abanzwe 16, Ethiopia ifite 9 n’u Rwanda rufite 7 bavuye kuri 4 muri 2020. Bikaba ari ikimenyetso cy’ihungabana rikomeye ry’uburenganzira bw’itangazamakuru. Benshi muri bo bakoresha urubuga rwa YouTube. Aba Perezida benshi bari baburiwe kugira icyo bahindura muri 2020 barabikora uretse u Rwanda. Ikibabaje cyane n’uko Perezida Kagame amenyereye kunengwa muri mwene izi raporo kandi ibyo banenga bimugeraho.
Mu nama yamuhuje n’abayobozi mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa 11/2021, Kagame yabikomojeho, avuga ko asanga hatabaho kwihutira gufunga igihe hari umunyamakuru wakosheje, ahubwo hakwiye kubaho abantu bamwegera bakamwereka umurongo akwiye kugenderaho, kugira ngo akore akazi neza.
Mu magambo ye, Paul Kagame yagize ati “cyane cyane ni ibirebana na za social media. Bifite icyo bimaze wenda biha uburenganzira abantu, bikanahuza abantu benshi, bakabasha gutanga ibitekerezo byabo, uko bimeze kose, byaba bibi byaba byiza, ariko hakwiye kubaho uburyo butandukanye, buhangana n’icyo kibazo. Hakwiye kuba hari amategeko abigenga cyangwa abibuza. Ujya hariya akavuga ibibi, aharabika Leta cyangwa aharabika Abanyarwanda, akwiye kubaho abandi bamusubiza, bakamushyira mu mwanya we. Iyo ntambara nziza ya mbere yo kujya impaka. Niba ubeshya hakwiye kuba abakunyomoza…” Ariko nk’uko tubizi imvugo siyo ngiro!
Mu karere k’Afurika y’Iburasizuba n’Ihembe ry’Afurika naho CPJ yemeza ko ibintu atari shyashya.I Burundi hari abanyamakuru ba Iwacu bari bafunzwe ariko bararekuwe. No muri Soudan y’Amajyepfo abari bafunzwe umwaka ushize bose bararekuwe, nta n’umwe ugifunzwe, cyo kimwe na Uganda. Ariko n’ubwo muri ibihugu bitatu Burundi, Soudan y’Amajyepfo na Uganda nta munyamakuru ufunzwe, ariko baracyahura n’itotezwa rikomeye, ku buryo n’ubundi ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru bugerwa ku mashyi.
Uretse aba bafunzwe hari n’abishwe. Abanyamakuru babiri bo muri Somalia bishwe n’ibyihebe bya Al Shabab. Undi umwe yarishwe muri Ethiopia. Muri aka gace ka Afurika y’Iburasizuba n’Ihembe ry’Afurika nta munyamakuru w’igitsina gore ufunze muri uyu mwaka, mu gihe mu mwaka ushize wa 2020 hari 2 bari bafungiye mu Burundi. Iyi ni intambwe nziza yatewe ariko ntihagije kuko ubwisanzure buracyari hasi.
Iyi mibare ivuze iki ku Rwanda mu ruhando mpuzamahanga?
Iyo ushaka kumenya icyo imibare isobanura, ukoresha uburyo bwinshi, ariko twe hano tugiye gukoresha uburyo bworoshye kumva bwa “ratios”. Ni ukuvuga umubare w’abanyamakuru bafunzwe, ugeranyije n’abaturage bose b’igihugu. Turafata ibihugu bibiri gusa: Ubushinwa kuko ari bwo bwafunze umubare munini w’abanyamakuru ku isi, aho bwafunze abagera kuri 50; turebe n’u Rwanda rufunze 7, kuko “ujya gutera uburezi arabwibanza”. Ntabwo twasiga iby’iwacu bita imitemeri ngo tujye gupfundikira iby’abandi.
Ku ikubitiro ugereranyije abanyamakuru 7 bafunzwe mu Rwanda, na 50 bafunzwe mu Bushinwa, wakumva ko umubare wo mu Rwanda ari muto, ariko mu mibare bifite ikindi bivuze igihe wakoresheje “ratio r ”.
Aho r= A/B, A ikerekana abanyamakuru bafunzwe, naho B ikaba umubare w’abaturage bose batuye igihugu.
Imibare iraduha ibi bikurikira:
- Ubushinwa bufunze abanyamakuru A=50, bukagira abaturage babarirwa muri B=5,300,000,000. Ubwo “ratio” y’Ubushinwa r1=A/B, r1=50/5,300,000,000= 9.43396E-09. Ni ukuvuga ko Ubushinwa bufunze abanyamakuru 0.0943396 b’Abashinwa ku baturage 10,000.
- U Rwanda rufunze abanyamakuru A=7, bukagira abaturage babarirwa muri B=12,000,000 ugereranyije. Ubwo “ratio” y’u Rwanda r2=A/B, r2=7/12,000,000= 5.83333E-07. Ni ukuvuga u Rwanda rufunze abanyamakuru 5.83333 b’Abanyarwanda ku baturage 10,000.
Bivuze iki rero?
Bivuze ko “ratio” y’u Rwanda r2 uyigabanyije “ratio” y’Ubushinwa r1, ubona :
5.83333E-07/9.43396E-09=61.8333. Ni ukuvuga uko u Rwanda rufunze abanyamakuru hafi inshuro 62
abo Ubushinwa bufunze, bigahita birushyira ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi yose urebye abaturage barwo.
Twanzura iyi nkuru rero twavuga ko kuba raporo ya CPJ yarashyize Ubushinwa ku mwanya wa mbere harebwe gusa umubare w’abanyamakuru bafunzwe bidahagije, hakwiye kujya hanarebwa ngo abanyamakuru bafunzwe bava mu baturage bangana iki? Ibi rero biratwereka ko u Rwanda rukubye Ubushinjwa inshuro hafi 62 umubare w’abanyamakuru bafunzwe, ugereranyije n’abaturage b’ibyo bihugu byombi, bigahita binarushyira ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi yose mu gufunga abanyamakuru. Umubare ukabije kuba munini cyane.
Turasaba rero inzego zose bishinzwe yaba Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Guverinoma z’ibihugu zitera inkunga u Rwanda, n’abandi bafite aho bahuriye na Diplomatie y’U Rwanda, ko batakwirengagiza iyi mibare ahubwo barushyira ku gitutu bakarusabira ibihano, birimo guhagarikirwa inkunga, gufatira imitungo y’abategetsi no kubima uburenganzira bwo gutembera mu bindi bihugu bisanzuye kuko nabo badatuma itangazamakuru ryisanzura, bakanarenzaho gufunga umubare ungana gutya. Ni ahacu twese rero abakunda u Rwanda, guhaguruka tugatabariza igihugu cyacu kuko n’ubwo batubeshye ko Itangazamakuru ryigenga, atari ibyo, ahubwo uburenganzira bw’Itangazamakuru buracyari kure nk’ukwezi. Mana y’u Rwanda dutabare!
Remezo Rodriguez
Kigali