Mu Kinyarwanda tugira ijambo “Ishyaka” ariko ni ijambo risobanubanuye ibintu birenze kimwe “Polysémie”. “Ishyaka” mu gisobanuro cyaryo ryumvikana mu buryo bubiri bw’ingenzi: (1) Ubwa mbere ni ubwa rusange aho “ishyaka” risobanura “ubutwari, ubushake, ubwitange, n’ubushobozi ” bwo gukorera icyiza mugenzi ugamije kumurinda ikibi. Urugero iyo bavuze ngo kanaka “arwana ishyaka”, umwumva nk’umuntu mwiza uharanira icyiza kuri we kandi agaharanira kukigeza ku bandi, kabone n’aho yahasiga ubuzima bwe, uwo rero niwe bita “umurwanashyaka”, niwe wakwita “activist”, yakwisumburaho akaba“sober”.
Ku rundi ruhande ikindi gisobanuro (2) “ishyaka” risobanura ishyirahamwe ry’abantu bahuje ibitekerezo, bafite intumbero imwe (manifesto), amategeko rusange (statuts) n’amategeko ngengamikorere (Règlement d’ordre intérieur), kandi bahuje uburyo bwo guharanira kugera ku butegetsi. Amashyaka ya politiki yose aba muri iki gisobanuro cya kabiri, amategeko y’igihugu akurikiza, uko yandikwa, uko akora, abayayobora, uko atanga ibitekerezo byayo, n’uko aharanira kugera ku butegetsi atabangamiye ayandi baba badahuje ibitekerezo. Uri muri mwene iri “shyaka” ararirwanira, bigatuma yitwa “umurwanirashyaka”, wakwita mu zindi ndimi “membre, partisan, militant…”. Nta rundi rukundo aba afitiye abaturage.
Dushingiye kuri ibi bisobanuro turabona neza ko hari itandukaniro rinini mu Kinyarwanda hagati y’ “umurwanirashyaka” n’ “umurwanashyaka”. Kuko umwe arwanira “Ishyaka” rya Politiki agamije imyanya y’ubutegetsi naho undi akanwana “ishyaka” kuri bagenzi agamije kubakorera icyiza abavana mu kibi.
Dutanze ingero zifatika kugira ngo byumvikane umuntu namenya ko ushonje akagufungurira, yamenya ko ufite inyota akaguha icyo kunywa, waba uri umugenzi akakwakira, waba wambaye ubusa akakwambika, waba urwaye akakurwaza, waba uri mu nzu y’imbohe akaza kugusura, nk’uko tubisanga muri Bibiliya, Ivanjili ya Matayo 25:35, uwo aba ari indahemuka kuri wowe akitwa “umurwanashyaka”. Iyo turebye mu mateka y’u Rwanda tubona ko nyuma y’uko Ndahiro II Cyamatare yitangiye Abanyarwanda, Abanyabungo n’Abagara bakifashisha Abanyabyinshi bayogoje u Rwanda imyaka 11 yose, bituma Abaryankuna babaho ari “Abarwanashyaka” b’ukuri kuko batarwaniraga ingoma n’ubutegetsi ahubwo bari bafite ishyaka ry’u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda, inyungu yabo yari ukuvana igihugu mu maboko y’abanyamahanga bari baruyogoje.
Naho undi uza akakwereka imigabo n’imigambi agufitiye, akakubeshya ibyiza “Ishyaka” rye rya Politiki rizakugezaho, wamutora ntuzongere kumubona, akajya kuzuza igifu cye no kugushyiriraho amategeko agukandamiza, kugira ngo uzahore ukennye, umukeneye, ukaba wanamupfukamira ngo urebe ko bwacya kabiri, nta rundi rukundo agufitiye ahubwo akakwita rubanda rwa giseseka cyangwa umuturage, n’ibindi uwo ntacyo muba mupfana, aba arwanira ishyaka rye, bigatuma yitwa “umurwanirashyaka”. Hari n’aho njya numva babita “abakada” (caders/cadres). Aba rero ikizabakubwira ni ibinyoma no kwikunda gusa.
Uwamwezi Cecile