Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Kuva mu 1973, mu Rwanda hatangijwe ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi ba Leta buzwi nka “Caisse Sociale du Rwanda” (CSR). Ubu bwiteganyirize bwari bwashyizweho bushingiye ku Kigo cy’Ababiligi gishinzwe Ubwiteganyirize, maze gihabwa inshingano ebyiri (2) zirimo kwiteganyiriza iza bukuru (pension) no kwiteganyiriza impanuka zikomoka ku kazi (accidents de travail). Umukozi yatangaga 3% ku mushahara mbumbe we (salaire brut), umukoresha akamutangira 5%, bityo ubwiteganyirize bwe bukaba 8% ku kwezi ariko umusanzu ugatangwa buri gihembwe, umukozi akazabona ibyo agenewe ku myaka 55.
Nyuma y’uko FPR ifashe igihugu mu 1994, abambari bayo babonye ko itegeko ry’ubwiteganyirize ritabareba kuko byasabaga kuba warakoze imyaka 15 mu Rwanda, maze batangira guhindaguranya amategeko, imyaka ya pension bayishyira kuri 65, bagamije kugira ngo abasaza nka Tito Rutaremara na Polisi Denis bazabe baragize imyaka 15 y’ubwiteganyirize bakiri mu kazi. Byagize ingaruka nyinshi ku misanzu yatanzwe mbere.
Nyuma rero FPR yaje kubona muri iki kigo isôoko (source) ikomeye y’amafaranga maze itangira kuhahanga ijisho, ariko igenda ihindaguranya abayobozi banze kuba abafatanyacyaha mu bujura, bamwe bagafungirwa ubusa, bakaba abere bagataha akazi karatanzwe, abandi bagahungira mu mahanga, u Rwanda bakaruvutswa.
FPR imaze kubona ko ishobora kwiba amafaranga menshi ibyita ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, yashyizeho Itegeko No 45/2010 ryo ku wa 14/12/2010 rishyiraho inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubwishingizi (Rwanda Social Security Board-RSSB) maze gihuza icyari CSR (Caisse Sociale du Rwanda) na RAMA (La Rwandaise d’Assurance Maladie), maze ubujura buba buratangiye ku mugaragaro. Amafaranga atagira ingano yaribwe, abiteganyirije babura ayabo barihanagura.
Nk’aho bitari bihagije, FPR yongeye kubona ahandi hava amafaranga maze hakibwa atubutse, mu 2015, ishyiraho Itegeko No 04/2015 ryo ku wa 11/03/2015 riha RSSB inshingano zo gucunga Ubwisungane bw’Abaturage mu Buvuzi (Community Based Health Insurance) buzwi nka “Mutuelle de Santé”, ubujura bwarebaga abakozi ba Leta gusa, noneho buba bugiye ku baturage bose, ibintu birapfa biradogera.
Mu gihe abahoze ari abakozi ba Leta biteganyirije batakaga kubona amafaranga make no kutayabonera ku gihe, FPR yo yubakaga ibizu birebire bikitwa “Pension Plaza”, aho byaburaga ababikoreramo, Leta ikongera ikabikodesha mu misoro y’abaturage, mu bujura utabona uko ugereranya. None se ni gute Leta ikodesha indi Leta? Ese ubwo amazu yubatswe mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi akodeshwa ate n’imisoro y’abaturage?
Dufashe ingero nke Pension Plaza ya Nyarugenge ikodeshwa na Leta igakoreramo za Minisiteri zitandukanye zirimo MINIRENA, MYICT na MINEMA. Izi ni Minisiteri zifite amafaranga mesnhi kuko zakubaka aho gukorera ariko siko bimeze kuko bya bizu byubatswe na FPR bitabona ababikoreramo. Kuri iyi nyubako niho Me Evode Uwizeyimana yakubitiye Madame Oliva bimuviramo kwirukanwa uwamukubise agirwa Honorable Sénateur.
Muri iyi nyjbako kandi Leta ikodesha ibiro by’ibigo bikomeye nk’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere w’Amazi (Rwanda Water Resources Board-RWB) n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Amashyamba (Rwanda Forestry Agency-RFA). Aka kayabo kose kava ku misoro y’abaturage kakajya ku makonti ya FPR nta mpaka. Ntiturumva na rimwe Auditor General ahagenzura cyangwa ngo PAC ibibaze.
Kugeza uyu munsi FPR yagize RSSB ikigo cy’ubucuruzi (financial institution), kigengwa na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) hakurikijwe Itegeko No 55/2007 ryo ku wa 30/07/2007 rigenga amabanki, aho imirimo ya RSSB ya buri munsi icungwa na MINECOFIN. Ibi rero byo gufata ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi ukabuhindura ikigo cy’ubucuruzi, budafitiye inyungu undi wese uretse FPR biteye agahinda kandi biranababaje.
Nkaho rero ubujura FPR ikorera abaturage butari buhagije, mu 2017, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi, yashyizeho “Ejo Heza”, igenwa n’itegeko N° 29/2017 ryo ku wa 29/06/2017, iyita ubwizigame bw’igihe kirekire bukorwa ku bushake, hafungurwa konti ku banyamuryango, baba abanyamushahara cyangwa abandi bose bari mu byiciro bikurikira: (1) Abantu bikorera cg bakorera abandi mu byiciro by’imirimo itandukanye batagengwa n’amategeko y’umurimo cg amategeko yihariye. (2) Umukozi ukorera umushahara hatitawe ku bundi bwiteganyirize yaba arimo, wifuza kwizigamira by’igihe kirekire (3) Umunyamuryango utakitabira ubwiteganyirize yari arimo ariko akaba ashobora kububonamo amafaranga hakurikijwe amategeko abugenga, akayimurira kuri konti ya EjoHeza yo kwizigamira by’igihe kirekire. (4) Umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko uteganyirizwa kuri konti y’ubwizigame bw’igihe kirekire yashyizweho n’umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi we. (5) undi muntu uwo ari we wese utavuzwe mu byiciro byavuzwe haruguru.
Icyari ubushake cyahindutse itegeko maze abaturage batangira guhigwa bukwarem bagurishirizwa amatungo cyangwa umusaruro w’ibihingwa kugira ngo babone aho bakura amafaranga ashyirwa muri “Ejo Heza”. Abaturage baba babeshywa ko ari ukugira ngo bazagire amasaziro meza, ariko bakayoberwa aho bazabariza mu gihe batanga amafaranga ntibahabwe inyemezabwishyu, nta n’amasezerano basinyanye na Leta.
Amafaranga yakwa abaturage anyuzwa muri MTN, AIRTEL RWANDA, MOBICASH na BANKI YA KIGALI. Ibi bigo kandi nibyo abaturage biyandikishamo, bikanakusanya amafaranga, hifashishijwe telefoni zigendanwa. Gahunda ya Ejo Heza ishyirwa mu bikorwa n’ikigo kitwa Access to Finance Rwanda (AFR) gihuriweho n’u Rwanda n’Ubwongereza. Maze Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda ikagenzura ikusanywa ry’amafaranga yakwa abaturage, hifashishijwe iterabwoba, gufungwa no kunyagwa imitungo yumukanwa kugira ngo aboneke.
Inzego z’ibanze zishyira imbaraga zikomeye muri ubu bujura, kuko baba birengera, udakusanyije menshi aba ashobora no kubizira, akirukanwa. Niyo mpamvu usanga babwira abaturage ko uzajya apfa bazajya bamuha 1,000,000 FRW, agahabwa na 250,000 FRW yo gushyingurwa. Ibi rero ni ikinyoma kuko kuva byatangira, mu 2017, nta n’umwe urayahabwa, kandi abantu barapfa buri munsi, baba abicwa na FPR cyangwa imfu zisanzwe.
Amakuru agaragara kuri www.ejoheza.gov.rw yerekana ko buri munyarwanda cyangwa umunyamahanga uba mu Rwanda yemerewe gufungura konti muri Ejo Heza, ariko bikaba ikibazo gikomeye kuko byabaye itegeko.
Ubu bujura rero bwiyongera ku bundi bukorwa n’ibigo by’ubwishingizi (compagnies d’assurance), usanga akenshi bishamikiye kuri Crystal Venture ya FPR. Usanga abaturage bacibwa amafaranga yo kwishingira amatungo cyangwa yapfa cyangwa imyaka ikangizwa n’izuba, umuturage ntagire icyo ahabwa. Urugero ni urw’umuturage witwa Isaac Gashyekero, wo mu Mu Murenge wa Ruramira, Akarere ka Kayonza, watswe amafaranga yo guteganyiriza inka ye, maze imaze gupfa, bamusinyisha impapuro mu cyongereza, zemeza ko inka ye yishwe no kurya imifuka, agira ngo ni impapuro zo kumuha amafaranga, arayategereza, arayabura.
Mu kwanzura rero twavuga ko “Ejo Heza” ari ubujura bumaze gufata indi ntera mu Rwanda, dore ko hari n’abaturage bahunze ingo zabo, bagahungisha n’amatungo kubera gutinya gufatirwa kubera kutishyura ubu bujura bwateguwe neza na FPR, bukaba bushegeshe Abanyarwanda ku buryo burenze ukwemera. Birababaje kumva abaturage bose barira, abakozi ba Leta, abahinzi, aborozi, abamotari, abacuruzi, n’izindi nzego zose aho bakatwa amafaranga y’agatsi, nta masezerano nta n’inyemezabwishyu zitangwa muri ubu bujura.
Ahirwe Karoli