Yanditswe na Nema Ange
Raporo igaragaza uko abantu bishimye ku Isi (World Happiness Report) iheruka gushyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa kane uturutse inyuma mu bihugu bifite abaturage bishimye ku Isi, umwanya rwakomeje gushyirwamo mu myaka myinshi ishize. Iyi raporo y’umwaka wa 2021 yakozwe hagaragazwa “uburyo abaturage babona ubuzima bwabo mu bihugu bisaga 150 byo hirya no hino ku Isi”, nk’uko ijambo ry’ibanze rya raporo ribivuga.
Ni urutonde rukomeje kuyoborwa na Finland, Denmark, Iceland, u Busuwisi, u Buholandi, Luxembourg, Suède, Norvège, Israel na Nouvelle Zélande nk’ibihugu bifite abaturage bishimye kurusha abandi. Iyi raporo kandi yakozwe mu bihe bigoye by’icyorezo cya COVID-19, cyahungabanyije ubuzima bw’abaturage mu buzima no mu bijyanye n’imibereho. Igaragaza ko ubwoba n’imihangayiko byo byazamutse ku kigero cya 8% mu 2020 na 4% mu 2021, ugereranyije n’uko byari bimeze mbere y’icyorezo. Raporo ikomeza igira iti “Icyiza cyagaragaye ku rundi ruhande,ni impinduka zagaragaye mu gihe cya COVID-19 z’i izamuka ry’ubugiraneza mu 2021. Ubu bugiraneza bwatanze inkunga yagize akamaro ku bayitanze, abayakiriye n’ababireba, batewe ishema no kubona abantu biteguye gufatanya mu gihe cya ngombwa.” Uyu munsi tugamije gusesengura impamvu u Rwanda rukomeje kuza inyuma, ugereranyije n’ibihugu bituranye ndetse no ku Isi yose. Ese Leta ibigiramo uruhare rungana iki ?
Ikigenderwaho mu gukora raporo
Mu byagendeweho hakorwa raporo harimo :
(1) Kureba amafaranga umuturage yinjiza mu mwaka mu gihugu runaka, bijyanye n’ubushobozi bwo guhaha ibyo akeneye (Purchasing Power Parity, PPP).
(2) Icyizere cyo kubaho neza igihe kirekire (Life Expectancy), hagendewe ku bipimo by’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO).
(3) Uburyo abantu bahabwa ubufasha bakeneye (Social Support), hakoreshejwe ikibazo cya Gallup World Poll (GWP) cyasubizaga Yego cyangwa Oya, kigira kiti “uramutse uri mu kibazo, ufite umuryango cyangwa inshuti wakwitabaza bakagufasha igihe ubakeneye, cyangwa ntabo?”
(4) Habazwaga niba abantu banyuzwe cyangwa batanyuzwe n’uburenganzira bafite bwo guhitamo ibyo bakora mu buzima (Freedom to make life choices).
(5) Ubugiraneza (Generosity), yabazaga niba umuntu yarahaye abandi amafaranga mu buryo bw’ubagiraneza mu kwezi gushize.
(6) Ikibazo cya Ruswa (Corruption) cyabazaga niba abantu babona ruswa yiganje muri guverinoma, inzego z’ubucuruzi cyangwa niba babibona ukundi.
(7) Kureba ibyishimo umuntu yagize ku munsi wabanje (Positive affect), akabazwa niba yaragize ibimusetsa, akishima cyangwa niba yarize cyangwa agakora ikintu gitangaje.
(8) Kureba akababaro (Negative affect), niba ku munsi wabanje umuntu runaka yaragize ubwoba, akababaro cyangwa uburakari.
Izi ngingo zose zaregeranyijwe maze u Rwanda rwegukana umwanya wa 143 mu bihugu 146. Rwarushije gusa ibihugu bitatu aribyo : Zimbabwe (144), Lebanon (145) na Afghanistan (146). Ubundi rwagombaga kuba urwa 146 kuko, mu by’ukuri abaturage bo muri ibi bihugu rwarushije ntibasenyerwa, ntibanyerezwa, ntibafungirwa ubusa, ntibicwa, bigenga ku mitungo yabo, bavuga ibyo batekereza, n’ibindi byinshi bidahabwa agaciro mu Rwanda kubera impamvu tugiye kurebera hamwe mu bika bikurikira.
Uruhare rw’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda mu gutuma abaturage babaho batishimye
Urebye uburyo amanota yatanzwe, ibihugu icumi bya mbere ni ibyo mu Burayi bifite abaturage binjiza amafaranga menshi (GDP Per Capita), mu gihe icumi biri inyuma byiganjemo ibyo muri Afurika n’ibindi bikennye. Ibi ntacyo byari bitwaye kuko igihugu nticyasabwa ibyo kidafite. Ariko se bike bihari byo bisangirwa bite? Ubonye ngo ibihugu bimaze igihe mu ntambara bize imbere y’u Rwanda? Iyi raporo se irarubeshyera ni urwa mbere none barugize urwa nyuma ? Kuki mu by’ukuri ibihugu by’ibinyabibazo, bizwi ku rwego rw’isi biza imbere y’u Rwanda ? Aho si ukubera ubutegetsi bubi buyobowe n’agatsiko kikubira ibyiza byose by’igihugu ? Aha twavuga ibihugu nka Mali (123) imazemo iminsi mvururu za politiki, Libya (86) yasenyutse bikomeye kuva mu 2011, Mozambique yugarijwe n’iterabwoba (101), Myanmar (126) iyobowe gisirikare n’ibindi.
Uruhare rwa mbere u Rwanda rugira mu gutuma abaturage babaho batishimye ni ivangura n’amacakubiri atuma abakize bibumbiye mu gatsiko barushaho gukira, abakene bakarushaho gukena. Nta muturage wakwishima yaburaye cyangwa yaraye asenyewe kuko atemerewe gutura mu gace aka n’aka kandi yarahasanze ba se na basekuru. Ubu busumbane kandi ntibakibasha kubuhisha kuko raporo zivugira.
Uruhare rwa Leta y’ u Rwanda rugaragarira mu mpamvu esheshatu (6) zikurikira :
- Impamvu ya mbere : Ubusumbanye mu gusangira amatunda y’Igihugu
Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (NISR) giherutse gusohora raporo ku busumbane mu Banyarwanda. Iyi raporo u Rwanda rwasohoye yemeza ko rufite abaturage bagabanyije mu byiciro bitanu byiswe « Quintiles ». Muri iyi raporo u Rwanda ruvuga ko ibi byiciro byinjiza impuzandengo zitandukanye ku buryo ikinyuranyo kiri hagati y’abakire n’abakene ari kinini cyane, kandi ikaba idahakana uruhare rwayo.
Icyiciro cya mbere : Abaherwe (The Richest People): Iki cyiciro kinjiza impuzandengo (moyenne) ku kwezi ingana n’amafaranga 275,000 FRW ;
Icyiciro cya 2: Abakire (The Rich People): Binjiza impuzandengo ya 47,000 FRW ku kwezi;
Icyiciro cya 3: Abakene bifashije (The Moderate Poor People): Binjiza 26,000 FRW ku kwezi;
Icyiciro cya 4: Abakene (The Poor People): Binjiza 11,000 FRW ku kwezi;
Icyiciro cya 5: Abakene bakabije (The Poorest People): Binjiza 8,000 FRW ku kwezi.
Iyi raporo u Rwanda rwasohoye iragaragaza ko kuvuga ko ubukungu bwazamutse bidashobora na rimwe gutuma umuturage yishima. Nureba ikinyuranyo kiri hagati y’abaherwe n’abakire urabona ko ku kwezi impuzandengo zirutanwaho 228,000 FRW, bivuze ko ubukungu bwikubiwe n’agatsiko gatoya ka FPR, bagakomeza gukena bikabije. Ni gute wabara GDP y’Abanyarwanda uteranya amafaranga ya Rusirare cyangwa Gatera Egide ukayateranya n’aya Nyarwaya, wa musaza twabonye yanga ko bamukingingira cyangwa aya Rusizana wo mu Gasarenda? Ibi se si ukwikirigita ugaseka? Ibi rero nibyo bishingirwaho maze hagacurwa imibare idafite aho ihuriye n’ukuri kuri mu baturage, usanga abarenga 2/3 biberaho mu bukene bukabije.
Dufashe nk’ingero nkeya, u Rwanda ruvuga ko:
- Umuturage yinjizaga ku mwaka, GDP ingana na $ 824.9, mu 2019 avuye kuri $ 125.5 mu 1994, akaba azagera kuri $ 1,382 mu 2024. Ibi ni ikinyoma kuko baba bateranyije amafaranga ya Paul Muvunyi, aya Safari w’ i Nyagatare n’aya Nyirabazungu wo mu Rutsiro n’abandi kugeza ku Banyarwanda bose. Ntabwo rero ari igipimo cyiza cyatuma abaturage bishima, habe na gato. Ikinyoma gikubitirwe ahakubuye!
- Icyizere cyo kubaho neza (Life Expectancy) kizazamuka kuva ku myaka 67.8 kigere kuri 71.4 mu 2032. Ibi nabyo ni ukubeshya kuko 65% by’Abanyarwanda bafite munsi y’imyaka 30 (Urubyiruko). Ntabwo uburyo bwiza bwo gupima Espérance de vie ari uguhimbahimba ni ukureba icyo pyramide d’âges yerekana. Iki nacyo ni ikindi kinyoma cyo gukubitira ahakubuye, kuko kitatuma umuturage yishima.
- Ubukungu bwazamutse (Economy Increasing) ku kigero cya 10.9% muri 2021 kivuye kuri 3.4% munsi ya zeru (-3.4%), muri 2020. Iki ni ikindi kinyoma kuko babariramo ayo Crystal Ventures n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho byinjije, bikitirirwa Abanyarwanda bose. Iki kinyoma nacyo gikubitirwe ahakubuye!
- Ubusumbane mu mishahara (Gap in Salaries): Ni gute Perezida w’Inteko ishinga Amategeko umutwe w’Abadepite ahembwa inshuro ebyiri umudepite mugenzi we bashyiriwe ku rutonde rimwe? Ni gute Mayor w’Akarere warangije Ao ahembwa inshuro 24 umwarimo wo muri secondaire banganya amashuri? Ibi se byatuma umuturage yishima? Barangiza ngo umuturage niyishime bamushyiriyeho mutuelle de santé kandi no kuyishyura babanza kumugurishiriza amatungo no kumufunga rugeretse yajya no kwivuza agasanga asabwa kujya kwigurira imiti hanze kuko amafaranga yishyuye Leta itayahaye amavuriro.
Izi ni ingero nke muri nyinshi twavuga zerekana ko abaturage badasaranganya ibyiza by’igihugu, ariko reka turebe izindi mpamvu zituma Leta y’u Rwanda igira uruhare mu gutuma abaturage babaho batishimye.
- Impamvu ya 2 : Akarengane na Ruswa
Uzasanga nta muturage ugira ijambo ku mutungo we, Leta iwigabiza uko ishaka yagira ngo aravuze agahimbirwa ibyaha, agafungwa cyangwa akicwa. Ni kenshi twumva abasenyewe badahawe ingurane, abambuwe ibyabo ku maherere, abazize gutanga ibitekerezo byabo bakajugunywa muri gereza n’ibindi.
Ni kenshi kandi twumva aho kugira ngo ugire icyo ugeraho ugomba kwitegura gutanga ruswa yaba iy’amafaranga, ishingiye ku kimenyane n’icyenewabo, noneho aho byabereye bibi ruswa y’igitsina iravuza ubuhuha. Ubwo se umukobwa cyangwa umugore watanze ruswa y’igitsina, na ka kazi yashakaga ntibakamuhe azabaho yishimye gute ? Azishima se ahora yibutswa ko yandavuriye ubusa n’icyo yashakaga ntakibone ?
- Impamvu ya 3 : Ubucuruzi bw’Abantu
Ibigo byinshi byo mu Rwanda cyane cyane ibyigenga bikorera mu kwaha kwa FPR bikora ubucuruzi bw’abantu (Exploitation de l’homme par l’homme). Dufashe urugero ruto cyane Banki ya Kigali (BK) ntishobora guha akazi abashinzwe umutekano cyangwa abakora amasuku. Igaha Company ya Gen Runaka cyangwa Minisitiri Nyirakanaka maze akumvikana na Nyir’iyo Company agashyiraho abakozi bahembwa intica ntikize. Icyo BK iba itinya ni ugufata inshingano kuri ba bakozi ibateganyiriza cyangwa ibavuza. Niba nyir’ikigo yishyuye ku kwezi 140,000FRW ku mu sécurité ufite inkoni na 200,000 FRW ku wufite imbunda muri Company icunga umutekano nyamara Company yo ikamuhemba 50,000 FRW na 60,000 FRW ku kwezi, murumva azabaho yishimye gute? Keretse yikirigise agaseka! Niho uzasanga aba sécurité bishora mu byaha by’ubujura.
Mu bigo bya Leta, nka RBA, abakozi barenga 90% ni aba Volontaires, ntibagira comptes muri banque, babahembera udufaranga duke kuri caisse, bababeshya ko bazashyira bakabaha akazi, imyaka ikaba 10 ikanarenga, ababivumbuye kare bashinze za YouTube Channels, babivamo, ariko se ko umubare munini ari usigayemo, abo bose bakwishima biciye mu zihe nzira? Kereka izo kwikirigita ugaseka cyangwa urumogi.
- Impamvu ya 4: Gukoreshwa ibitajyanye n’ibyo wize
Mu ma stations ya Essence, mu nganda, no mu bigo bya Leta usangamo abakozi baminuje mu mashuri bakora akazi gaciriritse, ariko kubera amaburakindi bakemera bagakora. Ni gute umu sécurité wo kuri Station ya Engen warangije kwiga Amategeko akabura uko ajya kuyakarishya muri ILPD ngo yemererwe kubona akazi kajyaye n’ibyo yize, azabaho yishimye? Azishima ate se abona uwo biganye akaba Gitifu amucaho amuseka?
- Impamvu ya Gatanu 5: Ishoramari rirobanura ku butoni
Abanyamahanga bashora imari mu Rwanda bahabwa Période de grâce fiscale y’imyaka 7, yashira bakazinga, bakagenda, tugahora muri urwo. Nicyo gituma ubona icyari FINA Bank gihinduka GT Bank, Banque Populaire ikagurishwa buri myaka irindwi, icyari Station Total kikaba Rubis, hakaza AB Bank na I&M Bank n’ibindi.
Nyamara umunyarwanda washinze boutique muri quartier yishyuzwa ipatante, amahoro y’isuku, umutekano, umusanzu wa FPR, uw’uburezi, n’ibindi byinshi mbere y’uko atangira gucuruza. Uwazamutse agatumiza ibintu mu mahanga agera kuri gasutamo akishyura imisoro, hakurikijwe ibyo yaranguye, nyuma RRA yakora contrôle physique agakubitwa “querry”, urumva aba bombi bakwishima gute? Bavuga ko “nta wukira asongwa”.
Umumotari utwara abagenzi agakatwa aya “mubazi” angana na 10% azishima ate mu gihe yishyuye imisoro ikakaye, hirengagijwe ko motos batwara atari izabo? Bitandukaniye he no gusoresha umushumba w’inka?
Abitwa ngo bafite akazi basonerwa TPR (Taxe Professionnelle sur Revenue) iyo bahembwa atarenga 30,000FRW, hagati ya 30,000FRW na 100,000 FRW bagasoreshwa 20%, kuva ku ijana kuzamura bagasora 30%. Bivuze ko mwarimu wa secondaire uhembwa 143,000 FRW azasora kimwe na Minisitiri uhembwa 5,000,000 FRW. Ubu se aba basoreshwa batya bakwishima bate?
Abasaza bizigamiye muri RSSB, ubu ikaba icuruza amafaranga yabo yubaka imiturirwa yitwa “Pension Plaza” hirya no hino, ariko aba basaza bari mu zabukuru bakaba batemerewe kuvuzwa, bakwishima gute?
- Impamvu ya 6: Gahunda ya Leta yo gukenesha abaturage no kwanduranya
Kuri uyu wa Gatanu, tariki ya 18/03/2022, saa kumi za mugitondo, mu Ntara y’amajyepfo, Akarere ka Muhanga, Umurenge wa Nyamabuye, Akagari ka Gitarama, Umudugudu wa Kagitarama, abapolisi bateye urugo rw’uwitwa Norbert Byuryanakara, bamwambika amapingu, bamufungira kuri Station ya Polisi, nyuma baza kujya kumufungira mu kigo cy’inzererezi cyitwa Transit Center ya Mushubati, mu Murenge wa Muhanga, kugeza n’uyu munsi. Nta kindi ashinjwa, uretse kuvuga ngo babona abayeho neza kandi nta kazi agira. Nyamara bibagiwe ko yamaze imyaka myinshi atwara imodoka y’Ibitaro bya Kabutare muri Huye.
Gufatwa k’uyu mugabo byaturutse kuri Mudugudu kuko yatanze amakuru ko ajya mu kabari akigurira inzoga, yajya kwitaba telefoni, akitarura abandi, kandi nta kandi kazi afite. Raporo yatanze yavugaga ko agura agafuka k’umuceri ka 25 Kg, kagura 30,000 FRW, akanagura n’akajerekani ka 3 L z’amavuta kagura 10,800FRW n’ibindi byinshi utarondora, kandi ngo babona abyukira mu rugo, nta kandi kazi agira, bagakeka rero ko afite abantu bamuha amafaranga. Iyi raporo rero niyo yashingiweho na Polisi iramufunga, none ahezemo.
Iki kibazo ntakihariye. Iyo babona umuturage bakenesheje, bakamwima akazi, bakamusenyera cyangwa bakamutwarira imitungo, nyamara bakabona adasabiriza, batangira kumushyiraho ingenza, ngo barebe aho akura ibimutunga. None se Banyarwanda kubaho neza bitwaye iki FPR? Uwakeneshejwe yakwishima ate?
Mu kwanzura ubu busesenguzi rero twavuga ko Leta ya FPR yafashe hasi no hejuru mu gutuma batabaho bishimye. Niba Leta icunda ay’ikoba abaturage, bagahora bayipfukamiye nta kuntu babaho bishimye. Birababaje kubona ubutegetsi bwa Kagame buhora bushotora abaturage, nk’uko byagendekeye abamotari bari bitunze, bwacya bati: “Nimukoreshe mubazi, tujye tubakata 10%”. Ubwo se bakwishima bate? Abayisilamu babujijwe guhamagara abayoboke bayo (gutora adhan) kandi bikorwa ku isi yose bakwishima bate? Abakora hagahembwa abandi bakwishima bate? Abakorerwa akarengane, abakwa ruswa, abacuruzwa, n’abakeneshwa ku bushake bakwishima bate? Aha rero niho dusaba buri wese ngo ahumuke amenye ibyo FPR idukorera. Nta wundi uteze kuzavuga akababaro k’Abanyarwanda kurusha bo ubwabo. Niduhaguruke!
Nema Ange