Yanditswe na Uwamwezi Cecile
Kuva ku itariki ya 8 Mata 2022, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RD Congo), yakiriwe bidasubirwaho n’ibihugu-binyamuryango by’Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC). Gusa impungenge ni zose haba ku banyekongo ubwabo, ndetse n’abandi basanzwe muri uyu muryango. Bamwe baribaza bati: « Ese si uburyo bwo kugira umwanya mwiza wo gusahura iki gihugu kinini kandi gikize mu mutungo kamere (ressources naturelles) ? » Abandi bati : « Ese iki gihugu cyazahajwe n’intambara z’urudaca ziterwa n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo ikomoka mu bihugu bisanzwe muri EAC, aho noneho ntikigiye kuba isibaniro kurushaho ? » Hari n’ababibonamo inyungu za politiki kurenza iz’ubuhahirane. Naho abandi bakazita iz’udutsiko tuyoboye ibihugu kurenza uko zaba inyungu z’abaturage bamaze kugera kuri 300,000,000 batuye muri ibi bihugu bimaze kuba birindwi (7) muri EAC.
Ibi bibazo rero kimwe n’ibindi byibazwa nibyo byatumye Abaryankuna bakora ubu busesenguzi, kugira ngo turebere hamwe mu by’ukuri inyungu zizava muri uyu mugambi wabanje kugirwa ubwiru wo kwinjiza RD Congo muri EAC. Turanaboneraho kubasesengurira impungenge zifitwe n’abantu batandukanye muri EAC.
Kuva ku itariki Perezida wa RD Congo, Félix Tshisekedi, yashyiraga umukono ku masezerano yinjiza ku mugaragaro igihugu cye muri EAC, cyahise kiba igihugu cya 7 gifite uburenganzira bungana n’ubw’ibindi 6 biwusanzwemo. Uyu muryango washinzwe bwa mbere mu 1967, ugizwe n’ibihugu bitatu aribyo Uganda, Tanzania na Kenya, ariko uza gusenyuka, nyuma y’imyaka 10 gusa, mu 1977, bitewe n’intambara Idi Amin Dada, wategekaga Uganda, yagabye kuri Tanzania ndetse aza no kuyitsindwa, umuryango usenyuka utyo.
Byategereje imyaka 22 yose kugira ngo ibi bihugu byongere bigire ubushake bwo kubyutsa uyu muryango, maze mu 1999, Uganda, Tanzania na Kenya byongera kuvugurura amasezerano yo gushinga EAC, ahanini bigamije guhuza imbaraga kugira bishobore kugira bimwe mu bibazo bihuriyeho byikemurira ubwabyo.
Mu mwaka wa 2007, ku itariki ya 01 Nyakanga, nibwo u Burundi n’u Rwanda byemerewe kwinjira muri uyu muryango, ibihugu-binyamuryango biba bibaye 5, nyuma, mu 2016, Sudan y’Epfo nayo yemerewe kwinjira muri uyu muryango, ibihugu biba bibaye 6, none nyuma y’imyaka 6, EAC yungutse igihugu kinini kurusha ibisanzwemo, bituma abaturage bo muri uyu muryango bagera ku 300,000,000 bakaba isoko rinini bigaragara, kandi ryitezweho byinshi, rifite icyo rivuze mu buhahirane bw’ibi bihugu-binyamuryango uko ari 7.
Uretse koroherezanya mu ngendo zidasaba visa no mu bucuruzi, abacuruzi bambukiranya imipaka biteguye kugabanyirizwa imisoro n’amahoro ya za gasutamo. Ibi rero nibyo byareheje igihugu cya RD Congo gisanzwe gihana imbibi n’ibihugu 4 byo muri EAC ari byo u Rwanda, u Burundi, Uganda na Tanzania. Mu gihe RD Congo yakirwaga muri EAC, Perezida Tshisekedi yagaragazaga ibyishimo mu maso kuko yumvaga atsinze igitego cyananiye abo yasimbuye ku butegetsi. Hari mu nama ya 19 ya EAC, yari yatumiwemo ngo we n’igihugu cye babakire ku mugaragaro, i Nairobi muri Kenya.
Mu ijambo rye Perezida Tshisekedi yagize ati : « Munkundire mbashimire cyane uburyo mwakiranye igishyika igihugu cyanjye na njye ubwange mu muryango wa EAC. Turizera kungukira mu bijyanye n’ubuhahirane twegereza abanyagihugu ibicuruzwa biciye ku mipaka dusangiye. Sinshidikanya ko ubutunzi n’iterambere nabyo biziyongera, kubera ko isoko ribaye rinini mu karere. Ariko ibi byose ntibyakunda mu gihe hatabayeho amahoro n’umutekano, cyane cyane iwacu mu burasirazuba, hacyugarijwe n’imitwe yitwara gisirikare.
Iyi rero ni impuruza kuri twese uko turi muri uyu muryango, ngo dufatikanye, hajyeho urwego rushinzwe ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, mu buryo bunoze kandi bwungukira buri wese. Uru rwego ruzagira icyicaro muri RD Congo kuko uyu mutungo kamere uhari ku bwinshi. Twizeye kandi ko tuzungukira mu kugabanyirizwa imisoro n’amahoro ku byambu bya Mombasa muri Kenya na Dar- Es-Salaam muri Tanzania. Ibi bizatuma n’ibiciro bigabanuka ».
Perezida wa Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta, ari nawe uyobora inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize EAC muri iki gihe yahaye ikaze umunyamuryango mushya, amwizeza ubufatanye muri byose, mu izina rya bagenzi be. Yagize ati : « Ndagushimiye kuri iyi ntambwe idasanzwe ugejejeho igihugu cyawe cya RD Congo, ukaba ubashije kucyinjiza muri EAC. Guhera uyu munsi abaturage barenga miliyoni 300 bagiye kuba umwe, bahahiranire, bafashanye mu iterambere. Ubu tubaye umwe. Nicyo gituma twifuza akarere gatekanye, katarangwamo imvururu n’imirwano, kuko bibangamira abatuye ibi bihugu bigize EAC byose. Tuzashimangire ku mubano mwiza n’imigenderanire hagati y’ibihugu bigize EAC kugira ngo duhashye buri wese ushaka guhungabanya umutekano.
Dufite ingamba zidasanzwe zo gushyira ibintu byose mu buryo nk’abayobozi beza, kuko tubwirizwa kureba kure. Mu izina rya bagenzi banjye ndagushimiye, kandi duhaye ikaze Abakongomani mu muryango wa EAC, cyane ko twari dusangiye byinshi. Tugiye gukomeza dushyire hamwe kugira ngo twuse ikivi twatangiye kugira ngo umuryango wa EAC ukomeze utere imbere bigaragarira buri wese. Kuza kwa RD Congo muri EAC byari bikenewe cyane kuko twifuza kubaka umuhanda wa gari ya moshi muremure, uzava mu Burasirazuba ukagera mu Burengerazuba, uciye muri Congo ».
Bamwe mu banyagihugu b’i Bukavu muri RDC barashima ko igihugu cyabo cyinjiye muri EAC, ariko bakagaragaza impungenge. Umwe mu bahatuye yagize ati: « Twizeye ko hazabaho kuvana ibicuruzwa mu gihugu kimwe bijyanwa mu kindi mu bigize uyu muryango bitatswe imisoro n’amahoro, kandi abatuye ibi bihugu bakabasha gusurana batagombye gusaba visa. Twizeye kandi ko bizagira akarusho ku mutekano kuko ibihugu byose bizadufasha gutsinsura imitwe yitwaje intwaro yayogoje aka karere. Abasirikare b’ibyo bihugu bigeze kuza kudufasha ariko ntabwo ikibazo cyakemutse burundu, n’ubu iyo mitwe iracyahungabanya umutekano. Ariko ubo noneho ubwo twinjiye muri EAC, turizera ko hazaba akarusho kanini. Natwe rero dusabwa gukura amaboko mu mufuka, tugakora cyane kugira ngo tubone ibyo twohereza muri ibyo bihugu. Tugwize akazi n’ibyo twohereza mu mahanga nibwo tuzagira aho twungukira. Atari ibyo ntacyo twakungukira muri uyu muryango. Leta ikwiye kubidufashamo ntibigume gusa mu magambo. Mu mizo ya mbere bizatugora ariko tuzagenda tumenyera kuko n’abandi barunguka iyo bagiye hamwe».
Ibigo byigenga muri Congo nabyo birashima ko igihugu cyabo cyinjiye muri EAC, imiryango ikaba yarafunguwe, ariko bagakebura Congo ko ikwiye kutaryama ngo isinzire, ahubwo igashishikariza abanyagihugu bayo guhaguruka bagahangana ku byo bohereza ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Chantal Faida ahagarariye Ishyirahamwe riharanira Ubuyobozi bwiza n’Iterambere, yabwiye ikinyamakuru Volcan News ati: « Navuga ko ari byiza kwinjira mu muryango wagutse nka EAC, kuko urakomeye muri Afurika. Erega n’ubundi twari tumeze nk’aho turi umwe, n’ubwo tutari mu muryango uduhuza. Kuba dusangiye imipaka n’ibihugu 4 bya EAC. Birumvikana ko twari dusanzwe tugenderanira.
Ibyo tuzahungukira bishobora kuruta guhomba, haba mu butunzi no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa biciye ku byambu bya Mombasa na Dar-Es-Salaam. Ubu ntituzishyura imisoro n’amahoro by’umurengera byajyaga bituma ibiciro bizamuka.
Abava mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo barabyumva cyane, kuko bazajya bajya mu bihugu bakoresheje indangamuntu gusa, abajya guhaha bajyeyo nta nkomyi, n’abiga mu bindi bihugu boroherezwe. Mbere twishyuraga $ 50 ya visa yo kwinjira muri Kenya na Uganda, ariko ubu azavaho. Ni inyungu kuri twe, kuko tuzabona na passeport ya EAC. Ariko mfite impungenge ko kwinjira muri EAC bizaba intandaro yo gusahura umutungo kamere wa Congo nk’uko byagiye bikorwa mu myaka yatambutse, kandi ababikoraga barazwi ntaho bagiye».
Ibi bitekerezo kandi abisangiye na Dieudonné Bashirahishize, umunyamategeko ukurikiranira hafi umuryango wa EAC, ndetse yabaye uwungirije Umuyobozi w’Umuryango w’Ababuranira abandi mu Nkiko muri aka karere ka EAC witwa “East Africa Law Society”. Nawe rero abona ko hari byinshi bikwiye guhinduka kugira ngo uyu muryango uve hamwe ugere ahandi. Yagize ati: «Kwinjira kwa RD Congo muri EAC ni ikintu cyiza kuko iki gihugu gifite ubutunzi mu bijyanye n’umutungo kamere w’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi bidukikije bitandukanye, ariko kandi ubundi butunzi iki gihugu kizanye muri EAC ni abantu. Miliyoni 107 z’Abanyekongo ni umubare ufite icyo uvuze ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ikiyongeraho uyu muryango ugiye kwaguka kuko uzaba ku nyanja ebyiri, Inyanja y’Abahinde n’iy’Atlantique. Iyo akarere rero kagutse ubucuruzi nabwo butera imbere. Gusa usanga kuba ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bifite intumbero (visions) zitandukanye, usanga bitawugeza kure. Ibi bidakosowe ngo ndetse no kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo bishyirwemo ingufu, ntacyo ubu bufatanye bwageraho. Urebye na none ikibazo cy’impunzi z’Abarundi kuva mu 2015, usanga ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bitakivugaho rumwe, ku buryo kititaweho cyanawusenya, kubera inyungu zitandukanye z’ibihugu. Nta wabura kugira amakenga kuko hatabayeho ko ibihugu byose bigira intumbero imwe, hareke kugira ikibangamira inyungu z’ikindi, kuza kwa RDC ntacyo byaba bimaze. Izi ngufu nshya zije zahita ziba imfabusa ».
Bashirahishize kandi asanga kuba RD Congo ifite umutungo kamere utagira ingano ariko ntibiyibuze gukena, mu gihe idahuje intumbero n’ibindi bihugu ngo bisigasire indangagaciro za EAC, ntacyo byayimarira yo ubwayo, ntihagire n’ikindi gihugu kiyikuraho inyungu izo ari zo zose. Asanga none intambwe yatewe ari nziza ariko idahagize kugira ngo abaturage bose babashe gusangira ibyiza byose bashobora kuzanirwa na EAC.
Ku bandi bafite za kaminuza basanga kwinjira kwa Congo muri EAC bizazana inyungu nini mu burezi kuko iki gihugu gisanzwe gikoresha Igifaransa, bikaba bigiye kongera abagikoresha cyane ko mu Burundi basanzwe bagikoresha, u Rwanda na Uganda nabo bakaba bagenda bacyongerera ingufu kuko cyashyizwe mu ndimi zikoreshwa muri EAC, hamwe n’Icyongereza n’Igiswahiri.
Evariste Ngayimpenda yigisha muri za kaminuza, akaba n’Umuyobozi wa Université du Lac Tanganyika, yabwiye Ijwi ry’Amerika ati: «Iyinjizwa rya Congo muri EAC rizatuma ibihugu bikoresha igifaransa biba bibiri, hanyuma n’abantu bahuriye ku Gifaransa bazamuke mu mibare kuko uko byari bimeze. Ibi rero bizahindura ibintu byinshi cyane, kuko mbere wasangaga Abarundi bitabira inama za EAC, bagahura n’imbogamizi zo gutanga ibitekerezo kubera ururimi rw’Icyongereza rwabagoraga. Icya kabiri, mu nyigisho zacu badutegeka gukoresha Igiswahili, ariko mu gihe twaba twemerewe gukoresha Igifaransa n’Icyongereza, byadufasha gutanga uburezi bufite ireme kurushaho. Impungenge mfite ni uko uzasanga ibindi bihugu bikikije RD Congo bishobora kubyungukiramo kuyirusha kuko byo bizaba biherereye hagati bitume urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa rudakora ingendo ndende. Ku bijyanye n’imigenderanire hagati y’amakaminuza cyane aherereye mu Ntara za Kivu zombi, umubano nta kabuza uzarushaho kwiyongera. Ariko ibyo byose ntacyo byamara mu gihe ibihugu bikikije Congo birimo kuyiteza umutekano mucye kubera imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo ADF irwanya Uganda, FDLR irwanya u Rwanda na RED TABARA irwanya u Burundi. Mu gihe rero ibi bihugu byakomeza kohereza ingabo muri Congo zitwaje kurwanya iyi mitwe, zagerayo zikisahurira umutungo kamere, ntacyo Congo yakungukiramo, ahubwo byaba bibi kurushaho. Gutekereza ko ingabo za EAC zakemura iki kibazo nabyo ni ukwibeshya kuko n’ubundi zaba zikomoka muri bya bihugu nabyo bitabanye neza cyane».
Umuryango wa EAC ugizwe n’inkingi enye (4), ari zo: (1) Gukuraho imisoro n’amahoro (Union douanière) byemejwe mu 2005; (2) Isoko rusange (Marché commun), ryemejwe mu 2010; (3) Ifaranga rimwe (Union monétaire), itarakunda kugeza n’uyu munsi; hamwe na, (4) Leta zunze Ubumwe za EAC (Fédération politique), aho ibihugu byose bizategekwa n’umuperezida umwe, nk’uko bimeze muri Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Gusa iyo urebye uko ibintu bimeze uyu munsi usanga intambwe yatewe itaraba ndende. Usanga hari abacuruzi bijujuta bavuga ko barihishwa imisoro n’amahoro by’umurengera cyangwa abanyagihugu ntiboroherezwe gutambuka ku mipaka bakoresheje indangamuntu, ahubwo bagasabwa visa. Ibi ni ibikubiye muri raporo y’abagize Inteko ishinga Amategeko ya EAC (EALA-East African Legislative Assembly), yakozwe nyuma yo kuganira n’abanyagihugu mu bihugu bitandukanye bigize EAC, mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2021. Igihugu gitungwa agatoki cyane mu kudindiza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ya EAC ni Tanzania. Perezida wayo Samia Suluhu Hassan, mu nama iheruka, yavuze ko ubuyobozi bwe bwihaye intumbero yo gukuraho izo nzitizi zose, cyane cyane ko n’icyicaro gikuru cy’uyu muryango kiri Arusha mu gihugu cye. Avuga ko bazafatanya n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa EAC kugira ngo izi nzitizi zose ziveho.
Uganda ivuga ko izi ntambamyi zitari zikwiye kubaho, ndetse Perezida Yoweri Kaguta Museveni akavuga ko ibi bihugu bisangiye byinshi birimo umuco, ku buryo gukomeza kudindiza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ya EAC bidakwiye. Mu rwenya rwinshi Perezida Museveni yagize ati: «Mureke mbasetse. Erega n’ubundi turi bamwe. Perezida Kagame agiye i Rutshuru agakoresha inama abanyagihugu b’Abakongomani bahatuye, bamukurikira bamwumva neza cyane kuko ururimi avuga bararwumva. Nanjye ngiye nk’i Bunia nasanga abaturage baho tuvuga ururimi rumwe. Ni nk’iwacu. Uhuru Kenyata nawe agiye i Walikare yasanga bumvikana neza mu Giswahili. Murumva ko ntacyo twapfa kuko ibyo dusangiye ni byo byinshi. Ni ukuri dukureho inzitizi abaturage bacu babashe kugenderanira nta nkomyi. Turacyasinziriye mbisubiyemo. Kwiyunga no gushyira hamwe ni byiza cyane. Abakongomani tubahaye ikaze muri EAC, biyumve nk’abari iwabo».
Prosper Bazombanza wari uhagarariye u Burundi, akaba na Visi-Perezida wabwo, we yongeye kwibutsa ko bikwiye ko uyu muryango ufatana mu nda, ugahashyiriza hamwe abagizi ba nabi, bagikomeje kugaragara mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo. Yaboneyeho kandi kongera guhamagarira impunzi z’Abarundi, zirenga 227,000, zikiri hirya no hino muri ibi bihugu bya EAC, ko zataha zikajya gufatanya n’abandi barundi kubaka igihugu cyabo. Yagize ati: « Ni ngombwa ko twese duhagurukira rimwe tukarwanya iterabwoba, ubwicanyi ndengamipaka n’ibindi. Tuzakomeza dukorere hamwe n’uyu mushyitsi mushya muri EAC, ariwe Congo. Twebwe ubu iwacu ni amahoro, ni cyo gituma duhamagarira Abarundi basigaye mu buhungiro mu bihugu bya EAC dusangiye, kugaruka mu gihugu cy’amavuko, mu miryango yabo, kugira ngo dusangire gutanga umuganda mu kubaka igihugu cyacu n’akarere muri rusange».
Ikindi kidindiza iterambere ry’umuryango wa EAC ni indyane z’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, nk’uko byemezwa n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wayo. Yibukije ko n’ubwo umubano hagati y’u Rwanda na Uganda ugenda umera neza kubera ingufu zashyizwemo na Lt. Gen. Kainerugaba Muhoozi, imipaka yari imaze imyaka ine ifunzwe, nta bucuruzi bukorwa hagati y’ibihugu byombi, ubu bahangayikishijwe n’uko imipaka hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi imaze imyaka irenga 7 ifunzwe, kandi ugasanga impande bireba ntacyo bizibwiye.
Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa EAC, Peter Matuki, avuga ko uyu mwiryane uri ku isonga mu gusubiza inyuma iterambere rya EAC. Uruhande rwa Congo narwo rushinja Uganda, u Rwanda n’u Burundi kuba hari abarwanyi baturuka muri ibyo bihugu bagahungabanya umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwayo. Aha niho Chantal Faida asaba ko byahinduka. Yagize ati: «Reba intambara mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo harimo ukuboko kw’abanyamahanga. Abanyagihugu barahunga, abandi bakicwa. Turifuza ko byahagarara. Hakabaho gukorera hamwe, tukagishanya inama iyi mitwe igatsinsurwa. Umutekano muke ku gihugu kimwe uhungabanya ibindi nk’uko iyo urutoki rumwe rurwaye, akaboko kose kababara.
Nk’uko ineza iturutse hamwe ikwira hose ni ko no gufatanya byagira umumaro, aho gutekereza gusa kwiba zahabu za Congo n’andi mabuye y’agaciro aboneka muri kariya gace. Hariho ibihugu by’ibituranyi bifite inganda zitunganya zahabu kandi ntayo bicukura. Zose ziva iwacu. Aha rero turashaka ko Leta yacu irushaho kuba maso ikarwanya abo bajura». Igisirikare cy’u Burundi gihakana ibirego bya Congo, kikavuga ko nta gikorwa na kimwe cya gisirikare bakorera mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo. Ngo nta gisobanuro na kimwe babona cyo kujya mu kindi gihugu badafitanye amasezerano. Minisitiri w’Ingabo mu Burundi, Tribert Mutabazi, yagize ati: «Natwe ibyo byo kuvuga ngo dufite ingabo muri Congo tubisoma ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa tukabyumva ku maradiyo akorera mu mahanga ya kure. Gusa twe aho duhagaze n’uko nta musirikare w’u Burundi woherejwe n’igisirikare kujya kurwana muri RD Congo. Nta n’impamvu tubona uyu munsi yatuma tujyayo.
Dufite RED TABARA irwanya igihugu cyacu, ariko dufite imikoranire myiza n’igisirikare cya Congo. Impande zombi zirahura zikiga ku bibazo bihari, rero nta mpamvu yo kujya kurwana mu kindi gihugu. Mu gihe twajyayo byaba binyuze mu nzira z’amategeko ashingiye ku mubano w’ibihugu bibiri, twe ntabwo twakwitwikira ijoro ngo tujyeyo. Twajyayo ku bw’amasezerano, kandi twagenda habona». Gusa n’ubwo avuga ibi amashyirahamwe ategamiye kuri Leta yabwiye Ijwi ry’Amerika ko yiboneye abasirikare b’u Burundi muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo kandi bakaba bateye ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano wo muri aka gace kose.
Joël Namunene, uhagarariye Amashyirahamwe yigenga ashinzwe Amahoro n’Iterambere yavuze yiboneye abasirikare b’Abarundi bari mu ntambara na RED TABARA irwanya Leta ya Gitega. Yagize ati: «Twabonye abasirikare benshi b’Abarundi barwana na RED-TABARA ku butaka bwa Congo, mu gace kitwa Masango, abaturage barahunga bajya mu misozi ya Uvira». Aba basirikare b’Abarundi bakiza ngo bahumurije abaturage ba Uvira, bababwira ko ikibazanye atari ukurwanya Abanyekongo cyangwa Mayi Mayi, ko uwo bashaka ari umurwanyi wa RED-TABARA. Namunene asaba abaturage ba Congo kudahirahira ngo bivange mu ntambara z’Abarundi.
Mu kwanzura ubu busesenguzi twabakoreye, twababwira ko ikibabaje muri ibi byose, ari uko iyi nama yari ingirakamaro ku mutekano w’Akarere kose, Perezida Kagame atayitabiriye yitwaje ingamba zo kwirinda Covid-19, yewe nta n’intumwa yoherejeyo, ahubwo twamubonye arimo kwiganirira na “cheetah” muri Zambia, ahava akomereza Congo Brazzaville, ahava yigira mu Birwa bya Jamaica na Barbados, akubutseyo yinyurira i Dakar muri Sénégal, nk’aho ntacyo umutekano w’aka karere umubwiye habe na busa.
Ubundi se wamubwira iki ari we wa mbere mu kuwuhungabanya? Ninde uyobewe ko ingabo ze zitahwemye gutera no gusahura amabuye y’agaciro muri Congo, aho rwigamba ngo rwabaye urwa mbere mu kohereza mu mahanga coltan, cassiterite, Wolfram na Zahabu ku isi yose nyamara nta birombe bihagije rufite, n’ibihari bigikora mu buryo bwa gakondo (traditional mining exploitation), kandi bizwi ko ubu buryo budashobora kugira umusaruro mwinshi gutyo hadakoreshwa ubucukuzi bugezweho (modern mining exploitation)?
Birababaje kandi biteye agahinda kuba abana b’u Rwanda bashorwa mu ntambara badafitemo inyungu, ahubwo abazungukiramo ari agatsiko gato cyane kagizwe n’abambari ba FPR b’imbere. Ibi se Abanyarwanda bazabyihanganira kugeza ryari? Ni uko se Abanyarwanda batazi kwivugira cyangwa ni ugutinya gupfa? Ibyo ari byo byose Abanyarwanda bakwiye guhaguruka bakamagana akarengane kabone n’iyo babizira.
Uwamwezi Cecile