Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Duherutse kumva Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) yitotomba mu itangazamakuru avuga ko hari abana barangiza kwiga amashuri yisumbuye batazi gusoma no kwandika Ikinyarwanda. Byatumye bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko kuba ireme ry’uburezi ryarapfapfanye cyane nyuma ya 1994, kuva FPR yafata ubutegetsi, kandi nta kabuza si impanuka ahubwo biri mu migambi yayo, kuko iyo itica ireme ry’uburezi ku bushake, ntabwo Abanyarwanda baba bahura n’ingaruka zamaze kubageraho. Iki kiganiro rero tugiteguye kugira ngo turebere hamwe zimwe mu ngaruka twatejwe na FPR.
Abandi basesenguzi ntibabona uburezi mu isura yo gukinishwa na FPR-Inkotanyi, ahubwo babubona mu isura yo kwirengangizwa, atari uko bayobewe ubwiza bwabwo, cyane cyane ko mu migambi yayo harimo guheza Abanyarwanda mu bujiji, nyamara abana babo bakoherezwa mu bihugu byateye imbere, bakaminurizayo, kugira ngo bazaze gusimbura ababyeyi babo mu gukomeza gutsikamira rubanda rw’Abanyarwanda.
Kwirengagiza uburezi bifite impamvu nyinshi kuri FPR n’agatsiko kayo. Mu bindi bihugu hirya no hino ku isi, Minisiteri y’Uburezi ni Minisiteri yubahwa cyane, ariko ku butegetsi bwa FPR hagaragaye kutabuha agaciro, ahubwo bugakerenswa ku bushake, ku mpamvu ebyiri z’ingenzi. FPR ifite ibintu bibiri itinya kurusha ibindi byose: (1) FPR itinya abantu bize mbese bajijutse; (2) FPR itinya abantu bakize. Izi nizo mpamvu ebyiri nyamukuru zatumye FPR yirengagiza ireme ry’uburezi kuko yumvaga abaturage bajijutse batazabura gukira, bigatuma badakomeza kuyipfukamira. Biragoye cyane kuyobora buhumyi umuturage wize cyangwa ukize bikaba ari yo mpamvu FPR ibyanga urunuka, ikanatinya gutegeka abaturage bibeshejeho. Iyo ubirebye neza usanga umuntu witunze ntacyo aba yingingamo ubutegetsi bw’igitugu. Gusa ku rundi ruhande umuntu utitunze ahora apfukamiye ubutegetsi bukamuganisha aho bushaka hose n’iyo haba ari habi.
Inyungu iva mu burezi bwapfapfanye
Mu busesenguzi twakoze twasanze nta nyungu n’imwe Abanyarwanda bakura ku burezi bupfapfana, ariko ni inyungu ikomeye ku ishyaka riri ku butegetsi kuko nta wahirahira kurivuguruza kabone n’iyo ryafata imyanzuro idahwitse. Biragoye cyane kuba abaturage batize bashobora kwibohora ku ishyaka ribategekesha igitugu. Kuba abaturage batarize kandi bakennye bishobora gutuma FPR ibategeka igihe kinini ntacyo yikanga.
Iki rero ni igihombo gikomeye ku gihugu kuko kugira abaturage bajijutse bituma biteza imbere n’igihugu kigatera imbere muri rusange. Bivuze ko bigoye ko u Rwanda rwatera imbere, rukigeza ku ntera ibihugu byo mu karere byigejejeho aho usanga inganda zikomeye, uburezi bufite ireme, ubuvuzi bufatika n’ibindi byinshi. Niba tudafite abantu bize nta terambere twakwitega haba uyu munsi no mu gihe kizaza. Aha rero niho haha amahirwe FPR yo kuba yamara igihe kinini ku butegetsi, kuko ntawe uba ashobora kuyivuguruza.
FPR yishe ireme ry’uburezi ibizi neza kugira ngo ikomeze gukandamiza abaturage bahore bayipfukamiye. Umuturage wahejejwe mu bujiji ntabura gukena, bigatuma ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rikomeza kumutegekesha igitugu. Hari bamwe batekereza ko ubujiji butera ubukene abandi bakavuga ko ubukene butera ubujiji. Iki rero ni ikibazo nko kumenya hagati y’inkoko n’igi icyabyaye ikindi, gusa icyo tuzi neza ni uko kimwe gitera ikindi.
Ingaruka zo kwangirika kw’ireme ry’uburezi
Ireme ry’uburezi ryangijwe ku bushake na FPR rifite ingaruka nyinshi cyane ndetse zimwe zatangiye kwigaragaza. Mu nzego zose z’uburezi hagaragara ikibazo cy’abakozi. Mu burezi ubwabwo uzasanga abarimu bava muri Kenya, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Tanzania, Ubuhinde n’ahandi, mu gihe u Rwanda rutihagije na busa. Niba se igihugu kidafite abarimu b’inzobere, ireme ry’uburezi ryava hehe? Abahari se bo bahembwa intica ntikize bazamura ireme ry’uburezi biciye mu yihe nzira?
Mu buvuzi naho si shyashya kuko usanga abaganga bo mu Rwanda bavura indwara zoroheje nka malaria n’impiswi ariko byagera ku ndwara z’ibikatu nk’izifata inyama zo mu nda nk’impyiko, umwijima, igifu, umutima n’izindi bigasaba umurwayi kujya kwivuriza mu bindi bihugu, byakubitana na bwa bukene bwabaye akarande, umurwayi agapfa kuko nta bundi bwinyagamburiro aba afite, byose bitewe na FPR itsikamiye abaturage.
Kuba abarwayi bajya kwivuriza mu mahanga bituma igihugu kihatakariza ubushobozi ndetse abenshi bagahitanwa n’indwara bitewe no kudashobora kuzivuza muri ayo mahanga. Mu gihe isi igenda ihinduka nk’umudugudu, ibihugu byinshi bisabwa gufatanya kugira ngo bitere imbere, ariko u Rwanda ruhora rumeze nk’ururi mu kato kuko ireme ry’uburezi ryangiritse bikomeye. Dufashe nk’urugero rwa East African Community, nyuma y’aho ihurije hamwe isoko ry’akazi, usanga abatuye mu bindi bihugu biyigize babona akazi mu Rwanda ariko nta munyarwanda ubijyamo ngo abone akazi keza kuko akenshi aba yarigishijwe ibitajyanye n’isoko ry’akazi. Umwana akitwa ngo arangije amashuri ariko adashobora guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo.
Ingaruka zo mu gihe kizaza ni ugukomeza gusigara inyuma, iterambere tukarirebera i Kigali gusa nyamara warenga inkengero zayo ugakubitana n’abaturage babara ubukeye, bwacya bakabona ko butari bwire kuko ubuzima bwabo buba bushingiye ku marenzamunsi nayo adafatika kubera ubukene n’ubumenyi buke.
Uretse gukubura imihanda ya Kigali no gusiga amarangi ku mazu, iyo usohotse umujyi ho gatoya uhasanga abaturage barwaye amavunja, baba mu nzu zenda kubagwaho, bashonje ku buryo bugaragara, batagira ubwiherero, bakituma ku gasozi, nibyo bikwereka ishusho nyayo y’uko igihugu ntaho kiva, ntaho kigana.
Ibi byose rero bizakomeza kugenda byiyongera, mu gihe abaturage bakomeje guhezwa mu bujiji n’ubukene, biturutse ku burezi budatanga amahirwe yo guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo. Ubundi mu bihugu byateye imbere uburezi ni inkingi ya mwamba ibindi byose byubakiraho, ariko siko bimeze ku butegetsi bwa FPR, kuko itifuza injijuke n’abakire kugira ngo buri wese ukandamijwe ahore ayikesha amaramuko. Ku misozi yose uhasanga abaturage bahora baririmba ngo Kagame yabahaye ibi n’ibi ariko washaka iterambere rirambye ukaribura. Uburezi bwagombye kuba ubushishozi bw’ejo hazaza ku gihugu ariko FPR yabwishe ku bushake.
Abize neza bakabasha kubona ubumenyi butandukanye nibo bavamo abaganga, abarimu, abubatsi, abayobozi n’indi mirimo myinshi yatuma u Rwanda rwizera iterambere rirambye, nyamara ruzahora rwishingikirije ubumenyi bw’abanyamahanga mu gihe rwo nta reme ry’uburezi ruharanira, ahubwo rugatsemba n’abize. Igihugu ntigishobora gutera imbere kidafite abagikorera igenamigambi, ahubwo kirushaho gutera inyuma.
Indi ngaruka inakomeye kurusha izindi ni uko u Rwanda ruzakomeza gutegekeshwa igitugu rudafite ubushobozi bwo kukivanaho. Biragoye ko umuturage urya, akiyubakira akazu cyangwa akajyana umwana we mu ishuri ari uko agombye gusabiriza ubutegetsi, none ngo yabwivumburaho ku gitugu bumushyiraho? Ntibishoboka! Iyi niyo ngaruka mbi cyane kuko mu gihe hirya no hino ubona abaturage bagira ijambo ku bibakorerwa, bagatanga ibitekerezo byabo ndetse bakagaragaza uko bifuza kuyoborwa, mu Rwanda ho biracyari inzozi, kuko n’ugerageje kuvuga ibitagenda ahita yicwa cyangwa akajugunywa muri gereza.
Birumvikana ko abana barangiza amashuri batazi gusoma no kwandika Ikinyarwanda ntacyo wabitegaho mu zindi ndimi cyangwa ubundi bumenyi. Byose kandi ugasanga byagizwemo uruhare n’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ridakozwa na rimwe gushakisha ingamba zo kuvugurura imyigire n’imyigishirize. Ingaruka rero ni icuraburindi ryateguwe.
Byapfiriye he?
Kuva mu 1994, Minisiteri y’Uburezi niyo imaze guhindurirwa abaminisitiri inshuro nyinshi kandi buri wese uje akazana ibye, bitagize icyo bimariye ireme ry’uburezi. Abenshi muri aba baminisitiri baba ari abadogiteri baminuje mu mahanga, ariko gushyira mu ngiro ibyo bize, bikazitirwa na politiki mbi ya FPR, ishaka guheza abantu mu bujiji n’ubukene.
Uhereye kuri Dr Joseph Karemera wayoboye MINEDUC kuva mu 1995 kugeza mu 1999, agasimburwa na Emmanuel Mudidi wagejeje mu 2001, hakaza Prof. Romain Murenzi wagejeje mu 2006, Dr Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc wagejeje mu 2008 agasimburwa na Dr Gahakwa Daphrose wagejeje mu 2009, hagakurikiraho Dr Charles Muligande wagejeje mu 2011. Hari kandi Dr Pierre Damien Habumuremyi wagejeje mu 2012, Dr Vincent Biruta wayiyoboye kugeza mu 2015, hakaza Prof. Silas Lwakabamba wagejeje mu 2016, agasimburwa na Dr Papias Musafiri Malimba, wagejeje mu 2017 agasimburwa na Dr Eugène Mutimura wagejeje mu 2019 agasimburwa na Dr Uwamariya Valentine.
Aya yose ni amazina akomeye mu myigire, ariko se ni iki bamaze muri iyi Minisiteri ngo izamure ireme ry’uburezi? Iyo ukoze impuzandengo usanga buri wese yaramaze byibuze imyaka ibiri agahita ahindurwa, bigatuma nta musaruro bose batanze mu kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi.
Hagiye kandi habaho guhindaguranya indimi zigishwamo, bigahutirwaho bitewe n’ubutegetsi bubi bwa FPR, ngaho twaciye Igifaransa kuko hari ibyo tutumvikanyeho n’Ubufaransa, twagera mu Cyongereza ngo
Igifaransa cyagarutse, bigatera muzunga muzunga abarimu n’abanyeshuri, ireme ry’uburezi rikabigenderamo.
Mu 1998, abanyeshuri bo muri Kaminuza bari baravuye i Bugande bivumbuye ku Gifaransa bagana iy’ubuhungiro, abandi bagiye bahindurirwaho indimi n’integanyanyigisho bigatuma barangiza amashuri nta kintu gifatika bajyanye. Abenshi muri aba nibo usanga bahagaze ku mihanda ya Kigali ku manywa byarimba bakishora mu bujura bushukana kugira ngo babashe kubaho. Ahazaza habo se ni ahahe uretse kuzuza za gereza n’ibigo by’inzererezi? Uyu munsi abana bamaze imyaka irenga icumi biga mu Cyongereza, ngo nibige Igifaransa ku kibi no cyiza kuko noneho u Rwanda rubanye neza n’Ubufaransa.
Gusa icyo twavuga aha ngaha ni uko nta kintu na kimwe kigeze gitungura FPR. Uburezi bwirengagijwe ku bushake. Imyandikire y’ibitabo n’amashusho yararimo byagiye nk’ifuni iheze. Mu gusoma imyandiko myinshi nibyo byatumaga abanyeshuri bamenya gusoma no kwandika Ikinyarwanda. Ubu byarapfuye birapfukera, aho usanga kumenya ibihekane bikiri ikibazo kandi gikomeye, cyane iyo bivuzwe n’abafatwa nk’icyitegererezo.
Kuba abana bapfubirana bakiga nabi ururimi gakondo ni inyungu kuri FPR kuko itinya abantu bize, bashobora kugira icyo bimarira, bashobora kwibeshaho batayipfukamiye, kandi ibi si ibya none byatangiye kera ikirwana mu ishyamba aho hari abakubitwaga udufuni bazira gusa ko bize, abandi bakaraswa ku mugaragaro.
Mu kwanzura ubu busesenguzi rero twavuga ko FPR ari akabigira kabizi kuko yahereye kera itinya abize na cyane ko gusaranganya ubutegetsi batabikozwaga. Ndetse n’abacuruzi babafashije bararenze barabaniga barabica babaziza ko babayeho ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana.
Nyuma ya 1994, FPR yangije ireme ry’uburezi ku bushake. Iyi urebye abantu bafungiwe agatsi bazira ko bize, abandi baricwa, abahonotse nabo bakeya bahawe akazi kugira ngo bamenyereze abari bavuye hanze. Kwangiza ireme ry’uburezi byajyanye no gutera ubwoba abize bose kugeza igihe hatazagira n’umwe uvuga. Iyo witegereje abantu bafungiwe mu gereza no mu bigo by’inzererezi, usangamo abarangije za kaminuza n’andi mashuri makuru.
Ibi rero birerekana ko FPR yabikoze ku bushake ndetse n’ikimenyimenyi nta mwana w’abategetsi cyangwa abasirikari bakuru wigira mu mashuri yo mu Rwanda. Uburezi ni ikintu kidahangayikishije FPR kuko aho bipfira irahazi, si uko yananiwe gutegura abarimu bafite ubumenyi bwo gutanga, ahubwo ni uko mu migambi yayo hagomba kubaho igice cy’Abanyarwanda babaho nk’abagashize, abandi bakazabaho iteka ryose bapfukamye.
Kuba higishwa inyigisho zitabasha guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo, ni urugero rworoshye kuko utazabona abana b’abategetsi biga muri za 9-Years-Basic Education na za 12-Years-Basic-Education, ahubwo bazakomeza kwiga mu mashuri yo mu mahanga, ndetse n’abavuga ko bize babaswe n’ubwoba, ku buryo batagira icyo bavuga. Kuba mwarimu ahembwa intica ntikize ntibimukangurira gutanga ubumenyi bufite ireme. Hakiyongeraho guhindaguranya abaminisitiri buri kanya, guhindakuranya intenganyanyigisho n’indimi zigwamo ntibitanga na busa ireme ry’uburezi, bigaragara ko FPR yishe ku bushake kugira ngo ntihazagire utinyuka kuyitunga urutoki, ahubwo bazakomeze kuyipfukamira, nayo irimo kwisahurira igihugu irunda mu mahanga.
Ibi rero biri muri gahunda ndende yo gupyinagaza abaturage kugira ngo n’uwakavuze azahitemo kwicecekera atinya ko yafungwa cyangwa akicwa. Nta cyerekezo kindi rero FPR ifitiye uburezi mu Rwanda uretse kwigwizaho abacakara bazahora bapfukamiye abana babo bakuye uburezi mu bihugu by’amahanga.
Remezo Rodriguez.