Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Kuva igihugu cya Mozambique n’u Rwanda byabaho byari bitaragirana umubano ushingiye kuri za ambassades, ariko mu mugambi wa Kagame wo kwikiza abo yita abanzi be bahungiye muri Mozambique no mu gace iherereyeho k’Afurika y’Amajyepfo, u Rwanda rwohereje Amb. Claude Nikobisanzwe ngo aruhagararire muri icyo gihugu kuva ku wa 16/09/2018.
Nibyatinze, nyuma y’imyaka itatu, ku wa 17/11/2021, Mozambique nayo yohereza Amb. Amade Maquidade ngo ayihagararire mu Rwanda. Kuva icyo gihe hatangiye kumvikana imfu zidasobanutse z’Abanyarwanda bahungiye muri iki gihugu, ariko u Rwanda rukabihakana rwivuye inyuma. Hakurikiyeho ingendo za Perezida Filipe Nyusi w’icyo gihugu mu Rwanda, maze icyazivuyemo kiba kumwoherereza abasirikare n’abapolisi bo kumufasha kurwanya ibyihebe byari byaramunze agace ka Cabo Delgado gakungahaye ku mutungo kamere Ubufaransa bufitemo akaboko.
Mu kwezi kwa Karindwi 2021, Kagame yohereje abasirikare n’abapolisi bagera ku 1000. Uyu mubare wakomeje kwiyongera vuba vuba uhita ugera ku 2000 mu buryo bwihuse, ariko iki gikorwa nticyashimisha ibihugu bituranye na Mozambique byibumbiye muri SADEC, kuko Kagame yihutiye kujyayo bo batananiwe gutabara, ndetse bamwe muri bo batangiye kuvuga ko u Rwanda rufite undi mugambi (agenda caché ) kuri iki gihugu, ariko Kagame abyima amatwi kuko yari azi neza umugambi umujyanye muri icyo gihugu: Gusahura no kwica abo adashaka.
Abanyamakuru bari bavuye muri Mozambique berekeje i Kigali kwitabira CHOGM begereye Amb. Amade Maquidade wa Mozambique bamubaza niba nta bwoba afite ko ingabo za Kagame zoherejwe muri Mozambique zishobora gusahura umutungo w’iki gihugu avuga ko kugeza uyu munsi atarabona ibimenyetso by’uko izi ngabo zisahura.
Yagize ati: «Ingabo z’igihugu cyanjye zagiye muri Zimbabwe gufasha ubutegetsi bwaho kurwanya abazungu kandi nta nyungu zari zikurikiyeho. Zagiye na none gufasha Afurika y’Epfo kwipakurura Apartheid kandi ntizatse ingurane. Sinumva impamvu mwahangayikira ingabo z’u Rwanda». Nyamara uretse kwigiza nkana arabizi ko nta kindi cyazitunga uretse gusahura umutungo w’igihugu. Kagame we yimye amatwi ibyo birego ahubwo kuko ibya Congo ari byo byamumennye umutwe muri ino minsi.
Mu bihamya byatanzwe hari uko FPR yohereje itsinda riturutse muri Banki ya Kigali (BK), ryagiye kwitabira Business Forum muri Mozambique, ku wa 22/05/2022 nk’uko tubikesha Clubofmozambique.com. Iyi banki iyoborwa na Diane Karusisi, ikorana bya hafi na FPR, ku buryo ari nayo iyishyiriraho abayobozi. Iri tsinda kandi ryakiriwe na Amb. Claude Nikobisanzwe, wanabishyize ku rubuga rwe rwa Twitter.
Iki rero ni ikimenyetso simusiga kigaragaza ko FPR yohereje iyi banki kugira ngo izabashe gukusanya imitungo iba yibwe n’izi ngabo z’u Rwanda zoherejwe muri Mozambique, yarangiza igatanga raporo muri FPR, kuko isanzwe iyibira, aho umunyemari uba ufite amafaranga abyuka mu gitondo agasanga amafaranga yari afite kuri konti ye yimuriwe ku ya FPR, yabaza impamvu bakamushakira ibyaha byo kunyereza imisoro ku modoka yaguze muri za 1985, FPR itaravuka, agakeneshwa ubundi akazagwa muri gereza.
Harokoka gusa uwemeye kwiba abaturage ashyira FPR, dore ko ubu noneho ikeneye amafaranga atagira ingano yo kubaka ingoro zayo.
Mbere na mbere iyoherezwa ry’abasirikare ba Kagame muri Mozambique ryari ryaramaganywe na bamwe mubo mu ishyaka rya FRELIMO riri ku butegetsi muri icyo gihugu, akaba ari naryo Perezida Filipe Nyusi akomokamo. Gusa uyu muperezida ntiyabihaye agaciro kuko Kagame yamugiye mu matwi amwereka ikibazo cy’intagondwa nta wundi wagishobora, uretse RDF yarwanye muri Soudan y’Amajyepfo, Centrafrique, RDC n’ahandi.
Mu gihe iki gisirikare cya Kagame kigiye kuhamara umwaka, hari amakuru arimo gucicikana mu binyamakuru ko u Rwanda rurimo gusahura muri Mozambique.
Ambassadeur wa Mozambique mu Rwanda, Amade Maquidade, abajijwe kuri iki kibazo, yavuze ko hakiri kare kugira ngo abantu bagire ubwoba bw’uko abasirikare Kagame yohereje mu gihugu cye bagiye gusahura umutungo w’iki gihugu gikize ku mutungo kamere.
Kuki izi nkuru zo gusahura Mozambique zihari ? Ese byagenze gute kugira ngo ingabo z’u Rwanda zijye gutabara muri Mozambique kandi rutaba muri SADEC ? Ni ibiki abasesenguzi bashingiraho bemeza ko mu byajyanye izi ngabo za Kagame harimo umugambi wo gusahura ? Ibi bibazo ndetse n’ibindi nibyo byatumye, nk’Abaryankuna, twiyemeje gukubitira ikinyoma ahakubuye, tubacukumburira kugira ngo tumenye ikiri inyuma y’aya makuru akomeza guhwihwiswa ko Kagame asahura Mozambique. Ese bifitiwe ibimenyetso?
Mu mwaka wa 2021, nibwo ingabo za Kagame zatangiye kurasana muri Mozambique. Gusa koherezayo izo ngabo ni inkuru yagarutsweho cyane, ntiyavugwaho rumwe. Ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hari abagaragaje ko ari intambwe nziza mu gutabarana no kwishakamo ibisubizo ku bihugu by’Afurika, ariko, ku rundi ruhande, hari abavugaga ko iki gikorwa cyakozwe mu buryo budaciye mu mucyo, kuko hari ibibazo bitabanje gusubizwa, ahubwo bigakorwa huti huti ku nyungu z’umuntu umwe gusa.
Kagame yavuze ko ingabo zayo zagiyeyo ku busabe bwa Mozambique, hanashingirwa ku masezerano menshi ibi bihugu byombi byagiranye rwihishwa, kandi mu gihe gito.
Mu kwezi kwa Karindwi 2018, Perezida Filipe Nyusi, mu rugendo yagiriye i Kigali, hasinywe amasezerano y’ubufatanye, maze mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru, aba bategetsi bombi bavuga ko basinyanye amasezerano atanu (5) arimo ayo koroherezanya mu bucuruzi n’ishoramari, ingendo z’indege, ibijyanye na visas z’abadiplomates, guhana ubumenyi muri science n’ikoranabuhanga n’amahugurwa ndetse no gufungura za ambassades.
Mu by’ukuri ntihigeze havugwa amasezerano yo gutabarana mu bya gisirikare. Ibi byahagurukije abasesenguzi batandukanye maze umwe muri bo Dr Christopher Kayumba, washinze ishyaka RPD ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu Rwanda, avuga ko iby’amasezerano u Rwanda rwasinyanye na Mozambique agendanye no gutabarana bitigeze bivugwa.
Iri shyaka ritaremererwa na FPR ryandikiye Inteko ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda riyibaza niba izi iby’amasezerano yo gutabarana mu bya gisirikare u Rwanda rwasinyanye na Mozambique, anayibaza niba byarasobanuriwe Abanyarwanda. Gusa nta gisubizo yabonye kuko Abadepite bo mu Rwanda badakorera abaturage, ahubwo bakorera Perezida Kagame wabateretse muri iyo myanya, bityo bakaba badashobora kumusaba ibisobanuro ku migambi ye, ahubwo bagomba kwemera ibyo akoze byose nk’abidishyi.
- Amategeko mu Rwanda avuga iki ku bijyanye no kohereza ingabo mu kindi gihugu?
Umunyamategeko Faustin Murangwa avuga ko ubusanzwe amasezerano yo kohererezanya ingabo hagati y’ibihugu ahinduka nk’Itegeko Mpuzamahanga (International Law) cyangwa Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga (International Conventions and Protocols), u Rwanda ruba rugomba kubanza gusinya nyuma akanyuzwa mu Nteko ishinga Amategeko kugira ngo iyemeze (ratification), akabona gutangazwa mu Igazeti ya Leta.
Ariko mu kibazo cya Mozambique, Inteko ishinga Amategeko ya Kagame yamenye ibyo gutabarana no kohererezanya ingabo ibikuye mu itangazamakuru nk’undi munyarwanda wese, kandi siko byagombaga kugenda.
Byatumye BBC isaba ibisobanuro ku iyoherezwa ry’ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique ariko Inteko ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda iraruca irarumira. Yari kuvuga se ku masezerano mpuzamahanga itakoreye ratification ? Yari kuvuga se ko Perezida Kagame yakoze ibinyuranyije n’amategeko, ikarara hehe?
Muri Mozambique naho amashayaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi yanenze icyemezo cya Perezida Filipe Jacinto Nyusi ku cyemezo cyo kwemerera ingabo z’amahanga bitabanje kwemezwa n’Inteko ishinga Amategeko yaho no kumenyeshwa abaturage. Umunsi izi ngabo zigerayo Ossufo Momade, uyobora RENAMO, ishyaka ritavuga rumwe muri Mozambique, yabwiye radio mpuzamahanga y’Abafaransa, RFI, ko kuhagera kw’ingabo z’u Rwanda bitakurikije amategeko. Uyu mugabo yongeyeho ko usibye kuba byaratunguranye, bitanaciye mu Nteko ishinga Amategeko, agasanga rero bitari bikwiye kandi bigomba guhagarikwa mu mizo ya vuba.
2. Kuki twishyura kandi Mozambique ikize kuturusha ?
Iki ni ikibazo cyabajijwe na Dr Christopher Kayumba, ariko kugeza n’uyu munsi aho arimo kuborera muri gereza azira amaherere ntaragisubizwa. Umuvugizi w’Ingabo za Kagame, Col Ronald Rwivanga yabwiye BBC ko u Rwanda ari rwo ruzishyura ikiguzi cyose kizagenda ku ngabo zarwo ziri muri Mozambique.
Aha rero niho abasesenguzi batangiye kwibaza bati: «Ko tuzi umutungo w’u Rwanda ugeze aharindimuka, ni hehe ruzakura amafaranga yo gutunga ingabo ziri muri Mozambique no kuzigurira ibikoresho?» Ariko Kagame na Leta ye baricecekeye, kuko bazi ko umugambi wabajyanye utandukanye cyane no gutabara.
Nta kabuza rero amafaranga yo gutunga aba basirikare no kubagurira ibikoresho yagombaga kuva mu mutungo wasahuwe muri Mozambique. Mu butumwa bwanditse kandi, Col. Ronald Rwivanga yavugaga ko izo ngabo zigomba kubanza kurangiza akazi kazijyanye zikabona kugaruka, zamaze kurengera abasivili bari mu kaga, anemeza ko nta gihe runaka kizwi izi ngabo zizamarayo.
Aha nanone ni ho umusesenguzi Joseph Hanlon, ukurikiranira hafi ibibera muri Mozambique, yanditse ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zatojwe cyane, zifite inararibonye mu kurwanya ibyihebe, ariko nawe yibaza ko nta kindi cyazitunga uretse gusahura ubutunzi bw’iki gihugu.
Dr Christopher Kayumba yabwiye BBC ko gutabara ikindi gihugu ari ikintu cyiza, ariko ko mu Rwanda hari ibibazo byihutirwa byagombaga kubanza gusubizwa. Bimwe muri ibyo bibazo avugamo: (1) Ikijyanye n’inyungu u Rwanda rufite muri Mozambique, ikibazo cyanagombye kwibazwa n’Inteko ishinga Amategeko yo mu Rwanda; (2) Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buhagaze nabi budakwiye kongerwaho umugogoro wo kurwana intambara zitari ngombwa. Kimwe n’ibindi bibazo uyu mushakashatsi yabazaga Inteko ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda yabiburiye ibisubizo, ahubwo agororerwa kujya gufungirwa i Mageragere azira akarengane.
Undi musesenguzi wa politiki mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, Onesphore Sematungo, wo mu ishyirahamwe ryitwa International Crisis Group (ICG), we yavuze ko kohereza ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique birimo ibyago (risques) ku bihugu byombi. Yagize ati: «Iyo igihugu cyohereje ingabo mu mahanga kiba cyishyize mu byago kinabishyizemo ingabo ziba zoherejwe ku butaka zitazi neza» Yongeyeho ati:
«Ubwo rero ziba zifite ibyago byo gushirira mu ntambara kuko ziba zirwana n’abantu bazi neza agace ko kwihishamo cyangwa gutegamo ibico». Asanga kandi nta mpamvu y’uko igihugu cyakwihutira kujya kurwana intambara ku butaka ingabo zacyo zitazi kandi n’abaturage bashobora kubarwanya.
Sematungo yakomeje avuga ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare bisaba amafaranga, ko igihugu nk’u Rwanda kibesheshejweho n’inkunga z’amahanga kidakwiye kwishora mu ntambara za hato na hato. Agasoza yibaza ahazava amafaranga yo gutunga ziriya ngabo zoherejwe muri Mozambique.
N’ubwo rero uyu musesenguzi yanze kwerura ngo abivuge kugira ngo Kagame atamuca umutwe, ariko birigaragaza ko nta kindi cyatunga ziriya ngabo, bitazwi igihe zizahamara, uretse gusahura umutungo wa Mozambique zitwaje ko zayitabaye.
Mu kwanzura rero twababwira ko umusanzu wacu ari ukubigaragariza Abanyarwanda kugira ngo bareke kwibeshya ko kuba muri Mozambique ari izindi mpuhwe. Ni impuhwe za Bihehe Kagame wamaze kubaka système imufasha gucucura uwo ashatse wese. Ni igisebo kandi ku Banyarwanda kuko hejuru yo kwambikwa na FPR isura y’abicanyi, noneho igiye no kutwambika isura y’amabandi kabombo, maze aho umunyarwanda azajya anyura hose abandi bajye bamuvugiriza induru, bamutere amabuye, bati: «Nguwo umwicanyi w’umujura!» Nta kundi byaranduka tutabigizemo uruhare twese dufatanyije mu kurimbura aka gatsiko.