Yanditswe na Nema Ange
Mu gitondo cyo ku wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 30 Nyakanga 2022, inkuru zabyutse zicicikana ko Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’Amerika yasohoye itangazo rigira riti: «Umunyamabanga wa Leta Antony Blinken azasura Cambodia, Filipine, Afurika y’Epfo, Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’u Rwanda». Mu Rwanda akaba azahagera ku ma tariki ya 10 na 11 Kanama 2022.
Nta kabuza abasesenguzi bahise batangira gutekereza impamvu Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Sergei Lavrov, avuye muri RD Congo none n’uw’Amerika akaba ahise ahashinga ibirenge, mu gihe iki gihugu kimaze kuba isibaniro z’intambara z’urudaca, kandi ibi bihugu by’ibihangange bikaba bitayiburamo akaboko kuko byose bikeneye umutungo kamere uboneka mu Burasirazuba bw’iki gihugu, wiganjemo amabuye y’agaciro ya Coltan, Cassiterite na Wolfram ndetse na Zahabu. Buri wese ahita yumva ko buri gihugu cy’igihangage kiba gishaka kuhagira ijambo kugira ngo kisahurire uwo mutungo.
Gusa iyi nkuru ntiyakiriwe neza ku bantu bose kuko Kagame n’agatsiko bahise bashya ubwoba bibutse umubano udashinga bafitanye n’Amerika, ahanini ushingiye ku kwivanga mu ntambara yo muri RD Congo ndetse rukaba rwaranashimuse Impirimbanyi ya Demokarasi, Paul Rusesabagina, ubarwa nk’umuturage w’Amerika. Ntabwo u Rwanda rwabura ikikango kuko nta mutegetsi ukomeye w’Amerika utamuri inyuma.
Bimaze kugaragara neza koi bi bihugu by’ibihangange byigombye Afurika. Nyuma y’uko Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Uburusiya amariye kuva muri Uganda, Perezida Museveni akamubwira ko ibihugu by’Afurika bibushimira kuko bwabikijije ubukoloni, na nyuma y’uko Perezida Emmanuel Macron yagiye muri Cameroun akahavugira ko ibihugu by’Afurika ari indyarya kuko biterekana aho bihagaze mu ntambara y’Uburusiya na Ukraine, ntabwo igipimo cya mbere cya Antony Blinken muri Afurika cyari kuba Uganda kuko yamaze gufata uruhande. Ahubwo yagombaga kugira igipimo cye Afurika y’Epfo n’u Rwanda kugira ngo bimufashe kwibonera umutungo kamere wuzuye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Birumvikana rero ko Kagame n’abambari be bahise batitira kuko bazi umubano mubi bafitanye na USA. Kuba Abanyafurika benshi barifashe ntibashyigikire Amerika mu ntambara y’Uburusiya na Ukraine ni impamvu ikomeye yagombaga guhagurutsa Antony Blinken nk’ukuriye diplomacie ya Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Uretse kuba ibihugu by’Afurika bitaragaragaje aho bihagaze ku mwanzuro wa ONU, iyo usomye ku rubuga rwa Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’Amerika, usanga kuri Antony Blinken, ibimuzanye mu Rwanda ari ibindi bindi. Ubona neza ko Kagame n’agatsiko bikwiye kubahangayikisha kuko nta bisobanuro bafite ku mabi bakora. Ibizaba bimuzanye mu Rwanda bitandukanye cyane n’ibizamujyana muri Cambodia cyangwa ahandi.
Ku byo bazaganira mu Rwanda, hagaragaraho ibibazo bikwiye guhahamura Kigali mu buryo bwose:
- Ku ikubitiro, Antony Blinken azibanda ku cyo u Rwanda rwakora ngo amahoro agaruke muri RD Congo, byerekana ko Amerika izi neza ko u Rwanda ari rwo pfundo ry’ikibazo kiri muri RD Congo;
- Azavugana kandi n’abategetsi b’u Rwanda ibijyanye n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu na demokarasi;
- Aganire n’u Rwanda ku bikorwa by’urugomo u Rwanda rukora, bikambukiranya imipaka, bigamije kwibasira abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Kigali;
- Azagaruka kandi ku kibazo cyo gufungura urubuga rwa politiki mu Rwanda ndetse hanavugwe ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi;
- Azavuga kandi ku bijyanye no gufungira abantu ubusa biganjemo abanyepolitiki n’impirimbanyi.
Ibi rero ni ibibazo by’ingutu kuko Antony Blinken adashobora kuva mu Rwanda atabajije iby’abanyamakuru n’abandi banenze Leta bafungiye mu myobo. Azaboneraho n’umwanya wo gusura abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi barimo Madamu Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza, Me Ntaganda Bernard, Jean Luc Musana n’abandi. Byanze bikunze nta kuntu Antony Blinken yagenda atabajije ikibazo cya Paul Rusesabagina n’abandi bose bafungiye ubusa, baborera mu magereza yo mu Rwanda, na cyane ko nta gushidikanya yamaze kuganira na Carine Kanimba amubwira akaga Se afungiyemo. Nta kuntu Antony Blinken yava mu mu Rwanda atamenye icyo Dr Christopher Kayumba afungiye.
Mu bibazo bihangayikishije Kagame n’agatsiko ke harimo ikibazo cyo kuba u Rwanda rushyigikira M23. Iki ni kimwe mu bibazo by’ingutu Abanyamerika bashyize hamwe n’ibindi mu bizaganirwaho n’ubutegetsi bwa Kigali.
Ibi ni ibibazo abategetsi bo mu Rwanda bizabagora gusobanura kuko bije bikurikirana n’ubuhamya bwa Carine Kanimba aherutse gutangira muri Congrès y’Amerika. Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’iyi nteko yagarutse ku bibazo byose byugarije u Rwanda, cyane cyane yibanda ku ifungwa rya Se umubyara. Gusa hari n’ikindi kintu gikomeye cyane yavuze. Yabwiye Abasenateri b’Abanyamerika ati: «Muri iyi nteko ihagarariye rubanda, mwafashe umwanzuro ko abantu bose bahemukira Abanyamerika cyangwa bakabangamira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu, Amerika izajya ibafatira ibihano hamwe n’imiryango yabo».
Aha rero niho abasesenguzi bahita bibaza ku bategetsi bo mu Rwanda bohereza abana babo kwiga muri Amerika, abandi bakabyuka bakagurayo amazu. Ibi bihano byasabwe n’umusenateri w’Amerika, biranatambuka, umwanzuro uratorwa. Ibi rero nibyo Carine Kanimba yasabye ko byakoreshwa ku bategetsi ba Kigali. Bityo rero nta kuntu bakumva ko Antony Blinken agiye kuza mu Rwanda ngo babure gutengurwa.
Ibi kandi biriyongera ku ibaruwa ya Robert Menendez, umusenateri ukuriye Komite y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga muri Sénat y’Amerika, yandikiye Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Antony Blinken, amusaba guhindura politiki y’Amerika ku Rwanda, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’imfashanyo Amerika iruha, nyamara rwo rukarenga rugahutaza uburenganzira bwa muntu, rukanafasha M23 mu guhungabanya RDC. Uyu musenateri ukomoka mu Ishyaka ry’Aba-Democrats, uhagarariye Leta ya New Jersey kuva ku wa 18/01/2006, yaritonze maze aricara atatura ikibazo cy’u Rwanda, ku buryo bwuzuye kandi busobanutse. Yasabye Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Amerika ko yatora umwanzuro wo guhagarika inkunga zose Amerika yageneraga u Rwanda, kubera uburyo ruhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu kandi rukaba rufite uruhare rukomeye mu makimbirane ari muri RD Congo. Icyo yasabye Antony Blinken ni “a comprehensive review of U.S. policy towards Rwanda”. Iyi baruwa rero nta watinya kuvuga ko yatumye Antony Blinken azaza mu Rwanda, kugira ngo nawe yibonere ukuri kuzuye, none Kagame n’agatsiko baratitira.
Inkuru dukesha News24.com yo ku wa 25/07/2022 n’iya REUTERS, yo ku wa 26/07/2022, ivuga ko muri iyi baruwa ya Robert Menendez, yo ku wa 20/07/2022, yagaragazaga impungenge atewe n’uko u Rwanda rukomeje gusuzugura ibijyanye na demokarasi n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, agira ngo Leta y’Amerika ifate ingamba zikwiye zo guhosha ibyo bintu. Avuga kandi ko umuhate Perezida Kagame afite wo gucecekesha abanyamakuru, abaharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi muri poloitiki, byose bizwi neza.
Akomeza ibaruwa ye yerekana ukuntu Kagame yahinduye Itegeko Nshinga mu 2015 kugira ngo abone uko azategeka ubuziraherezo (to remain in office in perpetuity), arangije mu 2017 ariyamamaza, atorwa ku majwi arenga 99%.
Akomeza avuga ko Umuryango uharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwa Muntu, Human Right Watch (HRW), uvuga ko Kagame yabyerekanye, ukurikije ko umunyarwanda wese umunenze afungwa, abandi bakazimira cyangwa bakicwa, ibinyamakuru bigacecekeshwa, umuntu wese utavuze ibyo ashaka kumva ahita atwarwa amaguru adakora hasi, ubuzima bwe bukaba burangiriye aho. Senateri Robert Mendez yabwiye Antony Blinken ko wa Muryango uharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwa muntu, HRW, wabonye kandi ko kuva mu 2019, hari abanyamakuru n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, abantu 32 bose barishwe cyangwa baburirwa irengero.
Yongeyeho kandi ko ikindi giteye ubwoba ari uko Leta y’u Rwanda yibasira n’abantu bari hanze, batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi cyangwa batayivuga neza. Akavuga ko ibyo byagaragaye ko Kagame ahungeta abantu (physical harassment) cyangwa akabica, agatanga urugero ku byo yakoreye muri Afurika y’Epfo, muri Mozambique, muri Uganda no muri Kenya, agatanga urugero ko mu kwezi kwa 7 hari umuntu utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi warasiwe muri Mozambique.
Byongeye kandi muri Afurika y’Epfo, mu Bwongereza no mu Bubiligi habaye ibintu bikomeye cyane, ku buryo inzego z’umutekano z’aho zagombye kuburira abantu ko Kagame arimo kubagendaho, ashaka kuzabica, kugira ngo bigengesere atabahitana. Akabishimangira avuga ko Afurika y’Epfo na Suède bagombye kwirukana abadiplomates bahagarariye u Rwanda muri ibyo bihugu, kubera ibikorwa by’ubutasi bakoraga, byibasira Abanyarwanda batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi baba muri ibyo bihugu.
Yakomeje avuga ko ibyo bikorwa byo kwibasira abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bitabaye mu Burayi no muri Afurika gusa, ahubwo byabaye no muri Amerika. Akavuga ko ibyo bintu ari agahomamunwa. Avuga na none ko hari n’abandi Leta y’u Rwanda ikurikirana bari muri diaspora ikagenda ibumviriza, ku buryo u Rwanda rukwiye gufatwa kimwe n’Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Irani, Misiri na Saudi Arabia nk’uko byavuzwe na FBI.
Na none Robert Menendez yabwiye Antony Blinken ko bikabije cyane kuba u Rwanda rutinyuka rukaza guhungeta (physical harassment) abantu bari muri Amerika. Aha yahise atanga urugero kuri Paul Rusesabagina, ufite uburenganzira bwo gutura muri Amerika, ariko bamukuye aho atuye ageze i Dubai baramushimuta, bamutwara mu ndege bakodesheje, yisanga mu Rwanda atabigizemo ubushake.
Yibukije ko Kagame yabwiye ikinyamakuru The New Times ko yishimiye ko Rusesabagina yashimuswe. Akomeza ibaruwa ye avuga ko yishimye cyane yumvise Minisiteri ya Blinken ishyize Rusesabagina ku rutonde rw’abantu bafungiye ubusa b’Abanyamerika bafungiye mu mahanga. Yongeraho ko ibyo ngibyo bidahagije kuko icyo gihe umudiplomate w’Amerika mu Rwanda yashyize kuri Twitter ifoto ya Kagame ari kumwe na Commandant w’Ingabo z’Abanyamerika zikorera muri Afurika ndetse n’abakozi be, akavuga ko byamubabaje cyane kuba barifotozanyije n’abasirikare bakuru b’u Rwanda, akavuga ko bivuguruza mu byo bavuga, akabona nta kuntu bavuga ko u Rwanda ruhonyora uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu ndetse rugahungeta Abanyamerika, hanyuma barangiaza bakajya kwifotozanya n’abantu bakora ibyo bintu, kuri we akumva bihabanye n’indangagaciro z’Abanyamerika ndetse bikaba bibangamiye inyungu z’Amerika ku isi.
Senateri Menendez akomeza avuga ko Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zifasha Leta y’U Rwanda ku nkunga ya miliyoni 147 z’amadorali y’Amerika, akemeza ko ayo ari amafaranga menshi cyaneyahawe u Rwanda mu 2021, ndetse mu 2023 harateganywa ko ruzahabwa miliyoni 45. Ibi byerekana ko Amerika iri mu bihugu bya mbere bifasha u Rwanda, nk’ibihugu bifitanye umubano ukomeye.
Ikindi akagaragaza ni uko abasirikare b’u Rwanda bafashwa kwiga n’Amerika, bagahabwa n’izindi mfashanyo. Yibutsa ko mu minsi yashize Leta y’Amerika yafatiye ibihano abantu bose babangamira Abanyamerika mu mahanga, nk’aho mu kwezi kwa Gatatu, Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga yavuze ko za visas zigiye kujya zitangwa habanje kuba ubushishozi. Ibyo kandi bigahera ku bategetsi b’Abashinwa, kugira ngo harebwe niba abo bantu batarijanditse mu bikorwa byo kubangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu kubera amadini yabo, ubwoko bwabo cyangwa kubera ko ari ba nyamuke. Ibi byatumye Ubushinwa bufatirwa ibihano mu guhabwa visas zo kujya muri Amerika.
Yibutsa na none ko mu kwezi kwa Kabiri uyu mwaka, ibyo bihano byo kudahabwa visas zo kujya muri Amerika byafatiwe Byelorussia, cyane cyane bakurikije itegeko bashyizeho, nyuma yo kwica umunyamakuru Jamal Khashoggi wo muri Saudi Arabia wiciwe Istanbul muri Turkiya, ku itariki ya 02 Ukwakira 2018.
Senateri Menendez avuga kandi ko u Rwanda rwica amategeko n’indangagaciro z’Amerika, rukanakukirana abanyamahanga, ariko na none ruragara ko ari cyo gihugu cyonyine cy’amahanga gifunze umuntu wahawe uruhushya rwo kuba muri Amerika, kandi yo igakomeza kugirana umubano narwo. Akabaza impamvu Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ikomeza kurebera ibikorwa by’u Rwanda bikomeje kwibasira abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi n’abanyamahanga bafite uburenganzira bwo gutura muri Amerika.
Asoza yerekana ko u Rwanda ari rwo rugaruka mu guhungabanya umutekano mu karere ruherereyemo. Akibutsa ko u Rwanda rwarezwe gushyigikira M23 kandi ibimenyetso birigaragaza ko u Rwanda rubikora. Yibutsa ko umuryango witwa International Rescue Committee wavuze ko kuva mu 1988 kugeza muri 2007, mu gace u Rwanda rurimo hamaze gupfa abarenga miliyoni 5.4, kandi byose biturutse ku Rwanda. Akanibutsa ko mu 2012 u Rwanda rwafashe Umujyi wa Goma, hakicwa amagana y’abantu, abarenga ibihumbi 100 bakava mu byabo. None nyuma y’imyaka 10, u Rwanda rwongeye kwivanga mu ntambara ya Congo, rufasha M23, mu kuyiha abasirikare n’ibikoresho.
Asoza avuga ko akurikije ibi byose Amerika ikwiye gusubira mu masezerano ifitanye n’u Rwanda, akumva hadakwiye gusubirwamo ibijyanye n’imfashanyo gusa, ahubwo hakwiye kurebwa n’izindi ngamba zafatwa kugira ngo u Rwanda rugaruke mu bihugu byubahiriza amategeko, ku buryo rudashobora gufungira abantu ubusa. Kugeza mu kwezi kwa Kane uyu mwaka, u Rwanda rwari rwari urwa kane mu gutanga ingabo nyinshi muri mission za UN n’abasirikare barenga 4,200 babarizwa muri Sudani, Sudani y’Amajyepfo na Centrafrique.
Yongeraho ko kuri 19/07/2022, yagarutse kuri iki kibazo avuga ko Abanyamerika bajya mu Rwanda bagomba kubwirwa ko atari igihugu cyizewe, ko bagomba kugenda bikandagira, kugira ngo batazahurirayo n’ingorane nk’uko byagendekeye Rusesabagina.
Kuri Senateri Menendez asanga igisubizo kigomba guhabwa u Rwanda, kubera ukuntu rwibasira Abanyamerika, kandi rukaba rwijandika mu bikorwa byo guhungabanya Congo, n’uko ubutegetsi bw’Amerika bwakwicara bugasuzuma umubano bufitanye n’u Rwanda, ndetse ibyo kwigisha abasirikare barwo muri gahunda ya IMET (International Military Education and Training) bigahagarara, ndetse n’izindi programs zafashaga u Rwanda kujya mu butumwa bwa LONI hirya no hino zigahagarara, kuko ari byo bituma u Rwanda rukomeza kubangamira Congo rutangayo intwaro n’abasirikare bo gushyigikira M23. Asaba kandi Antony Blinken ko bahura bakongera bagasuzuma icyakorwa kugira ngo indangagaciro z’Amerika zireke gukomeza kwibasirwa ndetse hasubirwemo politiki y’Amerika mu Rwanda, hakurikijwe kandi n’indangagaciro za Joe Biden. Robert Menendez ashimira Antony Blinken yarangiza agasinya nka Chairman.
Mu kwanzura iyi nkuru rero twababwira ko uyu mubano w’Amerika n’u Rwanda tumaze kubabwira utifashe neza, none ngo kuva tariki ya 10 kugeza ku ya 11 Kanama 2022, agatsiko ka Kagame kakaba kamenyeshejwe ko Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Antony Blinken, azasura u Rwanda, nta kabuza, ubu umutima nturi mu gitereko, bamwe batangiye guhumeka insingane, bibaza ibisobanuro bazaha uyu mutegetsi ukomeye muri Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika no ku isi.
Nta kabuza uru rugendo rwa Antony Blinken ruje rukurikira ibaruwa ya Senateri Robert Menendez. Ibyo uyu Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga byose azagarukaho bikubiye muri iyi baruwa. Twiyicarire turebe ukuntu ikinyoma gikubitirwa ahakubuye n’ahakoropye. Twizere ko Blinken atazabaza abategetsi ba Kigali gusa, ahubwo azabaza n’abandi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, ndetse abaze abashinzwe uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu n’izindi mpirimbanyi za demokarasi, kugira ngo yimenyere ukuri nyakuri kuri ko.
Nema Ange