Yanditswe na Umurungi Jeane Gentille
Indi ntwaro FPR yakoresheje mu guhembera umwiryane n’amacakubiri mu bana b’u Rwanda ni ukugoreka amateka no kwigisha nabi uburinganire bw’umugabo n’umugore. Yifashishije inkundura iri ku isi yo kuzamura umugore maze ikubira ku nyungu zayo, si ukuryanisha Abanyarwanda yivamo.
Ku ikubitiro mu kugoreka amateka, FPR yabeshye ko mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu, abagore bari barahejwe mu myanya ifata ibyemezo, ariko sibyo kuko bizwi neza ko ku gasongero k’ubutegetsi bwa cyami habaga Umwami, Umugabekazi n’Umwamikazi. Bivuze ko muri ubwo butegetsi abagore bari bagize 66% kandi bamwe muri bo bagiye bakoresha iyo myanya mu gufata ibyemezo bifitiye abaturage akamaro.
Twavuga ingero ebyiri gusa z’abagore bagiye muri iyo myanya maze bafata ibyemezo bifatika kandi ku neza y’abaturage bose, bitwaga “Rubanda rw’Umwami ”. Umwe ni Nyiramibambwe II Nyabuhoro undi ni Nyirayuhi IV Nyiratunga, babayeho mu bihe bitandukanye, ariko basiga icyo bazibukirwaho.
Nyiramibambwe II Nyabuhoro yimanye ingoma n’umuhungu we Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura wimye ingoma mu 1609 asimbuye Kigeli II Nyamuheshera, asimburwa na Yuhi II Mazimpaka mu 1642. Ku ngoma ye, Nyabuhoro yaciye iteka ko habaho “Inkongoro y’umwana”, kuko yabonaga ko abana b’abakene bugarijwe n’igwingira ndetse n’imirire mibi. Yategetse ko abatunzi bose bazajya basimburana ku rurembo rw’Umwami ndetse ku batware, gatatu ku munsi, mu gitondo, ku manywa na ninjoro, maze inka zose zikamirwa abana bavuka mu miryango itagira inka zikamwa. Uyu mu mateka FPR yagoretse ntacyo ijya imuvugaho ngo kuko yaperereje imenya ko yavukaga mu bwoko bw’Abaha, ikaba itabuha agaciro nk’ako iha Abega, ngo hatagira ukoma Rutenderi, umwicanyi Kagame ukomoka mu Bega akamunyuza mu ryoya.
Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo yatanze akiri muto, asimburwa n’umuhungu we Yuhi IV Gahindiro, wari igitambambuga, afite imyaka 2 gusa. Byatumye ategekerwa na nyina Nyirayuhi IV Nyiratunga, mu gihe cy’imyaka 18, areka imirimo y’Ubugabekazi, maze ategeka igihugu wenyine kandi ari umugore. Ku ngoma ye hadutse ubwicanyi bwinshi bwibasiraga abakiri bato baturukaga mu miryango yashoboraga kurwanira ingoma (guerre de trône), maze aca iteka rigira riti: «Abatoya ntibagapfe». N’ubwo hari abakomeje kwicwa rwihishwa, ariko iri teka yaciye ryarokoye imbaga y’abana batagira ingano.
Ku rundi ruhande, n’ubwo tumaze kubona ingero ebyiri z’abagore bakoresheje umwanya bari bafite mu nzego zifata ibyemezo bakagirira rubanda akamaro, hari n’abandi bitwaye nabi cyane Nyiramavugo II Nyiramongi wategekanye n’umuhungu we Mutara II Rwogera, bitaga Inyarubuga, kugeza mu 1853. Ubwo umuhungu we yatangaga yishwe n’igituntu, bikavugwa ko yarozwe na Rugaju rwa Mutimbo w’umugereka byatumye Abagereka bose batsembwa bitegetswe n’uyu mugabekazi w’umugome, utarashishoje bihagije. Nyiramavugo II Nyiramongi bashatse kumunywesha ngo atange aharire umukazana we Nyirakigeli IV Murorunkwere, arabyanga, avuga ko atapfa adahoreye Inyarubuga, bituma musaza we Rwakagara amwinigira aramwica.
Amateka rero agenda yisubiramo kuko undi Nyiramongi Jeannette Kagame nawe amaze kwisasira abatagira ingano, yaba abakomeye cyangwa aboroheje. Ntacyo iteka rya Nyiratunga rimubwiye, abato abica atitaye ku kindi icyo ari cyo cyose, apfa kuba yababonyemo inyungu runaka, ntawe arebera izuba.
Ibi byose rero ntabwo FPR yigeze ishaka kubirebaho, ahubwo yakinze igihu mu maso isi yose, yerekana ko ishyigikiye abagore, biranayihira, ibuzuza mu myanya ikomeye, ariko bagezemo bahinduka umurimbo, ku buryo nta byemezo bifatika bashobora gufata ku neza y’Abanyarwanda, uretse kurebera uko bahonyorwa.
Byaje guhumira ku mirari aho uburinganire bwigishijwe nabi muri rubanda, maze abantu bamwe babwirwa ko FPR yahaye abagore ijambo kurusha abagabo. Iyi myumvire icuramye yateje umwiryane mu ngo, kugeza ubwo zisenyutse, ariko umusaruro wavuyemo ni ihohoterwa riteye inkeke, cyane cyane irishingiye ku gitsina.
Ikibazo gikomeye cyane FPR yateje gishingye ku gisobanuro cy’ijambo “uburinganire hagati y’umugabo n’umugore” ndetse n’icyo bivuze “ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n’umugore”. Uyu munsi iyo abantu babonye umugore wasinze ku manywa agenda ata ibitabapfu, ahetse umwana acuramye, byitwa uburinganire. Iyo umugore afashe amafaranga akayashora mu biryabarezi cyangwa mu bapfubuzi, bitwa uburinganire. Ubu buringanire rero bwigishijwe nabi niyo soko y’ihohoterwa ribera mu ngo, aho abashakanye bashobora guhohoterana bishingiye kuri iyi myumvire mibi ishingiye ku nyigisho y’ikinyoma ya FPR imaze igihe kinini.
Icyahise kigaragara ni uko Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango (MIGEPROF) itavuga rumwe n’abaturage ku cyo yita uburinganire hagati y’umugabo n’umugore, ndetse bamwe mu baturage bakavuga ko uburinganire budashoboka kuko umugore n’umugabo bafite inshingano zitandukanye mu muryango, ahubwo ngo hakwiye gutezwa imbere ubwuzuzanye muri izo nshingano.
Umwe mu batanze ibitekerezo mu kiganiro “Ubyumva ute” cya KT Radio cyo kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki ya 28 Ugushyingo 2022, yavuze ko ubwuzuzanye bushoboka ariko uburinganire bwo budashoboka. Yagize ati: «Ikibazo cy’uburinganire kibangamiye ubwuzuzanye. Ubundi mwakuyeho iryo jambo mugasigaza ubwuzuzanye ko kuva na kera umugore atigeze aringanira n’umugabo kandi bitabujije ko yubahwa?»
Abagabo kandi ntibahwema kugaragaza ko kuba uburinganire bwarigishijwe nabi bikomeje kuba imbarutso y’isenyuka ry’ingo z’ubu. Muri icyo kiganiro, Umukozi wa MIGEPROF, Nkundimfura Rosette, yasobanuye ko Uburinganire bivuze kutagira icyo ugomwa undi kubera ko ari umugabo cyangwa umugore.
Ikibabaje ni kuo FPR ikataje mu gukomeza icengezamatwara ry’iyo myumvire ipfuye. Muri iki kiganiro, Alain Nkundizanye, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa GMO (Gender Monitoring Office), yavuze ko ijambo “uburinganire” rivuyeho hagasigara gusa “ubwuzuzanye” nta terambere ryagerwaho.
Ntagwabira Fabien, umukozi wa RWAMREC, yagize ati: «Kuvuga uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye ntibivuze ko abagabo n’abagore bahinduka kimwe. Ahubwo bivuze ko uburenganzira n’amahirwe bihari bombi babihabwa kimwe», ariko yarivugiraga kuko azi neza koi bi avuga atari byo bikorwa.
Nk’uko twabivuze haruguru, inyigisho iyobya abaturage yakwirakwijwe na FPR ku ihame ry’uburinganire yateje ingaruka mbi zirimo ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. MIGEPROF yasohoye imfashanyigisho ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, igaragaza amoko y’iri hohoterwa arimo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ku ngufu, gukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina kari umwe utabishaka mu bashakanye, gutesha agaciro igitsina cy’umuntu, itotezwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ubucakara bushingiye ku gitsina hagamijwe kwishimisha, guhatirwa kurongorwa mu kibuno, guhatirwa kuba indaya, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina nk’intwaro y’intambara cyangwa iyicarubozo, n’ibindi. Ibi byose rero MIGEPROF yashyize ku rubuga rwayo nibyo FPR iba ivuga iyo ivuze gusigasira ibyo yagezeho, kuko ku ngoma yayo, ibi byose byaratumbagiye mu buryo bukabije.
MIGEPROF isobanura na none ko ihohoterwa ari igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gikorerwa umuntu atabishaka kandi kikamugiraho ingaruka mbi ku mubiri, ku mitekerereze, ku mibereho ye mu by’ubukungu cyangwa se ku mutungo we ndetse no ku mibereho y’abandi. Iryo hohoterwa rishobora gukorerwa mu ngo, mu muryango mugari, mu mashuri, mu kazi, mu madini no mu buzima bwose bw’igihugu.
Isobanura kandi ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ari igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gikorerwa umuntu haba ku mubiri, mu mitekerereze, ku myanya ndangagitsina no ku mutungo, kubera ko uri uw’igitsina gore cyangwa uw’igitsina gabo. Icyo gikorwa kimuvutsa uburenganzira bwe kandi kikamugiraho ingaruka mbi. Iri hohoterwa rishobora gukorerwa mu ngo cyangwa hanze yazo. Ibi bisobanuro byombi rero bihamya neza neza uburyo FPR yifashishije ikinyoma cy’uburinganire kugira ngo ihohoterwa muri rusange n’irishingiye ku gitsina bigerweho.
Kuva tariki ya 25/11/2022 kugeza tariki ya 10/12/2022, Leta y’u Rwanda yavuze ko yifatanyije n’isi mu gikorwa cy’iminsi 16 kigamije kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abakobwa, nk’uko tubikesha Ijwi ry’Amerika, nyamara mu bivugwa byose nta na hamwe berura ngo bavuge ko iri hohoterwa ari imbuto zera ku giti cyitwa uburinganire FPR yateye, irakibagara, iracyuhira none cyatanze izo mbuto mu gihugu hose.
Ingero z’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abakobwa ni nyinshi cyane, n’ubwo n’abagabo batabura guhohoterwa. Dufashe nk’urugero, inkuru ya Hanga News, yo kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki ya 28/11/2022, yahawe umutwe ugira uti: «Musanze: Abagore barinubira kurara irondo bafite n’impinja-Ubuyobozi bushimangira ko ari uburinganire», ivuga ko bamwe mu bagore bo mu gasantere ka Kadahenda, mu Murenge wa Kimonyi, Akarere ka Musanze, bari gutaka kurazwa irondo bafite impinja bonsa.
Aba bagore kandi babwiye Radio&TV1 ko ubuyobozi bw’aho batuye bubishyuza amafaranga y’umusanzu w’irondo uyabuze akarirara. Barasaba kurenganurwa kuko bibagora kurara irondo bafite abana bonsa. Ushinzwe umutekano hano muri ako gasantere, yavuze ko ingamba zo kuraza irondo abagore ari icyemezo cyafashwe n’Ubuyobozi nyuma yaho hari abigize ibihazi batishyura umusanzu w’irondo.
Yagize ati: «Ni icyemezo twafashe aho utishyuye umusanzu w’irondo yaba umugore agomba kurara irondo nk’nisimburamubyizi, nta gitangaza kuba umugore yarara irondo ni uburinganire kandi mu Rwanda biremewe icyo umugabo ashoboye n’umugore arabishoboye».
Abagore babiteye utwatsi babwira itangazamakuru ko kuba babyita uburinganire atari byo kuko kurara irondo bonsa bibangamiye cyane, bikanagira ingaruka kuri bo ubwabo no kubana babo. Umwe muri bo yagize ati: «Turasaba kurenganurwa tugakurirwaho kurara dutwite cyangwa twonsa, ndetse n’ubuze ubushobozi bwo kwishyura umusanzu w’irondo agashakirwa ibindi bihano, aho kurazwa irondo».
Abajijwe kuri iki kibazo, Gitifu w’Umurenge wa Kimonyi, Mukansanga Gaudance yabwiye Radio&TV1 ko ibi atabizi. Yagize ati: «Iyo nkuru n’ubwa mbere byumvise, amakuru naguha ni uko ari ubwa mbere byumvise , ndaza gukurikirana kuko nta mugore waraye irondo». Yongeyeho ati: «Umugore se arara irondo ni umupolisi cyangwa ni umusirikare ?»
Ikigaragara cyo ni uko uyu mugore yijijishaga arabizi ko uretse no kurara irondo, abagore barakubitwa, bahozwa ku nkeke n’andi mabi menshi akorerwa mu Murenge ayobora, kandi byose biba inzego zashyizweho na FPR zirebera, ntizigire icyo zikora, ahubwo iyi nyigisho yacengeye ushinzwe umutekano muri Kadahenda.
Mu kwezi kwa Gatanu 2022, MIGEPROF yivanyeho inshingano zayo ivuga ko umuti urambye wo guca burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ugomba guturuka ku burere ababyeyi baha abana b’abakobwa n’abahungu bakivuka. Ikomeza igaragaza ko ababyeyi bafite imyumvire yo kurera abana babatandukanya, akaba ari nabyo bitera ihohoterwa igihe bamaze gukura, bigasaba kubibakuramo byararengeje igihe.
Ibi byatangajwe na Silas Ngayaboshya, Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe uburinganire no kongerera abagore ubushobozi muri MIGEPFOF, wabwiye Kigali Today ko imyumvire mibi mu miryango ari intandaro ikomeye ituma abana b’abahungu bakurana imyitwarire igamije guhohotera igitsina gore, naho abakobwa bagakurana imyitwarire yo kumva ko basuzuguritse. Nyamara aretse kwirengagiza yabona ko ari inyigisho ya FPR yafashe.
Indi nkuru y’ihohoterwa dukesha Hanga News, nayo yo kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki ya 28/11/2022, ivuga ko umugore witwa Nyirabahire Nadia, arimo gutabaza, avuga ko yakubitiwe ku biro by’Umudugudu wa Byimana, Akagari k’Agateko, Umurenge wa Jali, Akarere ka Gasabo, yakubiswe aje gutanga ikirego, avuga ko umugabo witwa Twagiramungu Marakiya w’umucuruzi babyaranye abana 4 yamubeshye ko nta rugo rundi afite bituma amwizera. Avuga ko uyu mugabo yamubwiye ko ari umutasi wa Leta ukomeye mu gisirikare, bituma amwizera kugeza ubwo amuriye miliyoni 9 FRW, ari nayo yaje gushingamo uruganda rukora Lacrettes n’imyeyo mu gasantere k’ubucuruzi ka Gashyushya muri uyu Murenge wa Jali ya Gasabo.
Ntibisobanutse rero ukuntu Twagiramungu yakwiyitirira urwego rwa Leta agahohotera umugore babyaranye, yarangiza akajya atanga amafaranga ngo ingirwa-bayobozi zimukubite, byarangiza bigacira aho.
Nyamara aka karengane kose gakorwa Leta ya FPR irebera, ndetse ikirirwa ijijisha abaturage ngo iri mu bukungarangumbaga bwo kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abakobwa, nk’uko byatangajwe na Rukebanuka Adalbert, Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wungirije (DDEA) w’Akarere ka Kicukiro, mu gutangiza iki gikorwa cy’iminsi 16 hibandwa ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti : « Dufatanye, twubake umuryango uzira ihohoterwa ».
Rukebanuka yasabye abaturage kudahishira abakora ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina, ariko bamwe mu bangavu bavuga ko hari bagenzi babo bazi bakorewe ihohotera, maze bitewe no kutamenya uburenganzira bwabo bagahitamo kubiceceka, banga ko ngo byamenyekana bagasekwa n’izindi mpamvu zirimo kutisanzura n’urungano rimwe na rimwe n’imiryango yabo ntibiteho uko bikwiye.
Umwe muri bo yabwiye Hanga News ati : «Natewe inda mfite Imyaka 16, nza kubyara mfite 17, kubera ko nari imfubyi uwamfashaga mu bihe bigoye yaranshutse turaryamana, yanshukishaga amafaranga none byamviriyemo ikibazo gikomeye, nabyaye imburagihe bituma ndeka n’ishuri».
Aganira n’itangazamakuru Rukebanuka Adalbert yagize ati : «Mu karere ka Kicukiro kimwe n’ahandi mu gihugu ntabwo ihohotera rihari rikabije ariko ugira utya ukabona hari ikibazo cyavutse ariko niyo haba kimwe cyangwa bibiri iyo habaye ihohoterwa tuba twakomeretse; kiba ari ikibazo gikomeye duha uburemere. Turashishikariza abaturage bacu kudaceceka iryo hohotera kuko iyo umuntu ahohoteye umwana biba ari ukwangiza umuntu w’ejo hazaza».
Aha rero niho wibaza ukuntu iyi ngirwa-muyobozi yashyizwe muri Kicukiro na FPR ivugira igihugu cyose ko nta hohotera rihari mu gihe abarenga ibihumbi 20 baterwa inda buri mwaka bataruzuza imyaka y’ubukure.
Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’ Umuryango Young Women’s Christian Association of Rwanda (YWCA) uvuga ko wita ku bakobwa n’abagore bakiri bato, Prudentienne UZAMUKUNDA, yavuze ko ku nkunga USAID inyuza mu mushinga USAID/Igire-Wiyubake, muri ubu bukangurambaga bw’iminsi 16, uyu muryango uzakora ibikorwa bitandukanye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, aho bazabikorera ku rwego rw’Imirenge.
Ibi byose ari ukujijisha abaturage, ahubwo uburinganire bwagoretswe ni intwaro ikomeye FPR yifashisha kugira ngo yimakaze ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Nta kundi rero abaturage bakwigobotora iyi ngoyi uretse guhaguruka bakerurira FPR ko barambiwe ibinyoma byayo, ikabyigumanira.
Umurungi Jeane Gentille