Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Nyuma y’aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi, mu myaka hafi 29 ishize, yakoze uko ishoboye kose ngo yigwizeho imitungo ya rubanda, ihereye ku mutungo uruta iyindi, ari wo ubutaka gakondo, umwana akomora ku mubyeyi we abumuraze, cyangwa agakoresha amaboko we akabwihahira.
Amategeko yose FPR yashyizeho, mu nyandiko harimo ko umutungo w’umuntu ari ntavogerwa, ariko mu mikorere siko bimeze. Habanje gushimutwa imitungo ifite ba nyirayo bari barahunze, hakurikizaho ubutaka bwera cyane bwo mu bishanga, bwose buhinduka ubwa Leta, ariko FPR ntiyatuza itangira kugenda yigarurira imitungo ya rubanda hirya no hino, ushatse guhagarara ku mutungo we ngo utanyagwa, agahimbirwa ibyaha bikomeye, agafungwa, agahunga cyangwa akicwa, imitungo ye FPR ikayigarurira nta nkomyi.
Ubundi buryo bwo kwigarurira imitungo bwabaye guterezwa cyamunara ku maherere, kandi bikaba imitungo yamaze guteshwa agaciro ku buryo ba nyirayo biba birangiriye aho baba bashowe mu bukene butagira urugero, bakazapfa basabiriza kandi mbere hose bari bitunze, banatunze imiryango yabo, ibyo bigakorwa n’abambari ba FPR bakingiwe ikibaba, bakayogoza rubanda nta rutangira, hakifashishwa amabanki n’ibindi.
Nyuma yo kubona ko amategeko FPR yishyireho ayigonga, kuko abaturage bambuwe ubutaka, bagahabwa ibyangombwa by’ubukode bw’igihe kirambye, iyo FPR yashakaga kubwisubiza byarayigoraga, kuko umuturage yabaga afite icyangombwa cy’ubutaka, anabusorera, itegeko rikagena ko uwimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, agomba guhabwa indishyi ikwiye mu mafaranga cyangwa ikindi cyose bumvikanyeho; igihe cyarageze abaturage bamenya uburenganzira bwabo banga kwamburwa ibyabo badahawe ingurane ikwiye. Byateje ikibazo gikomeye ndetse abaturage batangira gushora Leta mu nkiko, ariko zikabatsindisha zibizi neza ko irimo kuburana amahugu. Urugero rwa vuba ni urubanza rw’abahoze batuye mu Midugudu ya Kangondo na Kibiraro, aho bareze Umujyi wa Kigali, ariko bigeze mu rukiko, rwerekana uruhande rubogamiyeho, rwerekana uko uyu mujyi wari kwisobanura, abaturage barumirwa, bataha bimyiza imoso. Imanza ziracyageretse!
Nyuma yo kubona ko kuba Leta isubira inyuma igasenya ibikorwa by’abaturage kandi ari yo yatanze ibyangombwa byo kubaka, abacurabwenge ba FPR baricaye maze bacura undi mugambi mubisha, umugambi ugamije noneho kwambura burundu ubutaka umuturage, agahora abeshywa ko ubutaka asorera ari ubwe, ariko igihe FPR ishatse kubumunyaga, akazajya abura ikintu na kimwe cyerekana ko koko ari ubwe. Ni muri urwo rwego Guverinoma yatangije ikoreshwa ry’ibyangombwa byanditse mu ikorabuhanga bita “e- title”. Ubu buryo rero buzasimbura ubusanzwe bukoreshwa bwo kuba umuturage yahabwaga icyangombwa cy’urupapuro “land title”, akakibika iwe, ukeneye ubutaka bwe akakigura, cyangwa akamuha indishyi ikwiye, none bihumiye ku mirari, Leta nizajya ikenera kunyaga abaturage, izajya ijya muri mudasobwa, cya cyangombwa gisibwe, ubutaka bunyagwe, nyirabwo abure ikigaragaza ko ari ubwe, bugende butyo nta ndishyi, nta ngurane, nta n’ikindi icyo ari cyose ahawe ku mutungo we, yaruhiye imyaka y’ubuzima bwose.
Uyu mugambi mubisha uteganya ko guhera kuri uyu Gatanu, tariki ya 06 Mutarama 2023, ushaka kwandikisha ubutaka yaguze cyangwa ubwo yari asanganywe butamwanditseho, atazongera kwirirwa akora ingendo ajya kwaka icyangombwa cy’ubutaka ku Murenge cyangwa ku Karere, ahubwo azajya abwandikisha mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, nashaka kubugurisha, abisabire uburenganzira ku babishinzwe, ndetse nihabaho kwimurwa ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, harebwe muri mudasobwa. Bityo rero umuturage azaba afite ubutaka ariko icyangombwa kibitswe na Leta, nta burenganzira agifiteho. Nk’uko tubikesha umuzindaro wa Leta, Igihe.com, mu nkuru yo ku wa 06/01/2023, yahawe umutwe ugira uti: «Guverinoma yavuguse umuti w’ibibazo byari mu itangwa ry’ibyangombwa by’ubutaka», umuhango wo gutangiza ku mugaragaro ubu buryo witabiriwe n’inzego zinyuranye zirimo Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu (MINALOC), Minisiteri ifite ikoranabuhanga mu nshingano zayo, Ikigo cy’Igihugugishinzwe Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho n’Isakazabumenyi (RISA), Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubutaka (NLA), Ikigo Nyarwanda cy’Ikoranabuhanga kinafite urubuga rutangirwaho serivisi za Leta (IREMBO), Ikigo cita ku Bidukikije (REMA), inzego z’ibanze zihagarariwe na ba Guverineri b’Intara, inzego z’umutekano n’izindi.
Iyi nkuru ikomeza ivuga ko ikoranabuhanga rya “e-title” rizakuraho itangwa ry’ibyangombwa by’ubutaka ku mpapuro haba ku baturage no ku zindi nzego zibikenera mu gihe cyo kubaha serivisi zitandukanye. Aha rero niho abaturage, batigeze bagishwa inama, babyumvise bahinda umushyitsi, bumva ko birangiye burundu. Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Musabyimana Jean Claude yavuze ko kugeza ubu 80% by’ibibazo abaturage bahura na byo mu nzego z’ibanze bishingiye ku butaka. Yerekanye ko abategetsi bo mu nzego z’ibanze bagihura n’ibibazo by’imanza zishingiye ku butaka, aho abantu bajyaga bigana impapuro z’ubutaka bakagurisha imitungo y’abandi ba nyirayo batabizi. Nk’aho rero bakemuye ibyo bibazo by’ubujura bwugarije abaturage, hacuzwe umugambi wo kwirukana abari bashinzwe gutanga ibyangombwa by’ubutaka, maze buri muturage akazajya aba ari aho yibwira ko afite ubutaka, ariko igihe cyose Leta ibushatse cyangwa undi munyamaboko ushaka kubwigabiza, umuturage azajya yisanga nta kintu na kimwe atunze mu rugo rwe kigaragaza ko ubwo butaka ari ubwe.
Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Ubutaka, Espérance Mukamana avuga ko u Rwanda rwashyizeho porogaramu ifasha gutunga ubutaka mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko hagati y’umwaka wa 2009 na 2013. Kuva ubwo hamaze kugaragara ibibanza birenga miliyoni 11 n’ibihumbi 600. Akomeza avuga ko iyi porogaramu yarimo ibyo gupima ubutaka no kubwandika, ikibanza ku kindi, n’ibindi byasize ibibanza bigera kuri miliyoni 10.4 byanditswe naho ibyangombwa by’ubutaka bigera kuri miliyoni 8.8 bihabwa bene byo. Byumvikane ko hari hakiri abaturage benshi batunze ubutaka ariko batabufitiye ibyangombwa, ku buryo isaha n’isaha bashobora kubwamburwa ntibagire aho babariza. Mu kinyoma gihambaye rero uyu Mukamana Espérance avuga ko gutanga ibyangombwa by’ubutaka byakorwaga hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kubicapa, ariko ko byabaga bihenze, kuko icyangombwa cyatwaraga asaga 30,000 FRW harimo 5,000 byo kugicapisha, kandi umutekano wabyo ukaba utizewe bitewe n’uko hari abashoboraga kubyigana cyangwa bikaba byatakara, bityo akemeza ko abaturage baruhutse ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibyatakaye n’igihe cyatakaraga. Nyamara yirengagiza ko u Rwanda rutagira ububiko (serveurs) buhoraho, dore ko na services zitangwa mu ikoranabuhanga binyuze ku rubuga rw’IREMBO, hifashishwa ububiko bwa Singapour, bwishyurwa buri gihe, haba habayeho kutishyura izo services zigahagarara. Mukamana kandi avuga ko nyuma yo kwemezwa k’ubusabe bw’umuturage bikozwe n’umwanditsi w’ibyangombwa by’ubutaka, nyirabwo azajya ahita abona ubutumwa n’inzira yo kumanura kopi y’icyangombwa cye mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Akavuga na none ko ba noteri b’ubutaka bazaba batagikenewe mu rugendo rwo gutanga ibyangombwa by’ubutaka kuko bizaba biboneka ku rubuga rw’Irembo. Na none hakibazwa uko bizagenda mu gihe u Rwanda ruzaba rutishyuye serveurs zicungwa n’ibihugu by’amahanga, birimo Singapour n’ibindi byakataje mu iterambere. Yongeyeho ko ubu buryo bushya bugomba kuba bwageze ku bafite ubutaka bose bitarenze umwaka wa 2024.
Kuvuga ko ubu buryo buzorohereza abanyamabanki mu kwandikisha ingwate z’abakikiliya babo niho uyu mugambi ubera mubisha, kuko hari uzaba afite inguzanyo y’izo banki, abwirwe ko icyangombwa cye cyavuye muri système, asabwe kugaragaza ko ubutaka ari ubwe, bimusabe kujya mu nkiko, mu gihe agitegereje, ibye bitezwe cyamunara cyangwa ubutaka bwe bumuce mu myanya y’intoki areba, ntacyo ashobora gukora. Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo gishinzwe Ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda (RISA), Innocent Muhizi, avuga ko hazakoreshwa urubyiruko rugera ku 1,300 mu kwigisha abaturage ikoranabuhanga. Yavuze kandi ko Abaturarwanda bose bakeneye gutunga téléphones zigezweho, kandi ko murandasi (Internet) na yo igomba kugera hose, kugira ngo abantu babashe kubona amakuru bakeneye ku butaka bwabo.
Iyi ngingo rero yazamuye amarangamutima y’abantu batandukanye bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga kuko bibazaga impamvu hatabanje kwigishwa iryo koranabuhangamu baturage, bivugwa ko hazifashishwa urubyiruko rugera ku 1,300, ngo ndetse habanzwe hakorwe ibarura ry’abaturage babasha gukoresha internet, ahubwo hakihutishwa uyu mugambi mubisha ugamije kwambura ubutaka abaturage no kubakenesha ku maherere, hatitawe ku nkomoko y’umutungo w’ubutaka, yaba ababurazwe n’ababyeyi cyangwa ababuguze. Uyu mushinga-rutwitsi kandi utangijwe mu gihe amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka akomeje kuboneka hirya no hino mu gihugu hose, akanatuma abambari ba FPR bakomeza kubona icyuho cyo kwivugana abatagira ingano. Dufashe nk’urugero, umuturage witwa Mburenumwe Claver wo mu Karere ka Rubavu, Umurenge wa Nyamyumba, Akagari ka Kinigi, wakekwagaho kwica mushiki we, amuhoye ko yanze ko bagurisha ubutaka basigiwe n’ababyeyi babo. Uyu Mburenumwe yafashwe mu mpera z’umwaka ushize arafungwa, ariko nyuma yarashwe atorotse inzego z’umutekano, ku itariki ya 04/01/2023, mu gihe yari agiye kwerekana aho yahishe inyundo yicishe uwo mushiki we, nk’uko byatangajwe na Gitifu wa Nyamyumba, Murindahabi Eric.
Uyu mugambi mubisha wo kwambura abaturage ibyangombwa by’ubutaka kandi utangijwe mu gihe amamiliyari n’amamiliyari y’amafaranga akomeje kunyerezwa hitwaje ngo ni ayo kuzahura ubuhinzi butunze igice kinini cy’Abanyarwanda, nyamara aho kugirira akamaro abahinzi, agashishira ku ma comptes ya FPR no mu mifuka y’abambari bayo. Birumvikana ko kwimura abantu habanje gutangwa ingurane nabyo birangiye.
Dufashe urugero, indi nkuru dukesha uyu muzindaro wa FPR, Igihe.com, ivuga ko asaga miliyari 100 FRW agiye gushorwa mu kwagura icyanya cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, aho bivugwa ko hazatunganywa, mu Karere ka Nyagatare, ubuso bwa hegitari zirenga ibihumbi 16, mu bikorwa by’umushinga wiswe Gabiro Agribusiness Hub, bigaragara ko nawo uzaba nk’iyindi yose. Abasesenguzi benshi babona ko iki cyanya kinini giherereye ku nkombe z’umugezi w’Akagera utandukanya u Rwanda na Tanzania ku ruhande rw’Umurenge wa Rwimiyaga mu Karere ka Nyagatare, gihawe agaciro cyatanga umusaruro kuko gukurura amazi ava mu mugezi w’Akagera byakoroha, kuko uri ku ntera ya 100 m gusa, ariko na none bahuriza ku mishinga ya baringa yagiye ishorwamo akayabo na Leta y’u Rwanda, ikarangira ntacyo igejeje ku baturage, icyizere kikayoyoka.
Ikindi gituma icyizere gishobora kuraza amasinde ni uko uyu mushinga wa Gabiro Business Hub Ltd ukorwa ku bufatanye bwa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ndetse na Sosiyete ya NETAFIM yo muri Israël. Birumvikana rero ko aba banyamahanga bazaba bagamije gukuramo ayabo barangiza bakigendera. Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Gabiro Agribusiness Hub Ltd, Micomyiza Hanson, yabwiye RBA ko nyuma yo kubaka ibikorwaremezo hose muri iki cyanya, abikorera aribo bazashora imari mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi kuri ubwo butaka. Abari bahatuye bimuriwe mu Midugudu y’Akayange, Rwabiharamba na Shimwa Paul yo muri Nyagatare. Uyu Mudugudu wa Shimwa Paul uri kwibere kuko witiriwe Perezida Paul Kagame.
Duteje ubwega kuko uyu mugambi mubisha wo kwambura abaturage ibyangombwa by’ubutaka bari batunze ku mpapuro ari uburyo bwo kugira ngo umuturage uzajya anyagwa ubutaka bwe, azajye abura ikintu na kimwe cyerekana ko ubwo butaka bwahoze ari ubwe, abwamburwe ku maherere.
FPR, WARAKATAJE MU KUNYAGA IBYA RUBANDA, GIRA WIGENDERE, NTITUZAGUKUMBURA!
Remezo Rodriguez