Yanditswe na Umurungi Jeanne Gentille
Mu gihe u Rwanda rwagiye rubeshya mu byerekezo bitandukanye, yaba Vision 2020, EDPRS 1 &2, NST1, Vision 2050 n’ibindi, rukabeshya ko ruzagera ku ntego z’ibi byerekezo rwifashishije ikoranabuhanga, byakomeje kwanga. Ahanini icyabiteraga ni imishinga yabaga yizwe nabi, ubundi abayishyira mu bikorwa bakaba bashaka gukuramo ayabo (amafaranga), bikarangira imishinga iriwe n’imbeba, ikaburirwa irengero.
Nta muntu uzibagirwa umushinga wa One Laptop Per Child, ukuntu wahindishijwe, hakazanwa imashini zitari ku rwego rw’u Rwanda, Mutsindashyaka Théoneste wari Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINEDUC, agakuramo akayabo, akirukanwa, ariko agahembwa kuba ambassadeur, nyamara izi mashini barazizanye umuriro ugera muri 22% by’amashuri gusa. Ese ubwo bumvaga izindi 78% zizacomekwa ku makara? Nta wuzibagirwa na none ukuntu hihutishijwe gutangira services zose kuri internet, kugeza no ku kwaka icyangombwa cy’amavuko cy’umwana biba bisaba ko umuturage w’i Nyabitekeri, i Nyarupfubire, i Nyabimata, i Nyabinoni, i Nyabihu, i Nyamugari, i Nyarutovu, i Nyagasambu, i Nyagisenyi, i Nyagakoki, i Nyamure, i Nyabikenke, i Nyagatare, i Nyamugari, i Nyamata, i Nyamagabe, i Nyamatete, i Nyankaka, i Nyamasheke, i Nyagatovu, i Nyamyase, i Nyabyondo, i Nyarubuye, i Nyarusange, i Nyarusave, i Nyaruguru cyangwa w’i Nyarutarama muri Bannyahe abanza kwifashisha Irembo.rw kugira ngo abone service, atazi no gusoma.
Ubwo ntituvuze abashaka kwishyura imisoro n’amahōro, kwishyura ubwishingizi mu kwivuza, kwishyura ibyangombwa by’ubutaka, gusarura ishyamba, gutwika amakara, kubaza imbaho, gucukura ibumba, umucanga n’amabuye yo kubakisha, kwishyura impushya zo gutwara ibinyabiziga, kwishyura amafaranga y’ishuri y’abana, n’ibindi byinshi byose bisaba kuba uzi gukoresha internet kugira ngo ubone service ukeneye. Igiteye agahinda ni uko Leta ya FPR idahakana ko ikoranabuhanga ryari ikinyoma, ndetse bwari uburyo bwo gutanga urwaho rwo gusahura umutungo w’igihugu, nyamara abaturage bo bagahora bataka hirya no hino mu gihugu, bagakenera abo bishyura akayabo kugira ngo babageze kuri service bakeneye, ruswa ikabona icyaho. Dufashe nk’urugero inkuru dukesha umuzindaro wa Leta, Igihe.com, yo ku wa 05/02/2023, yahawe umutwe ugira uti: « Rutsiro: Abarenga ibihumbi 249 ntibazi ‘internet’ », yavugaga ko Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rutsiro bwatangaje ko buhangayikishijwe n’abaturage 249,658, bangana na 76.9% by’abatuye aka Karere batazi Internet ndetse ko batazi n’icyo yabafasha mu kazi kabo ka buri munsi.
Aya marira si ayo mu Karere ka Rutsiro gusa, kuko ni ishusho rusange y’Uturere twose. Nyamara Uturere turarira ayo kwarika mu gihe gahunda FPR yakinze Abanyarwanda mu maso ibabwira intego za NST1, yavugaga ko mu myaka 7 kuva 2017 kugeza 2024, ikoranabuhanga rizaba ritanga umusanzu ungana na 5% by’Umusaruro mbumbe w’Igihugu. Ibi rero ni inzozi kuko abaturage bakiri hasi cyane mu ikoranabuhanga. Ntibankundiye Théophile, wo mu Kagari ka Bugina, Umurenge wa Gihango, yabwiye itangazamakuru ko internet ayumva ku izina. Ati : «Numva ari ikintu kimeze nka radio. Nkanjye ndi umwubatsi iyo nabonye akazi nkora kuva ku wa Mbere kugera ku Cyumweru, nta kuntu namenya Internet nayibwirwa n’iki se?» Biragaragara rero ko n’ubwo kuri internet haba hari amakuru n’amasomo yafasha umwubatsi kunguka ubumenyi no guhanga udushya muri uyu mwuga w’ubwubatsi Ntibankundiye avuga ko atajya akenera internet kuko atayizi. Yongeyeho ati : «None se wakenera ikintu utazi? Kereka muduhaye ishuri tukajya kubyiga nibwo twayimenya». Bayimenya se hasigaye umwaka umwe ngo NST1 irangire ? Ahubwo ibi ni ugukingiza abategetsi bato ngo batazabazwa impamvu iyi ntego itagezweho. Umuhinzi mworozi witwa Nkurunziza Védaste, we avuga ko internet yumva ari ikoranabuhanga rya radio bityo ko we atajya ayikenera mu kazi ke. Ati : «Kuba ntazi internet ni igihombo kuko ntabyize. Icyakorwa ni ukuyitwigisha natwe tukayimenya tukagendana n’abandi mu iterambere». Iriho Rukundo Pacifique, utanga serivise z’Irembo muri aka Karere avuga ko uretse kuba umubare munini w’abahatuye utazi Internet hari n’ikibazo cy’uko n’abayifite muri telefoni ngendanwa yabo batazi kuyikoresha.
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rutsiro, Murekatete Triphose, avuga ko uyu mubare w’abaturage batazi Internet ari munini kandi bitakagombye. Avuga ko bari kwifashisha abakiri bato mu gusobanurira abaturage ikoranabuhanga n’akamaro karyo mu kwihutisha serivise. Avuga ko buri Karere kasabwe kugaragaza ahantu hatari iminara ngo ihashyirwe, banakangurira abantu kwifashisha internet iri mu ma telefoni bagendana. Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo ivuga ko raporo y’Umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP) y’igihembwe cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka wa 2022, yagaragaje ko uruhare rw’ikoranabuhanga rwageze kuri 2%.
Iyo raporo igaragaza ko muri rusange urwego rwa serivisi ari na ho Ikoranabuhanga ribarirwa, rwageze kuri 11%, kandi ko ikoranabuhanga ryonyine ryazamutse ku kigero cya 7%. Iyi akaba ari na yo mpamvu hari icyizere ko iri zamuka rizongera uruhare rw’ikoranabuhanga kuri GDP ikazagera kuri 5% muri 2024. Mu busesenguzi bwacu rero dusanga iki ari ikinyoma kuko ibitarakozwe mu myaka 23 ishize hatangijwe Vision 2020, bidashobora gukorwa mu mwaka umwe usigaye ngo NST1 igere ku musozo. Nyamara aho gushyira ingengo y’imari ihagije mu kwigisha abaturage, ahubwo u Rwanda ruhora mu majwi y’abarushinja kumviriza telefoni z’abandi, hifashijwe ikorabuhanga rya Pegasus. Kuva muri 2021, ikigo cya Citizen Lab gishamikiye kuri Kaminuza ya Toronto muri Canada, gikurikirana ibibazo mpuzamahanga hamwe na Amnesty International, byavuze ko hari abantu bumvirijwe hakoreshejwe porogaramu ya Pegasus, yakozwe na NSO Group yo muri Israël. Mu bantu ibihumbi 50 bari bibasiwe nk’uko raporo z’imiryango nka Citizen Lab na Amnesty International ndetse na Forbidden Stories zibivuga, harimo abantu 3500 bo mu Rwanda. U Rwanda rwahise rubihakana rwivuye inyuma. Muri aba bumvirijwe harimo Carine Kanimba, umukobwa wa Paul Rusesabagina, washimuswe n’agatsiko kari ku butegetsi i Kigali none akaba afungiye mu Rwanda aho yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 25 ataburanye.
Mu gushaka kuzimanganya ibimenyetso, Leta ya Kigali yashatse inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga, umunyamerika Jonathan Scott, ahabwa amafaranga atagira ingano kugira ngo yerekane ko u Rwanda rurengana, agerageza gukusanya ibimenyetso afitiriye, ndetse ku wa 18/01/2023, yandikira Komisiyo y’u Burayi nk’urwego rukuru ruyobora Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, ariko uyu muryango ubitera utwatsi, kuko wasomye raporo n’ubuhamya bwa Carine Kanimba mu bihe bitandukanye, ndetse bukaba bwarahawe umwanya n’ibihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ndetse n’uyu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi. Abinyujije kuri Twitter, umunyamerika Jonathan Scott, uvugira u Rwanda yaranditse ati : « Komisiyo ya EU kwanga ubusabe bwanjye bwo kuntega amatwi no kwirengagiza ibimenyetso ku birego by’uko ubutasi bw’u Rwanda bukoresha #Pegasus ntibikwiriye. Tugomba kwiyemeza gukura icyasha ku izina ry’u Rwanda kandi nzakomeza kurangaza imbere iyi gahunda ». Ibi rero Jonathan Scott yishyuriwe ntiyabigezeho kuko Komisiyo ya EU yanze kumuha umwanya. Kudaha umwanya ibi bimenyetso bivuze ko Carine Kanimba, w’imyaka 30, akomeje kugaragura u Rwanda, kuko Uburayi bwiyongereye kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, mu guhamya ko Paul Rusesabagina yashimuswe n’agatsiko ka Kigali, mu buryo bw’amaherere.
Mu buhamya bwa Carine Kanimba yavuze ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yumvirije ibiganiro yagiranaga n’abantu bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, abo mu Burayi n’abayobozi bo mu Bwongereza. Ubwo yari imbere y’Inteko ya Amerika muri Nyakanga 2022, yavuze ko telefoni ye yinjiriwe guhera muri Mutarama kugeza muri Gicurasi 2021 ubwo yari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’ Amerika. Ngo yongeye kwinjirirwa ku wa 14 Kamena 2021 yahuye n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Bubiligi, Sophie Wilmès. Ibi rero Carine Kanimba yagiye abigaragariza izi nzego zose none uwahawe akazi na Leta ya Kigali, Jonathan Scott, akubitiwe ahareba i Nzega, akamye ikimasa kuko Komisiyo ya EU yajugunye ubusabe bwe bwo kujya gusobanura ko u Rwanda rwumvirije Carine Kanimba wenyine mu giye raporo zagaragazaga ko humvirijwe abagera ku 3500. Ese Agatsiko kari ku butegetsi i Kigali katinyaga iki kuki kishyuye Jonathan Scott ngo ajye kuhwinjarika Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ? Ese abandi bo kuba barumvirijwe ntacyo bivuze ?
Mu busesenguzi twakoze twasanze Uyu Jonathan Scott yarahawe akazi kuri Carine Kanimba gusa kuko ibyo yagombaga kwerekana yakekaga ko byakuraho icyaha ndengakamere cyo gushimuta Paul Rusesabagina, nyamara bakibagirwa ko Johnston Busingye wari Minisitiri w’Ubutabera yabyemereye Al Jazeera, kandi yumvwa n’isi yose. Ibyo rero bakoreye mu bwihisho byabarenze babyishyirira ku mugaragaro. Ikindi kigaragaza ko mu bantu 3500 u Rwanda rwumvirije, Jonathan Scott yahawe akazi kuri Carine Kanimba ni uko uyu wahawe akazi nawe yahise yivamo : Ku wa 15 Gicurasi 2022, Scott yandikiye Carine Kanimba kuri Twitter, amusobanurira ko ari umunyeshuri wiga ubumenyi mu bya mudasobwa uri hafi kubona Impamyabumenyi y’Ikirenga, PhD, ko ari gukora ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’ibitero bigabwa kuri telefoni. None se ubu bushakashatsi yabukoze ku muntu umwe ko nawe yahise yivamo ? Abinyujije kuri Twitter ye, Jonathan Scott yagize ati: «Nasabye Carine niba nshobora kubona ibimenyetso Citizen Lab yafashe byemeza ko telefoni ye yinjiriwe hakoreshejwe Pegasus. ». Scott ubwe avuga ko nyuma y’iminsi itandatu, ku wa 21 Gicurasi 2022, Carine Kanimba yamusubije akamubwira ko ashobora kumwoherereza raporo igaragaza ko telefoni ye yinjiriwe. Uwo munsi mu masaha y’igitondo, yamwoherereje inyandiko ya PDF yohererejwe na Amnesty International. Iyo nyandiko yari iyo ku wa 22 Nyakanga 2021. Akomeza avuga ko iyi nyandiko yari yarayisomye kandi nta bimenyetso birimo. Ibi rero nibyo yari agiye kubwira Komisiyo ya EU basanga iyo raporo nabo barayifite ndetse bahitamo ko itaha umwanya, ariko kuri Jonathan Scott, uretse guta ibaba, nta kindi gihombo yagize kuko aye yarayakenyereho, uwabihombeyemo ni u Rwanda rwishyuye amafaranga yagombye kuba arufasha mu guha abaturage ubumenyi bwa internet, none abaturage mu Turere batangiye kwishinganisha bavuga ko intego babategetse kugeraho mu 2024 bayibona nk’inzozi zitazapfa zibaye impamo.
Biragayitse kuba u Rwanda runanirwa guteza imbere abaturage barwo, ahubwo rukishora mu byaha byo kumviriza abantu hifashishijwe ikaranabuhanga rya Pegasus, rigatwara amafaranga atagira ingano, hakiyongeraho ayo kwishyura abahanga ngo baruburanire mu miryango mpuzamahanga. Ibi nta kindi Leta ya FPR yungukiramo uretse kwanduza isura y’u Rwanda kugira ngo amahanga akomeze arufate nk’urudashobotse, maze hagahora hahimbwa ibyerekezo bitagira icyo bigeraho. Uku kutagera ku ntego FPR iba yarihaye bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwose bw’igihugu harimo no gupfundikirana demokarasi kuko nko mu 2017 Perezida Kagame yiyongeje mandat havugwa ko agiye kurangiza intego za Vision 2020, abonye atazigezeho ahita ahimba Vision 2050, ashyiramo NST1 igomba kurangira muri 2024, aho hazerekanwa ko ibyo yari igamije bitagezweho, maze hashyirweho NST2, 2024-2029, nituhagera azatangire NST3, 2029- 2034, bityo azakomeze yiyongeza kugeza apfuye atabajijwe ku byaha by’ubugome yakoreye Abanyarwanda.
Umurungi Jeanne Gentille