Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Mu minsi ishize, Fortunat Bisesele wari Umujyanamana wa Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi wa Congo Kinshasa, yabwiye umunyamakuru Alain Foka wa Radio Mpuzamahanga y’Abafaransa, RFI ko u Rwanda rwashwanye na RD Congo nyuma y’igihe gito ibihugu byombi bisinyanye amasezerano agamije kwimakaza umucyo mu bucukuzi n’ubucuruzi bwa zahabu n’andi mabuye y’agaciro hagamijwe guhashya ubucuruzi bwayo bukorwa n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo.
Aya masezerano yashyizweho umukono ku wa 26 Kamena 2021, ubwo Kagame yasozaga uruzinduko rw’umunsi umwe yari yagiriye mu Mujyi wa Goma muri RD Congo. Ni uruzinduko rwaje rukurikira urundi mugenzi we wa RD Congo, Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi yari yagiriye mu Rwanda ku munsi wari wabanje. Ku ruhande rwa RD Congo, amasezerano yo kunoza ubucuruzi bwa zahabu yashyizweho umukono na Société Aurifère du Kivu et du Maniema (SAKIMA s. a.), mu gihe ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda rwari ruhagarariwe na Dither Ltd. Yari amasezerano asekeje kuko iyi société ya FPR itagaragazaga ikirombe na kimwe ikuramo zahabu, ahubwo icungira gusa kuri zahabu yibwa muri Congo, binyuze mu bujura cyangwa ikagurwa kuri make mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro ihungabanya umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo.
Kuva icyo gihe Kagame yahise yongera inyota yari asanganywe yo gusahura amabuye muri Congo, agatunganyirizwa mu Rwanda, habeshywa ko yacukuwe mu birombe byo mu Rwanda, akagurishwa mu bihugu by’amahanga biberewe ku isonga n’Ubwongereza, kuko ari na bwo bushyiraho ibiciro by’ayo mabuye binyuze mu kitwa London Metal Exchange (LME). Iyi LME yitwa izingiro ry’isi mu bucuruzi ku nganda z’amabuye y’agaciro (The world centre for the trading of industrial metals). Niyo mpamvu rero, Kagame yabonye ko kugira ngo acogoze inyota afitiye amabuye y’agaciro asahurwa muri RD Congo yahise yiyegereza abafite aho bahuriye n’Ubwongereza kugira ngo ajye agurirwa ku giciro cyiza umusaruro watunganyirijwe mu Rwanda, mu ruganda rwe rwitwa Luna Smelter acungisha Joseph Butera. Urugendo rwo gukaza umugambi wo kwiba amabuye y’agaciro muri RD Congo, Kagame yarutangiye ku wa Kabiri, tariki ya 31 Kanama 2021. Uwo munsi yagize Yamina Karitanyi Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo gishinzwe Mine, Gaze na Peteroli mu Rwanda (RMB), asimbura Francis Gatare, wari ukimazemo imyaka ine kuva cyashingwa mu 2017, ahita agirwa Umujyanama wa Perezida mu bijyanye n’Ubukungu.
Francis Gatare yari amaze kugira ubunararibonye buhagije bwo kwiba amabuye muri Congo, hasigaye gusa kwereka Kagame uko bakomeza kuyiba, hagasigara hashakishwa uburyo bwo kuyagezaho ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Iki nacyo cyari gikemutse kuko yari yongeye kwiyegereza Yamina Karitanyi, wari usanzwe ari Ambassadeur w’u Rwanda mu Bwongereza, amenyereye neza imikorere ya LME, aho yasimbuwe n’ikindi gisambo gikuru, Johnson Busingye, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, akaba anavuka mu nda imwe na Denis Karera wabaye indahiro ku bahoze batuye muri Bannyahe, ubu bakaba baririmba urwo babonye.Ihererekanyabubasha hagati ya Francis Gatare na Yamina Karitanyi ryabaye ku wa 14 Nzeri 2023, riyoborwa na Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Edouard Ngirente, hari n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RDB, Clare Akamanzi. Mu magambo yose yavugiwe muri uyu muhango yaganishaga ku mabuye y’agaciro ya Congo. Yamina Karitanyi yabanje kuba Ambassadeur w’u Rwanda muri Kenya, nyuma aza gukekwaho gukorana na RNC, ahita agarurwa huti huti, ashingwa Ishami ry’Ubukerarugendo muri RDB. Bigaragara neza ko Kagame atashakaga gutakaza Karitanyi kuko yanyuze mu mirimo itandukanye, mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga 10, mu bigo by’ubujyanama mu bucuruzi ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Kagame yari azi neza ko Karitanyi afite inararibonye mu bya dipolomasi, ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no gucunga ibikorwa by’ibigo no kugira inama abashoramari, ahita amugira igipimo kuko yagombaga kumufasha gusahura Congo, dore ko yanaminuje mu masomo yo kuyobora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Kuba Kagame yarakuye Karitanyi muri Kenya, akekwaho gukorana na RNC, akamushyira muri RDB, akahamara igihe gito amwoza mu mutwe, akamugira Ambassadeur mu Bwongereza, akahamuvana amushyira muri RDB, ikigo gishinzwe ubujura bw’amabuye y’agaciro ya Congo, ni ikimenyetso cy’uko Kagame yari arambirije ku mabuye y’agaciro yibwa muri icyo gihugu, kandi akaba adateganya kubireka.
Nyuma y’ihererekanyabubasha ryo ku wa 14 Nzeri 2021, hagati ya Gatare na Karitanyi, akazi kari gatangiye. Icya mbere cyakozwe ni amasezerano yasinywe hagati ya Luna Smelter na Kaminuza y’u Rwanda (UR), bihagarariwe na RMB, hagamijwe gushakira Luna Smelter abakozi bahuguwe muri mine na jewoloji. Aya masezerano yasinywe ku wa 21 Nzeri 2021. Ku ruhande rwa UR hari Umuyobozi wayo wungirije, Prof. Alexandre Lyambabaje naho ku rwa Luna Smelter, hari Umuyobozi wayo wungirije, Joseph Butera, akaba ari n’umushumba wa FPR muri iyi sosiyete ifite igice kinini cyeguriwe abanyamahanga. RMB yari ihagarariwe na Narcisse Dushimimana, ukuriye Ishami rishinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri RMB, kuko iri shami niryo ryagombaga kujya ryemeza ko amabuye yibwe muri Congo yacukuwe mu Rwanda. Mu isinywa ry’aya masezerano Narcisse Dushimimana yagize ati: «Iyi ni intambwe nziza iganisha ku kunoza urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda». Ikindi kihutiwe gukorwa, mu kwihutisha ubujura bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri Congo ni ugutangiza ingendo z’indege za RwandAir mu mujyi wa Lubumbashi, ifatwa nk’umurwa mukuru w’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri RDC. Indege ya mbere ya RwandAir yaguye ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Lubumbashi, ku gicamunsi cyo ku wa 29/09/2021, irimo abagenzi 63, bose bafite aho bahuriye n’amabuye y’agaciro.
RwandAir yagombaga kujya ikora ingendo ebyiri mu cyumweru, ku wa Mbere no ku wa Gatatu, hagati ya Kigali na Lubumbashi. Umwe mu bari urwo rugendo rwa mbere, Ernest Nsanzineza, Umuyobozi wa RTEC, sosiyete ikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, yavuze ko izi ngendo zizafasha mu guhuza abashoramari mu bihugu byombi, bityo bikazagirira akamaro urwego rw’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Undi witabiriye uru rugendo ni John Mudahigwa, udafite ikirombe na kimwe ariko akaba ahuza abagura n’abagurisha amabuye (commissionaire). Uyu yabwiye The New Times ati: «Hari amahirwe menshi aturuka kuri izi ngendo. Kuri njyewe by’umwihariko, nkorana bya hafi n’abantu b’i Lubumbashi, ariko kubera ingendo zari zigoranye, gushyikirana byatugoraga, byari ikibazo ariko mbona iki gikorwa cyo gutangiza ingendo ziganayo kizana igisubizo ku bibazo byose twahuraga nabyo». Undi wageze i Lubumbashi muri uru rugendo rwa mbere rwa RwandAir ni Simpenzwe Léonidas, Umuyobozi wungirije wa Rwanda Mining Association (RMA). Yabwiye The New Times ko ubu buryo bungutse bwo gushyikirana buzazana ibisubizo byinshi. Ati: «Congo ni kimwe mu bihugu ku Isi bikize mu bijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro. Ibi byerekana uburyo izi ngendo zizateza imbere ubukungu bw’u Rwanda, biciye mu bufatanye n’imikoranire hagati y’ibihugu byombi». Undi wari usanzwe akora ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ava i Lubumbashi ajya i Kigali, Sangwa Nyembo, yavuze ko mbere bakoreshaga amasaha 12, bakabanza kunyura muri Ethiopia na Kinshasa, ariko muri uru rugendo rwo ku wa 29/09/2022, bakoresheje amasaha abiri gusa kuva i Kigali kugera i Lubumbashi, bivuze ko RwandAir yashoboraga kugenda ikagarukana amabuye, inshuro zirenze imwe ku munsi.
Indi mirimo yari itegereje Yamina Karitanyi, uretse gusahura amabuye y’agaciro muri Congo, harimo kuyashakira amasoko, hakongerwa umusaruro w’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro wabarirwaga muri miliyoni 140 z’amadolari muri 2015. Nyuma y’imyaka 7, muri 2022, uyu musaruro wahise wikuba inshuro hafi 6, uba miliyoni 784 z’amadolari, kandi nta kindi kirombe gishya cyafunguwe, n’uburyo bwakoreshwaga mu bucukuzi ntibwahindutse, icyahindutse gusa ni Luna Smelter, ishongesha amabuye y’agaciro yasahuwe muri Congo, akoherezwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga yongerewe agaciro. Akazi rero ka Karitanyi kakomwe mu nkokora kamaze kwerekana ko kavamo agatubutse. Aka kazi ka Karitanyi kari gashingiye ku kwiba amabuye y’agaciro muri Congo, agatundwa na RwandAir, akazanwa i Kigali, agatunganywa na Luna Smelter ikoresheje abakozi yashakiwe na Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, akoherezwa mu mahanga yongerewe agaciro, bigahagararirwa na Francis Gatare na Johson Busingye, byakomwe mu nkokora kuko, ku wa 28 Gicurasi 2022, RDC yongeye kwemeza ko u Rwanda rufasha M23, ndetse ihita ihagarika ingendo zose RwandAir yagiriraga muri icyo gihugu, ubusahuzi bwimukira ku butaka. Dusubiye inyuma gato, kuko Yamina Karitanyi yigeze gukekwaho gukorana na RNC irwanya u Rwanda, buri gihe Kagame yagiye amushinga akazi yabaga amukurikiranyeho ubuhanga bwe, ariko akamuha “Ijisho ry’Umuturanyi ”. Uyu ni umuntu uba yungirije umuyobozi ku rwego uru n’uru, ariko akabaho ubuzima bwe bwose anekaneka umukuriye agatanga amakuru muri FPR. Ni muri urwo rwego Karitanyi yawe umwugirije ari we Dr. Ivan Twagirashema, bari baziranye neza kuko bakoranye muri RDB, bongera guhurira muri RMB. Mu rwego rwo kwivamo, nk’uko utatwika inzu ngo uhishe umwotsi, iri “Jisho ry’Umuturanyi ”, rihora rineka Yamina Karitanyi rigatanga raporo muri FPR, Dr. Ivan Twagirashema yatangaje ko umwaka wa 2022 ari wo winjijwemo amafaranga menshi avuye mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, angana na miliyoni 784 z’amadolari, ndetse RMB ikaba iteganya ko uru rwego ruzinjiza miliyari 1.5 y’amadolari mu mwaka wa 2024. Ni ubutumwa bwatanzwe n’ uyu Dr. Twagirashema, Umuyobozi Mukuru wungirije wa RMB, mu nama yateguwe n’iki kigo igahuriza hamwe inzego zitandukanye zirimo ibigo bikorera ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, inzego za Leta zifite aho zihuriye n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ndetse n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa, nk’uko tubikesha umuzindaro wa Leta, Igihe.com.
Iyi nama yabaye kuri uyu wa 10 Gashyantare 2023, ibera mu Karere ka Muhanga, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, aho yateguwe hagamijwe kurebera hamwe uruhare rw’uru rwego mu iterambere ry’umuryango nyarwanda, ndetse no gushakira umuti ibibazo bikirugaragaramo. Dr. Twagirashema yasabye ubufatanye bw’inzego zose bireba kugira ngo intego y’umusaruro uteganywa kwinjizwa mu mwaka utaha izagerweho, asaba abacukuzi gukomeza kuvugurura imikorere yabo. Mu buryo bwo kujijisha no kwijijisha, Umuyobozi w’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abacukuzi b’Amabuye y’Agaciro mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, Emmanuel Kinyogote, yavuze ko abanyamuryango ahagarariye bafite intego yo kuvugurura uyu mwuga mu buryo bugaragara. Ibi rero ntabwo byafashwe nk’ukuri kuko icyo abasanzwe bakora ubucukuzi basigaye bakora atari ubucukuzi, ahubwo ni ugufata amakamyo akitwikira ijoro akajya kuzana amabuye ayunguruye mu Congo, yagezwa ku birombe byabo akambikwa tags, agahita yoherezwa i Kigali, ku buryo uwacukura mu Rwanda yahomba. Guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyepfo, Kayitesi Alice, yashimiye ubufatanye bwa RMB n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa b’iyi ntara, mu kunoza ubucukuzi buyikorerwamo ndetse no mu iterambere ry’iyi Ntara ndetse n’iry’Igihugu muri rusange. Yasabye abacukuzi ko icyo bakora cyose bakongera umusaruro bakemerewe. Akimpaye Beata wari uhagarariye REMA yasabye inzego zitabiriye iyi nama, ubufatanye mu kurwanya umuntu wese ukora ubucukuzi butemewe n’amategeko kuko bwangiza ibidukikije. Aba bose bavugaga ibyo FPR yabatumye.
Uku ni ukundi kwivamo nk’inopfu kuko inzego FPR yashyizeho zihanukiriye zivuga ko umusaruro wikubye 6 mu myaka 7 gusa, ndetse uzazamuka ukinjiza miliyari 1.5 y’amadolari muri 2024, mu gihe nta kigaragara cyakozwe mu bucukuzi, uburyo ntibwahindutse, ibirombe nabyo ntibyiyongereye, icyahindutse gusa ni amabuye y’agaciro yibwa muri Congo hitwikiriwe intambara M23 ifashwamo n’u Rwanda, ikaba ikomeje gutuma FPR yuzuza ama comptes yayo muri za paradis fiscaux.
Ahirwe Karoli