Yanditswe na Nema Ange
Inama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu byo mu karere u Rwanda ruhuriyemo na RDC bari bahaye nyirantarengwa M23 ko igomba kuba yavuye mu duce yafashe, bitarenze ku wa Kabiri, tariki ya 07 Werurwe 2023, ariko imirwano ikomeje guca ibintu muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, umwuka mubi ukomeje gututumba hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Mbere gato y’uko iyi tariki igera, igisirikare cya RDC cyavugaga ko umwuka mubi uri hagati y’imipaka y’icyo gihugu n’u Rwanda utuma “buri gihe hagomba kwitegwa ibintu nk’ibyo”, ubwo cyavugaga ku musirikare watangajwe n’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda (RDF) ko ari uwa FARDC cyishe kirasiye ku mupaka wa Rubavu ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 03 Werurwe 2023.
Mu butumwa bw’amajwi yoherereje BBC Gahuzamiryango, Umuvugizi wa gisirikare mu ntara ya Kivu ya Ruguru Lt. Col. Guillaume Ndjike Kaiko yavuze ko urwego rushinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’imipaka (Mécanisme Conjoint de Vérification Elargi, MCVE/Extended Joint Verification Mechanism, EJVM) ari rwo ruzatanga amakuru arambuye ku byabaye.
Kuri uwo munsi wa Gatanu, RDF yatangaje ko mu masaha ya saa 17h35, umusirikare wa FARDC “yambutse umupaka arasa ku basirikare b’u Rwanda” bari barinze umupaka uhuriweho n’ibihugu byombi mu Karere ka Rubavu, uri hagati y’ahazwi nka “petite barrière” na “grande barrière”, mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda. Itangazo rya RDF rivuga ko abasirikare b’u Rwanda basubije kuri uko kuraswaho, bicira uwo musirikare wa FARDC ku ruhande rwo mu Rwanda rw’uwo mupaka.
Mu gusubiza u Rwanda, Lt. Col. Ndjike yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango ko rwa rwego rugenzura imipaka ruzabimenyeshwa kugira ngo rutange umucyo mwinshi kurushaho kuri ibyo bintu. Yagize ati: «Ariko ntakwibagirwa ko byumvikana ko hari umwuka mubi hagati y’imipaka yacu twembi utewe n’ubushotoranyi bwibasiye icyo gice cya Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo bukorwa n’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda kandi buri gihe hagomba kwitegwa ibintu nk’ibyo».
Leta ya DR Congo ishinja Leta y’u Rwanda kuyishotora ibinyujije mu mutwe w’inyeshyamba wa M23, umaze kwigarurira imijyi imwe n’uduce tumwe two muri Kivu ya Ruguru – ikirego u Rwanda rwakomeje guhakana, ruvuga ko ari ikibazo cy’Abanyekongo ubwabo. M23 na yo ihakana gufashwa n’u Rwanda.
RDF yavuze ko yamenyesheje urwo rwego rugenzura imipaka iby’uwo musirikare wa FARDC wishwe. Uwo musirikare wa DR Congo watangajwe ko yishwe arashwe mu cyumweru gishize, abaye uwa gatatu wishwe n’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda mu gihe kigera ku mezi hafi icyenda ashize, avugwa ko yarenze umupaka akinjira ku butaka bw’u Rwanda. Ibi byose RDC isa n’aho ibyima amaso igakomeza gutsinda ibitego bya diplomatie.
Nyamara n’ubwo itariki yahawe M23 ngo ibe yavuye mu duce twose ari iya 07/03/2023, iyi tariki igeze imirwano ikomeje guca ibintu, ndetse impande zombi zikomeje kwitana bamwana mu gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’i Luanda n’i Nairobi, aho ingabo z’u Rwanda zikomeje gufasha M23, naho FARDC igashinja iyi M23 kwerekeza ibitero ahari ingabo z’u Burundi.
Byatangajwe n’Umuvugizi wa gisirikare, Lt. Col. Ndjike Kaiko kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki ya 06/03/2023, agaragariza amahanga yose ko M23 yanze kubahiriza icyemezo cyo guhagarika imirwano. Mu itangazo ryanyuze ku rubuga rw’ibiro by’Intara, yagize ati: «FARDC yamaganye kwanga guhagarika imirwano kwa M23/RDF byagabye ibitero kuri uyu 06/03/2023 ku ngabo z’u Burundi zo muri EAC, inkamb i y’abahunze ya Mubambiro n’inkengero zayo. Igitero cya Mortar 82 na 120 cyangije byinshi.»
Ku rundi ruhande ariko M23, ibinyujije mu Muvugizi wayo, Lawrence Kanyuka, yatangaje ko ihuriro rya FARDC, FDLR, Nyatura, APCLS, PARECO, NDC-R, Mai Mai n’abacancuro ari ryo ryanze kubahiriza icyemezo cyo guhagarika imirwano, rigaba ibitero ku birindiro byayo. Mu itangazo rye ati: «Imirwano irakomeje…»
Impande zombi zishinjanya kugabanaho ibitero mu gihe kuri uyu wa 07/03/2023, hashingiwe ku byemezo byafashwe n’Abakuru b’Ibihugu barimo umuhuza Perezida João Lourenço washyizweho n’Umuryango w’Afurika yunze Ubumwe, zisabwa guhagarika imirwano, ariko M23 ntibikozwa kuko icyizeye inkunga ya RDF.
Amakuru ava mu nzego z’ibanze za RDC aravuga ko imirwano ikaze ikomeje guca ibintu muri Teritwari ya Masisi, aho uruhande rwa Leta ruvuga ko inyeshyamba zikomeje kugaba ibitero zigamije gufata utundi duce, ibirindiro 4 bya FARDC bikaba byaribasiwe mu nkengero za Sake, nko mu bilometero 30 uvuye i Goma.
Urusaku rw’amasasu menshi rukomeje kumvikana mu gace ka Kingi, ku muhanda Sake-Kirolirwe-Kitshanga, mu Midugudu ya Malehe na Neenero, ku muhanda Sake-Mushaki ndetse no mu Mudugudu wa Karuba, ku muhanda Sake-Ngungu. Imirwano irakomeje mu misozi ireba umujyi wa Sake.
Bamwe mu basirikare bo muri ako gace bavuga ko FARDC yashoboye gusubiza inyuma inyeshyamba, cyane cyane mu Mudugudu wa Karuba, bivugwa zari zihamaze igihe kirenga icyumweru. Hagati aho nk’uko inkuru yatangajwe na Radio Okapi ibivuga, abasivili baho barimo kugaragaza impungenge z’umutekano ku muhanda Kitshanga-Mwesso-Pinga, nyuma yo gufata Mwesso inyeshyamba zakomereje Kashunga no mu yindi Midugudu ihakikije muri Gurupoma ya Bashali-Mukoto, zikaba zikomeje zerekeza Pinga muri Teritwari ya Walikale.
Uku gusubukura imirwano bibaye mu gihe M23 yiyemeje, kuri uyu wa Gatanu, tariki ya 03 Werurwe 2023, imbere ya Perezida wa ICGLR kuri ubu, guhagarika imirwano mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo guhera ku wa Kabiri, tariki ya 07 Werurwe 2023, i saa sita (12h00), none zigeze ahubwo imirwano aribwo ikaze.
Ku rundi ruhande, amakuru aravuga ko Ingabo z’u Burundi zibarizwa muri EACRF, zamaze kugera i Sake muri Teritwari ya Masisi, zivuye mu mujyi wa Goma zari zimazemo iminsi. Ibi ni ibyatangajwe na EACRF ku rubuga rwayo aho yagize iti: «Ingabo z’u Burundi ziri muri EACRF zoherejwe i Sake muri Masisi, mur i gahunda ikomeje ya EACRF». Iri tangazo ryakomeje rigira riti: «Kugera kw’izi ngabo mu karere kugamije guhangana n’ikibi giterwa na M23 n’indi mitwe yitaje intwaro». Izi ngabo z’u Burundi zitegereje ko mu gihe M23 yakwemera kuva muri ibi bice nk’uko ibisabwa, zazagenzura Sake, Kitchanga na Kirolirwe muri Masisi. Gusa ikigaragara cyo ni uko kuva RDF igifasha M23, kuva muri ibi bice ntibyashoboka.
Ku ruhande rwa politiki, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa RDC, Christophe Lutundula, yongeye gushimangira ko Guverinoma ya Congo idateze kugirana imishyikirano n’umutwe wa M23 mu gihe uzaba utarubahiriza ibyo usabwa; ni ukuvuga kuva mu duce twose wafashe bitarenze kuri iyi tariki 07/03/2023.
Ni mu kiganiro yagiranye na Top Congo FM, kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki ya 06/03/2023, aho yabajijwe ku ruzinduko rwa Perezida Emmanuel Macron no ku myitwarire y’u Bufaransa imbere y’ubushotoranyi bw’u Rwanda kuri RDC. Yagize ati: «Ntabwo turi abanzi b’u Bufaransa. Duhuriye kuri francophonie».
Yakomeje agira ati: « U Bufaransa ni umwe mu bafata ibyemezo mpuzamahanga. Ni ngombwa ko habaho urubuga rwo kuganiriramo kugira ngo batubwire ukuri twizeye ko tuzumvikana. Ubu bwumvikane bugomba gutuma habaho kumvikana icyo gukora. Nyuma u Bufaransa buzashobora gukosora ibintu».
Ku kijyanye n’umutwe wa M23, Minisitiri Lutundula yongeye gushimangira ko Guverinoma ya RDC idateze kugirana imishyikirano na wo. Ati: «Reka Abanyekongo babimenye, ndavuga mu izina rya Perezida Repubulika: Ntituzaganira n’itsinda ry’abantu bafashe intwaro bagatera Repubulika, bakavana mu byabo ku gahato abenegihugu barenga 500,000 baba mu bihuru, mu buryo butari ubwa kimuntu». Yongeyeho ati: «Ahari, uko byagenda kose, uyu munsi, ntibishoboka. Niba utinyutse kubikora, uzabwira iki ejo cyangwa ejo bundi abandi Banyekongo bageragezwa n’aya mahirwe».
Ikindi cyari cyatangajwe kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki 06/03/2023, ni uko Guverinoma ya RDC yamaze gufata icyemezo cyo gukorana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera muri kiriya gihugu, mu rwego rwo kurinda ubusugire bwacyo, ivuga buri mu byago kubera umutwe M23 ufashwa n’u Rwanda.
Byatangajwe na Minisitiri ushinzwe Amashuri yisumbuye ndetse na Kaminuza, Muhindo Nzangi Butondo, mu kiganiro yagiranye n’itangazamakuru cyabereye mu mujyi wa Goma. Minisitiri Muhindo yemereye itangazamakuru ko imitwe yitwaje intwaro mishya muri Congo yafashe icyemezo cyo kwitabaza kuri ubu irimo gukorerwa ubukangurambaga nk’inkeragutabara zizahabwa ibikoresho mu buryo bumwe n’abasirikare ba Congo bari muri FARDC.
Mu magambo ye, Minisitiri Muhindo Nzangi yagize ati: «Aba ni inkeragutabara zizitabazwa mu gihe igihugu cyacu kizaba kigabweho ibitero nk’uko bimeze uyu munsi. Abazitabazwa bazashyirwa mu buzima bumwe nk’ubw’abasirikare bari ku rugamba. Ntabwo twakwizera ko tuzakomeza kurindwa n’abandi […], muri Guverinoma ntitugishaka ko abantu bavuga ko turi kwitabaza ingabo z’ahandi. Ntabwo bazitwa ingabo zaturutse ahandi mu gihe bari kurinda igihugu cyabo, ni abantu bakunda igihugu cyabo by’ukuri».
Minisitiri Muhindo Nzangi yavuze ko umushinga w’itegeko ryo kwitabaza imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu rugamba FARDC ihanganemo na M23/RDF, Guverinoma ya RDC yawugejejwehona Minisitiri w’Ingabo, Gilbert Kabanda; mbere yo guhabwa umugisha na Guverinoma y’i Kinshasa.
Yashimangiye ko bariya barwanyi bahawe izina rya Wazalendo (Urubyiruko rukunda igihugu) bakwiye kurindwa ku kiguzi icyo ari cyo cyose. Yunzemo ati: «Tugomba kwibagirwa ko umunsi umwe bigeze kurasa ku gisirikare cya Congo, kubera ko muri iki gihe umwanzi tumuhuriyeho».
Minisitiri Nzangi kandi yabwiye bariya barwanyi ko Guverinoma ya Congo yamaze gushyiraho uburyo bw’amategeko bubagira abemewe n’amategeko, ndetse ko guhera mu cyumweru gitaha bazahabwa misiyo bagatangira gukorana na FARDC ku rugamba.
Ibi rero agatsiko kari ku butegetsi i Kigali bikarya mu mutwe kuko katakumva uburyo FARDC yakorana n’iyi mitwe irimo FDLR, nyamara kakirengagiza ko iyi mitwe yose yagiye ivuka igira ngo irinde abaturage bene wayo ubushotoranyi bwa Kigali. Perezida Kagame rero nahamwe uwo yacanye awote, dore mu kiganiro aheruka kugirana n’umunyamakuru Charles Onyango Obbo wa The East African, yavuze ko RDC yamaze kurenga umurongo utukura ku bwo kwifatanya n’umutwe wa FDLR, ashimangira ko u Rwanda ruzakora ibishoboka byose rukarinda ubusugire bwarwo ku kiguzi cyose gishoboka.
Abasesenguzi batandukanye bafashe iyi mvugo ya Perezida Kagame nko kuyobya uburari, ko mbese ari bimwe bavuga ngo “Kirya abandi, bajya kukirya kikishaririza”, bakagira bati: «Ni gute Kagame yakumva ko azayogoza umutekano n’ubusugire bya RDC, imyaka igashira ari 30, ariko hagira umubwira ko ari umuco mubi, we akumva ari uburenganzira bwe?» Hari n’abandi bavuze bati: «Nahagarare gato ingabo za SADC zimucaneho umuriro agende kibuno mpa amaguru!»
Mu gusoza iyi nkuru rero twababwira ko umutwe wa M23, ubinyujije mu Muvugizi wayo, Lawrence Kanyuka, umaze gusohora itangazo rivuga ko yahagaritse imirwano kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 07/03/2023, saa sita (12h00), ariko yongeraho ko nibaterwa bazitabara. Twe rero tugasanga kuba idashaka kuva mu duce yafashe n’ubundi itubahirije amasezerano, ahubwo irimo irajijisha amahanga, kubera ko yizeye ubufasha bwa RDF.
Nema Ange