Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Mu gihe isi yose yugarijwe n’ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bitewe n’ibikorwa bya muntu byangiza ikirere, cyangwa bigaterwa n’ibiza karemano, aho ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera, bigatera ubutayu hirya no hino, ahandi imvura ikaza ari impangukano ikangiza ibitagira ingano, u Rwanda narwo ntirwahejwe mu gusogongera ku ngaruka z’iki kibazo. Ikibabaje ni uko usanga agatsiko ka FPR kari ku butegetsi i Kigali kadaha agaciro ibyo bibazo byugarije abanyagihugu muri rusange, ahubwo kagaharanira inyungu zako no kuzuza amakonti yako.
Ni muri urwo rwego u Rwanda rwagaragaje ko rufite icyuho mu kugera ku mafaranga akenewe mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, nyamara ku rundi ruhande rukaba rugiye gushora arenga miliyari 19 FRW mu buhinzi bw’urumogi, ruzacuruzwa mu mahanga rukuzuza amakonti ya FPR, umuturage yicira isazi mu jisho. Minisitiri w’Ubukungu n’Imari (MINECOFIN), Dr Uzziel Ndagijimana aherutse kugaragaza ko hakiri icyuho mu kubona amafaranga ahagije ashorwa mu gukumira no guhangana n’imihidagurikire y’ibihe, mu gihe ingaruka zayo zikomeye. Ni ibyavuye mu biganiro byibanze ku mikorere y’ikigega IMF iheruka gushyiraho, gifasha ibihugu mu bikorwa birimo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, Resilience and Sustainability Trust, RST. Iki kigega kikaba cyarashyiriweho gufasha ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere n’ibifite ingorane zihariye, ngo bibashe kubona ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo bituruka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere, kugira ngo bibashe kugira iterambere rirambye.
Abahanga bagaragaza ko Afurika igira uruhare ruto cyane mu gutuma ikirere cyangirika nyamara igahura n’ingaruka zabyo, ku buryo ari ngombwa cyane ko iki kibazo kiganirwaho, kuko uretse kuba ari ikibazo cy’ibidukikije, ni ikibazo cy’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, nk’inkingi eshatu z’iterambere rirambye.
Abahanga na none basobanura Iterambere Rirambye (Sustainable Development) nko kwihaza mu byo abatuye isi bakeneye uyu munsi hatabangamiwe abazabakomokaho, rigashingira ku nkingi eshatu (3 pillars) ari zo: Iterambere ry’Ubukungu (Economic Development), Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage (Social Equity) no Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (Environment Protection).
Izi nkingi zigize amashyiga atatu (3 bottom lines) agomba guterekwaho Iterambere Rirambye, ku buryo rimwe ryavamo abatuye isi bagashira, aka cya gisakuzo kigira kiti: «Twavamo umwe twashira ! »
Agatsiko kari ku butegetsi i Kigali kemera ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bukungu bw’igihugu nk’uko Dr. Ndagijimana yabitangaje. Yagize ati: « Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe zirahambaye kuko niba nta gikozwe, mu myaka icumi iri imbere zishobora gutwara hagati ya 5 na 7% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu.»
Yongeyeho ati: «Igiteye impugenge kandi, amafaranga akenewe mu kubikemura ni menshi cyane. Muri gahunda y’igihugu cyacu twasanze hakenewe miliyari 11$, nibura ni 8% by’umusaruro mbumbe mu myaka icumi. Birasaba uruhare rw’abantu benshi n’amafaranga menshi.»
Minisitiri Ndagijimana yaboneyeho kwemeza ko uyu mwaka wonyine, amafaranga u Rwanda rukeneye muri ibi bikorwa byo guhangana n’imihidagurikire y’ibihe, harimo icyuho cya miliyari 6.5 FRW. Yagize ati:
«N’ubwo hashyirwamo imbaraga nyinshi, hakenewe gukoreshwa uburyo butandukanye, duhereye no kuri RST, mu gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kubona amafaranga akenewe, kugira ngo tuzibe icyo cyuho.» Ibi rero yabivugaga arambirije ku nguzanyo z’igihe kirekire RST yemerewe gutanga.
Ikibabaje kandi kikanatera agahinda ni uko n’amafaranga make u Rwanda rubona rudaha agaciro ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ku banyagihugu bose, ahubwo rukihutira gushora mu mishinga yungura agatsiko gato k’abambari ba FPR, aho kuri ubu hagiye gushorwa arenga miliyari 19 FRW mu buhinzi bw’urumogi, rukaba rutungura abaturage kuko unafashwe arucuruza cyangwa arunywa ashobora gufungwa burundu.
Mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki ya 15 Werurwe 2023, Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere, Rwanda Development Board-RDB, rwagaragaje ko ruteganya gushishikariza abantu gushora imari mu buhinzi bugezweho bw’urumogi aho rukeneye nibura ishoramari rya miliyari 19 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Ni ibikubiye muri raporo ya RDB igaragaza ahantu 100 hari amahirwe (opportunities) abantu bashobora gushoramo imari mu Rwanda harimo ubwubatsi, inganda ndetse n’ubuhinzi. Iyi raporo yaje ikurikira inama ku bucuruzi n’ishoramari iherutse kubera i Kigali, yari yatumiwe na RDB, ku bufatanye bw’inzego zinyuranye.
Ikibabaje ni uko usanga aha hantu hose RDB igaragaza ko hari amahirwe yo gushora imari hadashingiwe ku nyungu z’umuturage, ahubwo hashingiwe ku mahirwe y’abashoramari bakomeye bari mu kwaha kwa FPR, aho biteganywa ko hazubakwa amahoteli n’ibibuga by’imyidagaduro, ndetse hakaba n’amahirwe yerekanwa mu kubaka inganda zirimo izitunganya umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi ariko ntiherekanwe aho umusaruro uzava.
Ibi rero ni ha handi n’ubundi hubakwa uruganda rutunganya imyumbati ahantu hadahingwa imyumbati, maze abaturage bo mu tundi turere bagahatirwa kuyihinga ku ngufu, amakamyo ya FPR akaba abonye isoko ryo kuyipakira ayigeza ku ruganda, umuturage akagurirwa kuri make cyane, ku buryo kugira ngo abone ikilo kimwe cy’ifu y’ubugari aba agomba gutanga ibilo biri hagati ya 20 na 30 by’imyumbati mibisi.
Hashize imyaka ibiri hasohotse Iteka rya Minisitiri ryerekeye urumogi n’ibirukomokaho. Ni iteka ryashohotse muri muri Kamena 2021. Iri teka rigena ibigo n’ahandi hantu hakorerwa ibikorwa bijyanye no guhinga, gutunganya, gukwirakwiza no gukoresha urumogi n’ibirukomokaho; itangwa ry’uburenganzira bwo kubikora n’amabwiriza y’umutekano agomba kubahirizwa. Bivuze ko umuturage bitamureba, uretse gushora imbaraga ze agahinga atunzwe imbunda, ariko ibye bikarangirira ku mubyizi yahembwe utamumaza kabiri.
Muri raporo ya RDB, hagaragaramo ko ku rwego rw’isi, umusaruro w’urumogi witezweho kuzamuka aho uzajya winjiza nibura miliyari ibihumbi 197.7 z’amadolari mu 2028, avuye kuri miliyari 28.3 mu 2021. Aha rero niho FPR yateye imboni ibona ko amasambu yagiye yambura abaturage ikwiye kuyabyaza amahirwe akomeye yo kongera umusaruro w’urumogi, kugira ngo yigwizeho ibyagatunze rubanda.
Hasanzwe hari amasambu yitwa ibisigara bya Leta, aya azongerwaho ubutaka bwasizwe na bene bwo bucungwa na Leta, buzagenda bwongerwa uko umuturage yananiwe gusorera ubutaka akodesha na Leta, akabwamburwa, dore ko nta muturage ukigira ubutaka gakondo bwe, ahubwo abukodesha na Leta.
RDB ikavuga rero ko ubu buhinzi buzashorwamo arenga miliyari 19 FRW mu gihe igihugu cyabuze miliyari
6.5 FRW zo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, kandi ari zo zakabaye zifata iya mbere kuko arizo zibangamira abanyagihugu bose muri rusange, ariko ibyo FPR ntibikozwa, irareba inyungu zizava mu rumogi.
Urumogi rwagaragajwe ko rushobora gufasha mu ikorwa ry’imiti yifashishwa kwa muganga, rugakoreshwa mu nganda, mu gukora amavuta ndetse n’ibiribwa muri rusange. RDB igaragaza ko urumogi ruri mu bihingwa byunguka cyane kubera ko nibura kuri hegitari imwe hashobora kuva umusaruro w’ibifite agaciro ka miliyoni 10 z’amadolari. Ni amafaranga menshi ugereranyije n’ashobora kuva mu buhinzi bw’indabo kuko nibura kuri hegitari imwe, hasarurwa indabo zifite agaciro k’ibihumbi 300 by’amadolari.
Biteganyijwe ko amasoko akomeye ashobora kugemurwaho urumogi rwo mu Rwanda ari muri Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Canada no mu Burayi. Kuva hatangirwa kuvuga ko FPR igihe gushora amafaranga menshi ava mu misoro y’abaturage mu buhinzi bw’urumogi, hafashwe ingamba zikarishye zo gukumira abaturage.
Muri Werurwe 2022, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yatangaje ko yamaze gutegura umushinga wo guhinga urumogi kuri hegitari 134. Biteganywa ko mu kugenzura ubuhinzi bw’urumogi, RDB izafatanya n’inzego zirimo Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubugenzuzi bw’Ubuziranenge, Ihiganwa mu Bucuruzi no Kurengera Umuguzi (RICA), Ikigo gishinzwe Kugenzura Ibiribwa n’Imiti (Rwanda FDA) na Polisi y’u Rwanda (RNP ).
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RDB, Clare Akamanzi, yigeze kubwira itangazamakuru ko byateganyijwe ko ibyo bigo bigomba gukurikirana ko nta rumogi rusohoka mu buryo butemewe, ngo rujye mu ngo cyangwa mu bantu batabyemerewe. Yagize ati: «Ibyo bihingwa bizaba biri ahantu hagenwe, hari ingamba zikomeye zaba CCTV camera, iminara yo kugenzuriramo umutekano, amatara amurika ndetse n’abashinzwe gucunga umutekano. Bizaba bifite umutekano usesuye.»
Uretse mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi n’ubushakashatsi, Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, riteganya ko “umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni 20 FRW ariko atarenze miliyoni 30 FRW ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye birimo urumogi.”
Aha rero niho twe, nk’ Abaryankuna biyemeje gukubitira ikinyoma ahakubuye, duhera twemeza ko agatsiko ka FPR kari ku butegetsi i Kigali katareba na mba inyungu rusange z’umunyagihugu, ahubwo kareba inyungu zako bwite, ufatiye kuri izi ngingo ebyiri tubonye haruguru: kuba u Rwanda rwabuze miliyari 6.5 FRW zo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ariko rukabona miliyari 19 FRW zo gushora mu buhinzi bw’urumogi, rwungukira agatsiko gatoya cyane kibumbiye mu ma sosiyete ashamikiye kuri FPR.
Imwe mu mpinduka nziza zitezwe ku Mpinduramatwara Gacanzigo ni uko Abanyarwanda bazabasha kwishyiriraho inzego zibavugira, zirimo Inteko ishinga Amategeko izaba igizwe n’intumwa za rubanda, zitari intumwa za FPR. Izi ntumwa za rubanda niziba zahawe manda n’abaturage, mu bwisanzure na demokarasi, binyuze mu matora ataziguye, zizabasha gutora amategeko abereye abaturage, zibashe kugenzura ibikorwa bya guverinoma, ku buryo FPR itazongera gutinyuka gushora imisoro y’abaturage mu buhinzi bw’urumogi rwungura bake, aho kuyishora mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ifite ingaruka mbi ku baturage bose.
Aha rero niho buri munyarwanda azaba yizeye gutura mu gihugu gitekanye, igihugu kizira imyiryane na munyangire, igihugu kidahonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu, igihugu kizira kunyerezwa, gufungwa no kwicirwa ubusa, igihugu kizira intambara umunyarwanda arwana n’undi, igihugu kizira akaga katewe na FPR.
Remezo Rodriguez