Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Muri iyi minsi hirya no hino mu gihugu, mu Turere twose hagenda humvikana imfu zidasobanutse. Nta munsi w’ubusa utakumva ngo mu Karere aka n’aka hapfuye abantu, bikavugwa ko bishwe n’abagizi ba nabi, ariko wabirebera hafi ugasanga agatsiko kari ku butegetsi kabiri inyuma kuko hataboneka abaryozwa izi mfu, ahubwo buri gihe uko zibaye ugasanga inzego za FPR zikorana zigasakuma abaturage b’inzirakarengane, zikabarunda mu bigo by’inzererezi (Transit Centers), ugatangazwa n’ukuntu umuntu uzwi, wifashije, utuye, ufite icyo akora kimutunze kikanamutungira umuryango, yitwa inzererezi, bikakuyobera.
Uretse kandi abicwa n’aba bagizi ba nabi bitwaza ibikapu birimo intwaro gakondo, bakarara banyuranamo n’abitwa ko bashinzwe umutekano, bwacya ukumva ngo bararitse abatagira ingano, ubwo abatuye hafi aho baba basanzwe batifuzwa mu gace, bagakusanywa, bagafungwa, ukazategereza imanza ukazibura, hari n’undi mubare munini cyane ugaragara w’abapfa mu Mirenge yose igize igihugu bikavugwa ko bishwe n’inzara.
Iyo Leta ya FPR igerageje gusobanura impamvu habayeho itumbagira ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa ku masoko, ihora isubiramo intero yaharurutswe, ikavuga ko biterwa n’intambara yo muri Ukraine, ingaruka za COVID-19 ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ariko wareba izi mpamvu zose ugasanga atari zo gusa.
Izi mpamvu sizo zitera inzara mu Rwanda kuko biramutse bimeze bityo iyi nzara yaba ifata n’ibihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda, ariko siko bimeze kuko iyi nzara yabaye inzobere mu bumenyi bw’isi (géographie), izi neza aho imipaka y’u Rwanda igarukira, kandi irayubahiriza uko yakabaye. Bityo rero ikibazo wagishakira ahandi.
Mu busesenguzi butandukanye twagiye dukora twagiye tugaragaza ko iyi nzara ari intwaro ya FPR yifashisha kugira ngo ihitane Abanyarwanda b’intege nkeya, abandi bakomeze kuyipfukamira, batabasha kureba amabi yose ibakorera, ahubwo bayisaba amaramuko, kugira ngo wa muturage wahingiraga ikilo k’ibishyimbo mu minsi ibiri, akomeze abone aho yicira inshuro, asunike iminsi. Aha twavuga ko benshi ari amarenzamunsi gusa.
Nta kuntu ushobora kuvuga ko ikibazo cy’inzara giterwa n’intambara yo muri Ukraine mu gihe imboga za dodo, umufungo usanzwe ugura 50 FRW, ubu ugeze kuri 300 FRW, ikilo cy’ibirayi kikaba kigeze kuri 800 FRW, icy’ibishyimbo ku 2,000 FRW, icy’ibijumba kuri 600 FRW n’ibindi biribwa byinshi bitakagombye guhenda kuko ubundi bihingwa n’abaturage. Ibi rero ahanini biterwa na politiki mbi y’ubuhinzi yashyizweho na FPR, aho yategetse gahunda yo guhuza ubutaka, hagaterwaho igihingwa kimwe, ariko abaturage bakaba batemerewe gusarura, ahubwo umusaruro wose ugakusanyirizwa kuri koperative za baringa za FPR, zikawufata ku mafaranga makeya cyane, ariko ukazagaruka uhenze, ku buryo abaturage batabasha kuwigondera.
Mu buryo rero bwo kugira inzara igikoresho cya FPR muri jenoside ikorera Abanyarwanda, ubwa mbere yabanje guteza uruhuri rw’ibibazo mu buhinzi, ku buryo ingaruka za hafi zihita ziba ubukene bukabije no kubura ibiribwa byatumye abantu bakomeza kugenda bapfa uruhongohongo, maze mu buryo bwo kurangaza abaturage, hakicwa inzirakarengane, abatangiye kuzamura amajwi bagafungirwa mu nzererezi, nta butabera.
Mu bibazo Leta ya FPR yateje mu buhinzi, uretse kubambura amasambu, kuyahuza no kubategeka guhinga igihingwa kimwe, bakagemura umusaruro hafi ya wose ku makusanyirizo ya koperative, harimo na none ibibazo bijyanye n’inyongeramusaruro, kuvugurura ubuhinzi hongerwa ubuso bwuhirwa, gutunganya ibishanga no guhinga hakoreshejwe imashini; hakaba ibibazo bijyanye no gutunganya umusaruro ndetse no kuwugeza ku isoko, hakiyongeraho ibibazo bijyanye n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe n’ubwishingizi ku bihingwa.
Muri rusange usanga inyongeramusaruro zikenesha abaturage kuko batazibonera ku gihe, banazibona zikaza ari inguzanyo bazishyura igihe bejeje. Ibi bibashyira mu madeni y’ubusa, na cyane ko ubutaka bwose bahingaho buba budakeneye ifumbire mvaruganda, ahubwo baba bashobora gutozwa kwikorera ifumbire y’imborera, ibi rero ntibyakunda kuko abacuruzi b’inyongeramusaruro, nka ba Alfred Nkubiri, baba bakorera mu kwaha kwa FPR kandi bakayinjiriza menshi ku buryo itatuma abaturage bikorera ifumbire y’imborera. Imbuto zirimo soya n’ibishyimbo zirahenze cyane kandi ntizigira « Nkunganire » ngo Leta izishoremo amafaranga, zigere ku baturage zihendutse, ifumbire mvaruganda nayo igakomeza gutumbagira mu biciro. Nta wundi wa mbere rero ingaruka zigeraho uretse umuturage ukeneshwa, ab’intege nke bakaba barapfuye.
Hagaragara kandi imbuto zitaberanye n’uduce zihingwamo, bigatuma ntacyo abahinzi basarura. Mu Karere ka Nyanza na Ruhango hagaragaye ikibazo cy’ibura ry’imbuto z’imyumbati zishobora guhangana n’indwara, ndetse n’izibonetse zinanirwa gutanga umusaruro, uruganda rwa Kinazi rubura umusaruro rutunganya. Mu duce tw’Intara y’Iburasirazuba, hagaragaye ibura ry’imibyare y’insina zishobora guhangana n’indwara ya kabore, n’izindi ndwara zibasira urutoki. Hari ikibazo cy’imbuto z’ibigori zizweho nabi bituma ibigori bidaheka, n’ibihetse ntibizane intete mu Turere twa Muhanga mu Murenge wa Nyamabuye, Nyamagabe mu Murenge wa Kamegeli, Rulindo mu Mirenge ya Base, Tumba na Bushoki, n’ahandi n’ahandi.
Hari kandi, kugeza uyu munsi imbuto y’ingano itaragezwa ku bahinzi kandi igihe cy’ihinga cyararangiye, abaturage bo mu Murenge wa Base, mu Karere ka Rulindo, bakaba barabujijwe kwihingira indi myaka nk’ibijumba n’ibishyimbo, n’abagerageje kubihinga bikarandurwa n’ubutegetsi ndetse bukabaca amafaranga y’igihano (amande). Muri uyu Murenge, abaturage bari bategetswe guhinga ingano ku buso bungana na 165 Ha, ariko uyu munsi baranduriwe imyaka, ubwo buso bwose bwambaye ubusa, biteze inzara y’akarande.
Muri Gatsibo, mu Murenge wa Gitoki bataka ko bategetswe guhinga soya, ariko ntibahabwa imbuto none igihembwe cy’ihinga kirangiye barahinze, gusa intabire zamezemo kimari n’inyabarasanya, badafite icyo babibyazamo, ugasanga bibateje ibihuru byihishamo imibu; ingaruka zabaye izamuka ry’igipimo cya malaria.
Kugira ngo FPR icunge umusaruro wose, hatazagira umuturage ukinisha gusarura adahawe uburenganzira, n’iyo byaba guca ikigori kimwe cyo kotsa, hashyizweho uburyo bwo gukoresha ikitwa MOPA (Mobile Processing Application). Muri MOPA, umuhinzi ashyiramo ingano y’ubuso azahinga, ahagarikiwe n’intumwa ya FPR yitwa « Umufashamyumvire w’ubuhinzi », akagaragaza imbuto azakenera, ifumbire ndetse n’umusaruro azabona. Iyi MOPA ni agacinyizo ku baturage ku buryo bamwe bayanze cyangwa badashoboye kuyikoresha bataye imirima yabo, FPR iyatira abandi, abasuhutse bajya guhingira abandi mu tundi Turere.
Kubera ko abahinzi hafi ya bose bahabwa imbuto zitamenyereye uduce zihingwamo, usanga imiti yica udukoko dutera indwara ihenda cyane, abatabashije kuyigondera bakabura umusaruro, ibyabo bikazatezwa cyamunara kugira ngo hishyurwe imbuto n’ifumbire mvaruganda baba baragurijwe mbere yo guhinga, bagahomba.
Mu Turere twinshi kandi usanga batagekwa guhinga ibigori ariko bagahabwa imbuto yatinze mu bubiko, itagifite ubushobozi bwo kumera, abaturage bagatakaza imbaraga nyinshi mu guhinga, ariko ntihagire icyo basarura, bakisanga mu bihombo ndetse no guterezwa cyamunara imitungo ngo bishyure amadeni. Urugero rufatika ni abaturage bo mu Karere ka Burera, Umurenge wa Gahunga, bafashwe bivugwa ko bagiye guhungira muri Uganda, ariko wabireba neza ugasanga byatewe n’uko bahawe imbuto y’ibigori byaboze, banze kumera batangira kugurisha amasambu yabo, ngo bakuremo akabo karenge inzira zikigendwa; ariko nyine ntibyabahiriye kuko uwagize icyo gitekerezo wese yahise afatwa afungirwa muri Transit Center.
Ikindi kibazo giteye inkenke uretse ibi tumaze kuvuga FPR yateje mu baturage ni ikijyanye no kuvugurura ubuhinzi hongerwa ubuso bwuhirwa ndetse no guhinga ibishanga hakoreshejwe imashini, aho byagaragaye ko henshi mu Turere nta cyakozwe, ahubwo amafaranga yari yarashyizwe mu mishinga yo kubikora yose yahereye ku makonti ya FPR, uduke dusigaye turangirira mu nama, amaso y’abahinzi ahera mu kirere.
Ibishanga byose byambuwe abaturage bihinduka ibya Leta kandi ibyinshi byarengewe n’isuri, ntibibyazwa umusaruro. Byumvikane ko abaturage byari bitunze batunzwe no kubara ubukeye, burira bakabona butari buke, bwacya bakabona butari bwire. Ubundi ibi bishanga nibyo byaramiraga abaturage mu gihe bugarijwe n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ariko kuri ubu ni ukurebesha amaso ibishanga byarengewe n’isuri.
Abaturage bamaze kwamburwa ibishanga bategetswe kuhira imusozi ariko imashini zirahenze cyane, ku buryo no kuzikodesha bitorohera abahinzi, kugeza aho bahinga bagatera imyaka, ariko bidateye kabiri bakabona imyaka ibumira mu maso, hagakurikiraho inzara njyanamuntu, iba yarateguwe ikanaterwa inkunga na FPR.
FPR yazanye umushinga wa baringa iwita « Gahunda ya kane yo kuvugurura ubuhinzi », ariko ntiyakozwe, bikavugwa ko byatewe n’intambara yo muri Ukraine, ukibaza niba Abanya-Ukraine aribo bari kuza guhinga bikakuyobera. Nyamara iyo ubirebye neza usanga ari uburyo FPR ikoresha yicisha inzara abaturage.
Ikindi kibazo cy’insobe ni uburyo bwo gutunganya umusaruro no kuwugeza ku isoko. Usanga muri rusange ntacyo umuhinzi yungukira mu buhinzi bwe, kuko ahingishwa mu mananiza menshi, yagira ngo arejeje agategekwa kujyana umusaruro wose kuri koperative no ku nganda zitunganya umusaruro, akagurirwa kuri makeya, ariko bo yazakenera ibiribwa akabigura byikubye kenshi cyane. Hari kandi ikibazo cy’ubwanikiro bwubakwa nabi bukagwira abahinzi bagapfa, nk’uko byagenze mu Murenge wa Rusororo w’Akarere ka gasabo no mu Murenge wa Sake mu Karere ka Ngoma. Abapfuye bose barashyinguwe birangira bityo nta mpozamarira imiryango yabo ihawe, ahubwo abayigize basigara ku ruhayi rwo kwishyura amadeni.
Abahinzi ba kawa hirya hino bakomeje kwinubira igiciro gito bagurirwaho umusaruro, ku buryo ikawa baheruka bayihinga, ariko kuyinywa byo bikaba inzozi. Muri uyu mwaka wa 2023, igiciro cya kawa cyavuye ku 900 FRW cyariho mu mwaka ushize gishyirwa kuri 410 FRW. Iri gabanuka ryashegeshe abaturage kuko ibiciro by’ibindi biribwa byo byakomeje gutumbagira, batakaza ubushobozi bwo kubigura, kuko ikawa bahingaga yari iteshejwe agaciro kandi batazasubira inyuma ngo bayirye, basobanurirwa ko abayiguraga babaye bake.
Ikindi kibazo cy’ingutu cyashegeshe abahinzi ni ikibazo cy’ubwishingizi ku bihingwa. Abahinzi bahatiwe gufata ubwishingizi ku bihingwa, bishyura amafaranga atagira ingano mu masosiyete y’ubwishingizi, ariko aya masosiyete ababwira ko nibateze azahera ku musaruro warumbye akawugurisha akabishyura ubwishingizi, gusa mu mwaka wa 2022, abahinzi batari bake barahinze, imyaka iruma kubera uruzuba rwinshi, ya masosiyete ababwira ko utarejeje na duke atazahabwa ubwishingizi, bagenda amara masa kandi bishyuzwa imbuto, ifumbire n’imiti yica udukoko bafashe ku ideni, amasambu yabo ahita atezwa cyamunara, basigarira aho, abemeye kwishyurwa nabo umwaka urenda kwihirika batarishyurwa, amaso yaheze mu kirere.
Mbere y’uko FPR igera ku butegetsi, ubutaka bw’amakoro bukikiije ibirunga, mu Turere twa Burera, Musanze na Nyabihu twari ikigega cy’igihugu ku biribwa kuko bweraga kandi bukabona imvura umwaka wose ku buryo nta gihembwe cy’ihinga cy’ihinga bagiraga, bamwe babaga babaga bahinga abandi babagara, abandi basarura. Uyu munsi bararira ayo kwarikwa kuko bategetswe guhinga igihingwa kimwe, kandi imbuto iagatinda.
Abaturage bo mu Turere twose bakomeje kwinubira ko Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere (Météo-Rwanda) cyaranzwe no guhora kibeshya abaturage aho kibabwira kiti : « Nimuhinge imvura izagwa », bamara guhinga imvura ikimanika, ibihingwa bikuma, cyangwa kiti : « Ntimuhinge hazava izuba », bakiyicarira imvura ikagwa uko bisanzwe, igihe cy’ihinga kikabacika, uhinze imyaka yihanganira imihandagurikire y’ibihe nk’ibijumba ikarandurwa, abaturage bagasigara baririra mu myotsi, badafite uwo gutakira. Ibi rero si bishya kuko Leta ijya gusenyera abari batuye mu Midugudu ya Kangondo na Kibiraro babwirwaga ko hazagwa imvura y’impangukano, ariko nta yaguye, ahubwo bwari uburyo bwo kubikiza.
Ibibazo FPR yateje mu buhinzi ntibigira ingano, ariko ntitwabura no kuvuga ku nyubako zidafite igenamigambi zagiye zikwirakwizwa henshi, ugasanga hubatswe imidugudu ku butaka bwera cyane, ba nyirabwo bagashwiragizwa, bagasabiriza kandi barahoze bitunze, nk’uko byagenze ku Muyumbu wa Rwamagana no mu tundi Turere twinshi tw’igihugu. Hari n’ibishanga byambuwe abaturage bikaba bitagikoreshwa kubera rya genamigambi ridahari, igikunze kugarukwaho ni icya Rwangingo, kiri hagati ya Gatsibo na Nyagatare.
Mu kwanzura rero twavuga ko, kugira ngo FPR ibone intwaro y’inzara yagombaga gukoresha muri jenoside ikorera Abanyarwanda, yabanje kwangiza urwego rw’ubuhinzi rutunze abantu benshi, irutezamo ibibazo bitagira ingano, none ingaruka zabaye imfu zidasobanutse zitewe n’inzara, izindi zigahagarikirwa na Leta kugira ngo hatagira uhirahira ngo avuge ibitagenda, n’uvuze agahita afungirwa mu bigo by’inzererezi.
Turasaba rero buri wese iri jwi rizageraho guhaguruka bagatabariza Abanyarwanda bakomeje gukorerwa jenoside na FPR hifashishijwe inzara nk’uko Abasoviyete babigenje muri Ukraine na Kazakhstan mu 1932- 1933. Bitabaye ibyo amahanga azajya kubyibuka hamaze gupfa amamiliyoni y’abantu bazira ubusa.
Remezo Rodriguez