Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Tumenyereye ko imibare myinshi itangazwa na FPR ikunze kuba yuzuyemo itekinika, ariko hari aho abambari bayo bacikwa bakavuga ijya gusa n’ukuri, abantu banyuranye bagahuriza ko koko agatsiko kari ku butegetsi katagamije iterambere ry’umuturage, ahubwo icyo kazi ni ukwica inzirakarengane gusa.
Urebye inkuru dukesha RADIOTV10, yo ku wa 14/04/2023, yahawe umutwe ugira uti: «Umubare w’Abanyarwanda boza amenyo inshuro zitegetswe uratangaje», usanga igaruka cyane cyane ku mibare iteye ubwoba ivuga ko Abanyarwanda boza amenyo uko bikwiye batarenga 25%, kandi nta wahamya ko iyi mibare ari iyo ukuri, iyo witegereje isuku muri rusange mu biturage byo mu Rwanda, aho abarenga 72% batuye mu byaro bya Hererabandi, Buzinganjwiri, Rwanzekuma, Gakirage n’ahandi.
Mu byaro byo mu Rwanda usanga bafata isuku y’amenyo nk’umwiryo w’abanyamujyi, baba babuze ibyo bakora, nyamara ugasanga nta gahunda na nkeya zo gushishikariza aba baturage isuku, ahubwo inzego z’ibanze zikirirwa zibari ku mugongo n’inkoni zibishyuza amafaranga ya EJO HEZA, Mutuelle de santé,Umusanzu wa FPR, amafaranga y’irondo, ay’ibishingwe, umusanzu w’uburezi n’andi atagira ingano. Mu gihe abaganga bagira inama abantu koza amenyo nibura kabiri ku munsi, mu Rwanda ababasha kubyubahiriza ni 25%. Uyu mubare ubutegetsi bwa FPR butekinika uri hasi cyane, kuko mu bigaragara wasanga utageze no kuri 5%, kuko naho bayoza bakoresha ibiti, ntibakoresehe imiti yabugenewe, kandi nabwo bigakorwa rimwe ku munsi iyo bagiye kujya mu bandi batinya kubanukira.
Abahanga mu buvuzi bw’indwara zo mu kanwa, bavuga ko kutoza amenyo inshuro ebyiri ku munsi byongera 33% ku byago byo kurwara indwara z’amenyo; nyamara Abanyarwanda batoza amenyo na rimwe bavuga ko babura umwanya kuko ibyo basabwa ari byinshi, bakibagirwa ko na mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu, ahitwa ku Kamonyi hari hazwiho kugira imonyi ikesha amenyo ikanayarinda indwara, n’ubwo imonyi itozaga amenyo gusa, yifashishwaga no mu koza ibikoresho bitandukanye, ikaba “antiseptique par excellence”. Indwara zo mu kanwa n’iz’amenyo ni zimwe mu zibangamiye ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda, by’umwihariko icyiciro cyibasiwe n’iyi ndwara ni abana bato nk’uko ikigo cy’ubuzima RBC kibitangaza gifatanyije n’ Urugaga rw’abaganga b’amenyo. Ibi nabyo nibyo kwibazwaho kuko abana bato baba bagifite amahirwe yo kumera andi. Ni gute bashakira indwara z’amenyo ku bana bagifite “dents de lait ’’, aho kuzishakira mu bakuru?
Bamwe mu Banyarwanda babwiye RADIOTV10 ko koza amenyo inshuro ebyiri ku munsi ari ihurizo kuri bo, kuko hari impamvu nyinshi zituma batabikurikiza. Umwe ati: «Njyewe mbyuka saa kumi za mu gitondo (04:00) ngiye guhinga, ubwo koko urumva nabona umwanya wo kujya mu byo koza amenyo?»
Undi muturage wo mu Karere ka Gasabo mu Mujyi wa Kigali, avuga ko ubukene buri mu bituma badashobora koza amenyo izo nshuro ebyiri ku munsi. Ati: «Sinyobewe ko koza amenyo ari byiza birinda indwara, ariko se wahingira igihumbi ukajya kugura umuti w’amenyo aho kugura ibishyimbo by’abana.»
Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr. Sabin Nsanzimana yavuze ko indwara nyinshi abantu bajya kwivuza ku Bigo Nderabuzima, ari indwara zo mu kanwa kubera kutahakorera isuku ihagije. Yagize ati: «Ugiye ku Bigo Nderabuzima usanga indwara nyinshi abantu bivuza ari izo mu kanwa, biterwa n’uko abantu barya ibirimo isukari, umunyu, umusururu n’ikigage n’ibindi, ugasanga ibyo byose bafata ntibibuka koza amenyo. Ni ho indwara z’amenyo zituruka kubera ko batabashije koza amenyo neza.» Uyu rero ntacyo avuga ku bukene abaturage bataka, kandi yirengagiza ko abana bataba baburaye ngo umubyeyi ajye kugura umuti woza amenyo, aho kugura ibijumba byo kurisha dodo cyangwa ibisusa.
Imibare iva mu bushakashatsi iteye ubwoba kuko RBC igaragaza ko 64.9% by’Abanyarwanda barwaye amenyo, muri bo 54.3% ntibigeze bivuza na rimwe. RBC yemeza kandi ko Abanyarwanda barenga ¼ ni ukuvuga abarenga 25% by’Abanyarwanda bafite indwara zo mu mutwe zirimo agahinda gakabije, kandi kuzigira bijyana no kwiyanga, ku buryo ibyo kwikorera isuku, harimo no koza amenyo, kuko ufite agahinda gakabije ageraho akumva byose ari ubusa, ari nko kwiruka inyuma y’umuyaga.
Ku urundi ruhande agatsiko kari ku butegetsi bw’igitugu i Kigali gakomeje kwishimira ko kabashije kwangiza ireme ry’uburezi, kagahora kikomanga ku gatuza ngo kongereye imibare y’abagana ishuri, nyamara ntaho bihuriye kuko ibyavuye mu Ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, ryerekanye ko abagera kuri 22.3% aribo babasha kurenga amashuri abanza bakagakandagiza ikirenge mu yisumbuye, naho abatagera kuri 3.3% nibo babasha gukandagira mu mashuri makuru na Kaminuza. Iyi rero ni imibare yerekana ko ntawo u Rwanda ruva nta n’aho rujya, kuko n’aba bake biga muri ibi byiciro, barangiza badafite ubumenyi bukenewe ku isoko.
Abahanga bemeza ko uburezi bugaragazwa nk’inkingi ikomeye mu mibanire y’abantu n’iterambere ryabo, uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’abagabo n’abagore; bugabanya ibyago byo kwishora mu by’urushako imburagihe ahubwo bukongerera abantu amahirwe yo kugira ubuzima bwiza.
Mu bihugu biteye imbere, amahirwe atangwa n’urwego rw’uburezi aba ari menshi ndetse abaturage bakuze usanga bajijutse kuko baba barize nibura mu burezi bw’ibanze. Ugereranyije no mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere ikigero cy’abajijutse n’abarangije amashuri yisumbuye kiba kiri hasi; kimwe no mu bihugu bikennye, uburezi bwaho buba buciriritse ugasanga hari n’aho abaturage benshi batabashije gukandagira mu ishuri. Nibura igihugu gifite abaturage bagera kuri 50% barangije amashuri yisumbuye na 25% barangije ibindi byiciro nyuma y’icy’ayisumbuye kibarwa nk’igifite abantu benshi bize nk’uko bigenwa n’umuryango w’ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu n’iterambere, OECD.
Ku rwego rw’Isi, Canada ituwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 38 ni cyo gihugu kirwarwa nk’igifite abantu benshi bize hakurikijwe imibare ya raporo yo mu 2018. Muri iki gihugu 60% bize mu byiciro bikurikira icy’ayisumbuye (amashuri makuru na kaminuza cyangwa porogaramu zigisha imyuga). Abagera kuri 32.5% basoje icyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye na ho 7.6% barangije icyiciro cya mbere.
Mu Burusiya 56.7% nibo bibarwa ko bize amashuri makuru naho 38.5% bashoboye kurangiza mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’ayisumbuye kuri na 4.8% barangije icya mbere mu baturage barenga miliyoni 144. U Buyapani buza ku mwanya wa gatatu na 52.7% bize mu cyiciro gikuru, hagakurikiraho Luxembourg (51.3%) na Koreya y’Epfo (50.7%)
Urwego Mpuzamahanga rushinzwe ubufatanye mu by’uburezi (Global Partnership for Education) rugaragaza uburezi nk’uburenganzira bwa muntu, bufungurira umuntu imiryango y’amahirwe menshi mu buzima nk’ayo kubona akazi, kugira ubuzima bwiza, kugira ubushobozi bwo kugira uruhare muri politiki n’ibindi. Nyamara FPR ikora ikinyuranyo kuko yabonye ko guheza abantu mu bujiji bibongerera ubukene, bakazahora bayipfukamiye, ntibabashe kubona amabi yose ibakorera, ahubwo bahore bayiramya.
Imibare yavuye mu Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire ryakozwe mu 2022 yerekana ko Abanyarwanda barenga miliyoni 13. Muri bo abazi gusoma no kwandika mu bafite kuva ku myaka 15 y’amavuko kuzamura bagera kuri miliyoni 6.5 ariko ni ya mibare nyine Yousouf Murangwa atekinika uko yabitegetswe.
Abatangira amashuri abanza bakayarenga bakajya mu yisumbuye ni 22.3% gusa, ku buryo Depite Frank Habineza yemeza ibyo FPR ivuga by’uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 12 (12YBE) bikiri inzozi. Ababirebera hafi bemeza ko biterwa n’ubukene bukabije mu miryango, bituma abana bava mu ishuri bakajya gushaka imibereho. Hari kandi abangavu baterwa inda bakiri bato, kwiga kwabo bikaba birangiriye aho, bakayoboka mu mijyi, bakajya kuba abakozi bo mu ngo cyanga mu tubari, abandi bakishora mu buraya no mu bujura.
Dr. Habineza yavuze kandi ko kuba ababasha kugera mu mashuri yisumbuye ari bake byaba bifitanye isano n’ireme ry’uburezi bahabwa mu byiciro byo hanze ritabemerera gutsinda ibizamini bituma babasha gukomeza.
By’umwihariko mu burezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka icyenda na 12 usanga nta bitabo bihagije bafite cyangwa abarimu badafite ubumenyi bushyitse bwatuma abanyeshuri bahatana n’abize mu bigo byiza mu gihugu. Mu gihe porogaramu y’amasomo itegurwa mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza kimwe n’ibizamini bitangwa, haracyari abarimu batazi urwo rurimi nk’uko abadepite bagiye babigaragaza mu ngendo bakoreye hirya no hino mu gihugu. Aha rero niho wibaza icyo 12YBE yaje gukura mu gihe igihugu kidashobora gutera imbere nta burezi.
Mu myanzuro y’Inama y’Umushyikirano yateranye muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka, harimo gukemura ikibazo cy’ireme ry’uburezi mu byiciro byose by’amashuri kugira ngo abarangiza kwiga bashobore guhangana n’ibibazo biri ku isoko ry’umurimo, hibandwa ku kongera umubare w’abanyeshuri bajya mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro, gukorana n’abikorera mu kumenyereza abanyeshuri umwuga mbere y’uko bajya ku isoko ry’umurimo no kuzamura ireme ry’ubushakashatsi, nyamara abagera muri kaminuza ntibararenga 3.3%.
Muri cya cyuka FPR yise NST1, ivuga ko yiyemeje kwimakaza ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi. Nyamara imibare yavuye mu isesengura ku miterere y’isoko ry’umurimo rikorwa n’Ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda, NISR, iyoborwa na Murangwa Yousouf, ryakozwe mu gihembwe cya kane cy’umwaka ushize wa 2022, igaragaza ko ubushomeri bwari kuri 29.7% mu rubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 16 na 30.
Iyi mibare nayo ni ugutekinika kuko haramutse hari ireme ry’uburezi, abanyeshuri bakigishwa neza, n’ubwo batabona akazi mu gihugu baba bafite ubushobozi bwo kujya kugasaba ahandi kandi bakakabona. Ibi se byashoboka bite Perezida Kagame yaramaramaje mu gushwana n’ibihugu by’abaturanyi, ku buryo umunyarwanda wifuza kujya gushakayo imibereho, asanga imipaka ifunze, yabona n’uko agerayo akabaho yikangwa ko ari intasi, bigatuma kubona akazi ari umutwaro w’ingorabahizi.
Dr. Habineza yagize ati: «Ikigaragara ni uko icyerekezo cya Leta cyo kubaka ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi gikeneye izindi ngamba kugira ngo kizabashe kugerwaho. Imibare igaragaza ko hatagize igihinduka mu maguru mashya iyi gahunda itagerwaho. Biteye impungenge. Hakenewe kugira ikintu gikomeye gikorwa.» Uyu nawe arabizi ko ibyo avuga biguma mu byifuzo kuko azi uko FPR yamuteruye ikamushyira ku ntebe, ikamutamika umugati, ikora. Si uko atayizi ahubwo ni ukwijijisha.
Mu bigaragara rero aho guhangana n’iyi mibare iteye ubwoba, agatsiko ka FPR gakomeje kurangwa n’ibikorwa byo kwica inzirakarengane hirya no hino, aho baraswa n’inzego z’umutekano bakiri abere. Turabita abere kuko amategeko yo mu Rwanda yemera icyo bita “présomption d’innocence”, aho ateganya ko “ukekwaho icyaha afatwa nk’umwere kugeza agihamijwe n’urukiko rubitiye ububasha”.
Urugero rufatika ni aho umusirikare wa RDF yiyambitse gisivile arasa umuturage amushinja ko yamuteze mu gico cy’abajura akamwambura, yamwaka ibyo yamwambuye akabibura, nyamara ntiyahanirwa kwihanira. Ibi byabaye nka saa saba n’igice zo mu ijoro ryo kuri uyu wa Kane, tariki ya 13 Mata 2023, mu Mudugudu wa Gatwaro, mu Kagari ka Kibuye, Umurenge wa Bwishyura wo mu Karere ka Karongi.
Uyu musirikare avuga ko abajura bamuteze baramwambura, hanyuma umwe arafatwa ajyanwa ku Murenge wa Bwishyura, uyu musirikare asiga amurindishije DASSO, ajya kuzana imbunda amujyana mu busitari bw’Umurenge, amusaba ibyo yamwibye arabibura ahita amurasa amasasu ane (4), aramwica, amwicira ku Murenge, arahamusiga, agenda yemye, yikomanga ku gatuza, yumva yakoze igikorwa cy’abagabo.
Nta makuru na make avuga ko uyu musirikare yafashwe ngo aryozwe icyaha cyo kwihorera, akarasira umwere ku Murenge. Nguko uko FPR n’abambari bayo bakora, kwica abatariho ni urubanza nibyo bibashishikaje.
FPR, WANANIWE IBINDI, USHOBOYE KWICA NO KWIBA, IGENDERE NTITUZAGUKUMBURA!
Remezo Rodriguez