Yanditswe na Nema Ange
Intambara yagabwe na M23 ifatanyije n’u Rwanda ku ngabo za Congo, FARDC, ikomeje kugenda ifata indi sura kandi iteye ubwoba uko bwije n’uko butashye, ku buryo buri wese yibaza ikigiye gukurikiraho bikagorana. Uruhande rwa Congo rwakomeje kuvuga ko rudateze kuganira n’umutwe w’iterabwoba, ahubwo ruvuga ko ruteganya gukemura iki kibazo mu buryo bwa dipolomasi ndetse no mu buryo bw’intambara.
Mu gihe RDC yakomeje gutsinda ibitego bya dipolomasi, noneho abategetsi bayo bo ku rwego rwo hejuru babona ko igihe kigeze ngo none umuti usharira uvugutirwe u Rwanda, ni ukuvuga ko rugomba kugabwaho ibitero bya gisirikare, kugira rureke gukomeza gutera M23 inkunga y’ibikoresho n’abasirikare.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye na TV5 Monde Afrique, uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe, akaba ari n’umukandida mu matora ya Perezida wa Repubulika muri RDC, Adolphe Muzito, yatangaje ashize amanga ko igihugu cye gikwiye gushoza intambara yeruye ku Rwanda, avuga ko ari rwo rurimi rwonyine rwumva.
Muzito akomeza avuga ko ikindi cyemezo gikaze cyaba ngombwa kugira ngo harangizwe ihohoterwa rikomeje kubera mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC no kurwanya uruhare rw’u Rwanda ku mutwe witwaje intwaro wa M23, ashinja kuba ushyigikiwe na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, kandi yananiwe kubihakana ikazana inzitwazo. Muzito yagize ati : « U Rwanda rwumva ururimi rumwe gusa, ni ururimi rw’ingufu z’intambara. Ntibishoboka ko twashyikirana n’iki gihugu mu gihe gutera inkunga imitwe yitwaje intwaro.»
Yavuze kandi ku kamaro ko guhangana n’ibigo byinshi by’abanyamahanga, nk’uko abitangaza, ngo byitwaza ihungabana ry’umutekano kugira ngo bicukure amabuye y’agaciro ya RDC mu buryo butemewe.
Kuri Muzito, intambara itaziguye n’u Rwanda yatuma bishoboka gusubiza inyuma ingabo z’u Rwanda no gushyikirana n’ibi bigo by’amahanga, hagamijwe gukoresha umutungo kamere w’amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo bwemewe kandi bwungukira impande zombi, igihugu ubwacyo n’abacukuzi b’abanyamahanga.
Yagize ati : « Dutekereza ko tugomba kurwana n’u Rwanda. Kandi tugiye guhengera iki gihe ingabo z’akarere ziri muri kariya gace, kugira ngo tubashe kwitegura neza intambara yeruye. »
Abasesenguzi benshi bemeza ko ibi bishobora kurushaho kongera ibinyoro mu bibembe, kuko umwuka ushobora kuba mubi cyane mu karere. Ingaruka ku butabazi n’ubukungu zaterwa n’amakimbirane afunguye hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda zishobora kuba mbi ku bihugu byombi, ndetse no ku baturanyi babyo. N’ubwo bimeze bityo ariko, amagambo ya Muzito agaragaza uburakari bwinshi no gushaka gukora ibikorwa byihutirwa biri mu mitwe y’Abanyapolitiki benshi bo muri Congo ku kijyanye n’ibibazo by’umutekano n’ubukungu bikomeje kwibasira uburasirazuba bw’iki gihugu ; aho biganisha rero ni ku ntambara yeruye.
Amakuru aturuka muri RDC avuga guhera mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize umutwe wa M23 wongeye kwigarurira ibice wari waravuyemo, byagenzurwaga n’ingabo za EAC, nyamara izo ngabo ntiziremerwa kurasa, zirarebera gusa. Ibi rero ngo bituma abaturage baramaze gutera icyizere izi ngabo kuko zidashobora kubarinda. Byamaze kugaragara ko M23 nta gice na kimwe yavuyemo kuko ingabo zayo zihava ku mugaragaro zambaye imyenda ya gisirikare, ako kanya zigahita zihinduranya, zikambara imyenda ya gisivili zikagaruka.
Aho ikibazo kirushirizaho gukomera ni uko M23 nyuma yo gufashwa n’ingabo z’u Rwanda, RDF, noneho n’iza Uganda, UPDF, nazo zatangiye kugaragaza ubufatanye na M23 uhereye mu gice cya Buganagana, ugakomereza muri bindi bice byo muri Kivu ya Ruguru, birimo Teritwari ya Nyiragongo n’ahandi.
Inama y’Akanama gashinzwe Umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yateranye ku wa Gatatu, tariki ya 19 Mata 2023, byari umuriro hagati y’u Rwanda na Congo. Intumwa y’uyu Muryango yari yaroherejwe muri Congo yari yaje gutanga raporo imbere y’aka Kanama, ndetse yongera kwemeza ko u Rwanda ari rwo nyirabayazana mu gukurura umutekano muke muri aka karere, rwitwaje ko FDLR ifatanya na FARDC. Umwe mu myanzuro y’iyi raporo uvuga ko u Rwanda rugomba guhatirwa gushyikirana na FDLR mu gihe cya vuba.
Akimara gusoma iyi raporo, yabaye nk’uwakije umuriro, kuko uhagarariye u Rwanda muri LONI, Amb. Claver Gatete yahise atera induru avuga ko iyi raporo ibogamiye kuri Congo, ko ndetse u Rwanda rutazigera rushyikirana na FDLR, ngo yasize ikoze ibara mu Rwanda, akirengagiza ko abagize uyu mutwe hafi ya bose bavukiye muri Congo nyuma y’uko FPR yari ifashe ubutegetsi mu 1994 ikirukana ababyeyi b’aba bana baje kuvukirayo, none babaye abasore n’inkumi, barashaka kugira uburenganzira ku gihugu cyabo, u Rwanda.
Hakuriyeho uhagarariye Congo muri LONI, Amb. Georges Nzongola Ntalaja, ahita abitera utwatsi, yerekana ko ibyo Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda byose yavuze nta shingiro bifite, ari urwitwazo rwo gukomeza guhungabanya umutekano muri kiriya gice, hagamijwe gukomeza kwisahurira umutungo kamere wa Congo wiganjemo amabuye y’agaciro ashakishwa cyane hirya no hino ku Isi kubera ibiyakorwamo.
Amb. Nzongola yagize ati: «Ntituzigera na rimwe tugirana imishyikirano n’umutwe wa M23, nta gihugu na kimwe ku Isi twigeze twumva kiganira n’imitwe y’iterabwoba. Niba u Rwanda rwaranze gushyikirana na FDLR ngo abarwanyi bayo batahe iwabo baduhe amahoro, kuki rwumva twe twaganira n’umutwe w’iterabwoba ufashwa na rwo? Ibyo babyibagirwe kuko guhora babeshya ko FARDC ifatanya na FDLR, bakabigira urwitwazo rwo kutubuza amahoro n’umutekano, bazahamagare abo barwanyi bakemure igituma barabayeho iyi myaka yose mu buhungiro, barebe ko tubigiraho ikibazo (…)».
Yakomeje yerekana ibimenyetso bitanu (5) Congo yakoze kugira ngo ihashye FDLR, ndetse itahe nk’uko u Rwanda rubyifuza, ariko rwo rwakomeje kwinangira rubita abajenosideri kandi ntabo bahuriye na jenoside. Yavuze ko kuva ku wa 20/01/2009 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022, hakozwe ibikorwa bihuriweho bigamije guhiga FDLR birimo ibikorwa bya gisirikare nka Umoja Wetu, Kimya, Amani Leo, kwambura intwaro abarwanyi ba FDLR no kubashyira mu bigo, no guhumbahumba bake basigaye ngo bagirane ibiganiro n’u Rwanda batahe, ariko bigeze ku biganiro u Rwanda rurabyanga, bisa n’aho imbaraga zose zakoreshejwe mu gukemura iki kibazo zabaye imfabusa. Abo bake rero basigaye (résidus) nibo u Rwanda rukomeza kugira urwitwazo muri iyi ntambara, nyamara na rwo rurabizi neza cyane ko abo basigaye ntacyo batwaye.
Mu gihe mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo intambara ikomeje guca ibintu, Perezida Kagame we ntiyicaye akomeje kunyanyagiza (disséminer) muri Afurika yose. Ingabo nyinshi za RDF zinyanyagizwa mu bihugu by’Afurika ziri mu zoherezwa mu butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Ababibumbye cyangwa Umuryango w’Afurika yunze Ubumwe, izindi zikoherezwa hakurikijwe amasezerano y’ibihugu byombi, izindi zikagenda rwihishwa.
Izi ngabo zikunze kujya cyane cyane mu bihugu byahoze bikolonijwe n’u Bufaransa, birimo Centrafrique, Gabon, Congo Brazzaville, hakaba hagiye kwiyongereyemo na Bénin, Guinée Conakry, Togo, Niger n’ibindi, ndetse bimwe muri ibyo bihugu Perezida Kagame yoherezamo ingabo biba bikirimo ingabo z’Abafaransa, kandi ibyo bihugu biba ari ibihugu bikiyubaka, bitaragira ubushobozi bukomeye mu bya gisirikare.
Ibi byose rero bigaragaza ko Perezida Kagame ashaka gusimbura uruhare rw’ingabo z’Abafaransa rwakomeje kugaragara muri ibi bihugu, ariko byageze aho bigaragaza ko uru ruhare rutatanze umusaruro, none Perezida Kagame arimo guseserera muri iki cyuho, akabaca mu rihumye, agamije kwisahurira imitungo kamere n’amafaranga y’ibyo bihugu. Si no muri ibi bihugu byakolonijwe n’u Bufaransa gusa, kuko Perezida Kagame afite ingabo muri Sudani y’Epfo na Mozambique, mu minsi mike akaba ateganya Ibirwa bya Comores, Malawi na Zambia, kugira ngo nabyo abyoherezemo ingabo ze. Ubwo ntituvuze RDC aho ingabo za RDF rihari rwihishwa zikingirije umutwe M23.
Abasesenguzi batandukanye babona ko impamvu Perezida Kagame akomeza kunyanyagiza ingabo ze mu bihugu byinshi, atari we ubikora ku giti cye ahubwo ni igikoresho cya ba Mpatsibihugu, cyane cyane Abanyamerika n’Abongereza, babona ko gusibanganya u Bufaransa muri Afurika byakorwa hifashishijwe uyu munyagitugu bishyiriye ku butegetsi bakazamuvanaho amaze kubageza kucyo bifuza.
Indi mpamvu ishoboka ituma ingabo za RDF zinyanyagizwa nk’ubiba amasaka, ni uko Perezida Kagame ari ruharwa mu gutanga ruswa (grand corrupteur), kugira ngo yigure, hatazagira umukurikirana ku bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi yakoze mu Rwanda no muri RDC. Iyi hagize imiryango idafite aho ibogamiye ishatse kuzamura uruhare rwa Perezida Kagame muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda, mu bundi bwicanyi yakoze nyuma yayo, cyangwa ku byagaragajwe na Mapping Report muri Congo, abandi bahita batera hejuru bati: «Nimusigeho, mudakoma Rutenderi, uriya mugabo adufatiye runini muri Cabo Delgado, Centrafrique, Sudani y’Epfo n’ahandi», nyamara ntibakamenye ko aba arengera inyungu ze bwite.
Ikindi ni uko uko akomeza kohereza izi ngabo ze, akomeza kwigarurira imitungo y’abaturage b’ingaruzwamuheto (populations conquises). Abatari bake bemeza ko ubuzima busharira yanyuzemo muri Uganda, akumva ko Se, Rutagambwa yapfuye, ntamushyingure byatumye agira urukundo ruhebuje rw’amafaranga, ku buryo aho ayumvise ururimi rwe ruhita rusohoka rukareha nk’urw’imbwa ibonye inyama.
Indi mpamvu yigaragaza ni uko Perezida Kagame ari umunyagitugu ryahamye (dictateur reconnu). Ku bw’iyo mpamvu rero ahora yibaza amaherezo umunsi ba Mpatsibihugu bamurambiwe uko bizagenda, agahora rero ashaka kubagusha neza, no kubabera akaboko k’iburyo muri ibi bihugu kugira ngo bakomeze babone ko bakimukeneye, bityo nawe iminsi ashigaje ikomeze kwicuma, kuko na we abizi neza ko iminsi ye ibaze.
Mu buryo Perezida Kagame akoresha harimo kugira umubare uteye ubwoba w’Ingabo. Uyu munsi yemera ko RDF igizwe n’abasirikare bazwi 120,000, mu gihe Amasezerano y’Amahoro y’Arusha yateganyaga 13,000 gusa. Kuri aba yemera kandi 120,000, bangana n’abasirikare bose hamwe b’u Bufaransa, hiyongeraho indi mitwe yitwara gisirikare nk’Inkeragutabara, Maneko, DASSO, Abanyerondo, Abarinda ibipangu by’abakire n’abandi bose baba barahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare ihambaye ku buryo n’iyo wamusaba abasirikare buzuye Afurika yose yababona. Niyo mpamvu rero kuko abizi neza ko mu gihe ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buri ku manga, atabona icyo abahemba, ahitamo kubashakira akazi hirya no hino, mu buryo buzwi cyangwa butazwi.
Ibi byose rero kugira ngo Perezida Kagame abigereho ntashobora gutanga uburenganzira busesuye ku benegihugu be, iteka abahoza ku cyoba cyo kwicwa, kuburirwa irengerwa no gufungirwa ubusa.
Ibi bigaragazwa na Raporo ya “Freedom House 2023 ”, yerekana uko uburenganzira bwa muntu bwubahirizwa mu bihugu no mu Ntara (Countries and Territories) n’uko abantu bisanzuye mu Isi, yashyize u Rwanda mu myanya iheruka ibindi bihugu, n’amanota 23% mu bihugu bitisanzuye (not free).
Indi Raporo ya « World Population Review 2023 »‘, yerekana ni ukuntu abantu bamerewe mu bihugu byabo ndetse n’uko bishimye, uko ibihugu bitekanye n’uko abaturage bafite umunezero mu Isi, nayo yashyize u Rwanda mu bihugu bya nyuma ku Isi, kuko u Rwanda ruri ku mwanya wa 144 mu bihugu 146 byagenzuwe, aho ibiruri inyuma ari Zimbabwe na Afghanstan gusa. Ubu se Nsabimana Callixte Sankara arishimye ?
Nema Ange