Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Perezida Denis Sassou Nguesso, yageze mu Rwanda ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 21/07/2023, mu ruzinduko rw’iminsi itatu, yakirwa kandi anaherekezwa na mugenzi we Paul Kagame, ibintu byatunguye benshi kuko ari we mu perezida wa mbere w’amahanga uhawe iki cyubahiro cyo kwakirwa, agatemberezwa akanaherekezwa na Kagame, usanzwe uzwiho ubwirasi no gusuzugura abandi. Kuri iyi nshuro ibintu byari byahindutse cyane ku buryo buri wese yibazaga ikigenza uyu mu perezida usigiye na Kagame kumara imyaka myinshi ku butegetsi. Abasesenguzi batandukanye bahise babona ko uru ruzinduko rudasanzwe kandi rugamije ikintu kidasanzwe, maze natwe nk’Abaryankuna biyemeje gukubitira ikinyoma ahakubuye dufata umwanya ngo tubacukumburire impamvu ya nyayo yihishe inyuma y’uru ruzinduko, ntibyatugora kuyibona.
Mu kuraranganya amaso mu binyamakuru byandikirwa muri RDC no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zaho, abatari bacye biganjemo Sosiyete Sivile ndetse n’abategetsi batandukanye ntibatinze kwita Perezida Nguesso umugambanyi kuko asanzwe ari inshuti y’akadasohoka ya Perezida Paul Kagame RDC ishinja gutera inkunga M23. Abanyekongo rero bashinje Perezida Nguesso ko icyamugenzaga ari ukugambana n’u Rwanda mu rwego rwo gukomeza gushyigikira no gutera inkunga Umutwe witwaje intwaro wa M23.
Mu gukomeza gucukumbura twamenye ko muri uru ruzinduko ibihugu byombi byasinyanye amasezerano y’imikoranire yiyongera ku yasinywe mbere, ariko mu busesenguzi bwacu dusanga impamvu nyamukuru y’uruzinduko rwa Perezida Sassou Nguesso mu Rwanda ari ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro hagati ya FPR na Congo Brazzaville, nk’uko byatangajwe na Minisitiri wa Congo Brazzaville ushinzwe Ubufatanye Mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere inzego z’abikorera, Denis Christel Sassou Nguesso, watangaje ko amasezerano igihugu cye cyasinyanye n’u Rwanda yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ndetse mu minsi ya vuba umusaruro wayo uzatangira kugaragara aho yatanze urugero ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Yabigarutseho mu kiganiro abakuru b’ibihugu byombi bagiranye n’abanyamakuru kuri uyu wa Gatandatu, ku munsi wa kabiri w’uru ruzinduko. Minisitiri Denis Christel yavuze ko ubufatanye hagati ya Congo Brazzaville n’u Rwanda, bushingiye ku masezerano arimo ayasinywe mu 2015 i Kigali ndetse n’andi yasinywe mu 2022.
Amasezerano amaze gusinywa hagati y’ibihugu byombi ni 33, muri yo umunani yasinywe mu ruzinduko rwa Perezida Kagame muri Congo mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 2022. Muri ayo masezerano, harimo agendanye n’imishinga itanu irimo n’uwo kubaka icyanya cy’inganda mu gace ka Maluku ahazajya hakorerwa ibikoresho bitandukanye. Gusa muri uru ruzinduko byahise bigaragara ko aya masezerano atari hagati ya Leta zombi gusa, ahubwo harimo amwe n’amwe ari hagati ya Congo Brazzaville na Crystal Ventures ya FPR-Inkotanyi.
Minisitiri Denis Christel Sassou Nguesso yabishyize hanze avuga ko Crystal Ventures ifatanyije na Minisiteri y’Ubutaka y’igihugu cye, babonye ubutaka bugomba gukorerwaho umushinga w’ubuhinzi bw’umuceri mu bice birimo Nyali na Bouenza. Yavuze ko magingo aya, hari hegitari ibihumbi 121 zimaze kuboneka mu zigera ku bihumbi 158 zizakorerwaho uyu mushinga w’ubuhinzi. Undi mushinga Crystal Ventures ihuriyeho n’iki gihugu ni ujyanye no gukora ubworozi aho kugeza ubu hegitari 11 zigomba gukorerwamo uyu mushinga zamaze kuboneka. Ibi byiyongeraho kandi ubufatanye mu bijyanye n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, aho na none Sosiyete ya FPR, Crystal Ventures, imaze kubona impushya enye zo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu mishinga ine, mu gace ka Kanga-Mitoko.
Mu kubishimangira Minisitiri Denis Christel Sassou Nguesso yabishimanguye agira ati: “Muri Kanama 2023, ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, bizatangira.” Mu kujijisha Abanyarwanda ko atari FPR yiteguye kunyunyuza ubukungu bwa Congo Brazzaville, ishoramari rya Crystal Ventures muri iki gihugu rikorwa binyuze muri Sosiyete nshya iyishamikiyeho ikora ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Mu 2021 Crystal Ventures yatangije Macefield Ventures Limited (MVL), ikindi kigo gishinzwe ibikorwa byo ku rwego mpuzamahanga cya FPR kigamije kunyunyuza imitungo y’ibihugu birangaye. By’umwihariko Leta ya Congo yasezeranyijwe ko Crystal Ventures izatanga amazi, internet n’amashanyarazi. Ibi bifatwa nk’ubuhendaban kuko icyo Congo Brazzaville itazi ni uko nta keza FPR ibashakira na gato, ahubwo ikiyaraje ishinga ari ugusahura kugeza ku ndunduro iki gihugu kimaze kumenyera umunyagitugu wabigize intego.
Perezida Denis Sassou Nguesso abajijwe niba atabona ko mugenzi we Kagame atarimo kumuhenda ubwenge yavuze ko aya masezerano agamije iterambere ry’Afurika, ku buryo abayanenga bose badasobanukiwe icyo agamije. Ati “Ni amasezerano agamije iterambere ry’inzego nk’ubuhinzi, inganda, ibyo bivuze ko ari amahirwe aba ahawe Afurika yo kwikorera ibintu ubwayo.” Yakomeje agira ati: “Tuzateza imbere urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, dushakishe ahari amabuye y’agaciro hose, simbona ukuntu umunyafurika wa nyawe, ashobora kubinenga… abo babirwanya ni abantu batabyumva, tuzakomeza kubisobanura.”
Perezida Kagame we abajijwe icyo aya masezerano azungura abanyagihugu b’ibihugu byombi yavuze ko nta kirakorwa mu kubyaza umusaruro aya masezerano, ko hari ibintu byinshi biri imbere byo gukora ku buryo noneho n’abanenga bazabona icyo baheraho. Ibi rero yavuze ni ukuri kuko nta karakorwa ngo ubusahuzi bwa Congo zombi bwerure kuko kuko Kagame na Crystal Ventures ye bateganya kujya basahura amabuye y’agaciro muri Congo Kinshasa, agacuruzwa mu mahanga byitwa ko yacukuwe muri Congo Brazzaville.
Muri rusange u Rwanda na Congo Brazzaville ni ibihugu bidahuje ibintu byinshi ariko ba Perezida Kagame na Nguesso bahuje ibintu byinshi cyane dore ko bose ari abasirikare bafite ipeti rya Général, bafashe ubutegetsi ku ruhembe rw’umuheto, bakaba bataniteguye kubuvaho mu gihe cya vuba.
Denis Sassou Nguesso yavukiye mu gace ka Edou, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 1943, ategeka Congo Brazzaville kuva ku wa 08/02/1979 kugeza ku wa 31/08/1992, ariko yongeye kwiyamamaza aba uwa 3, asimburwa ku butegetsi na Pascal Lissouba, yaje kongera guhirika akoresheje ingufu za gisirikare, ku wa 25/10/1997, akaba akibuganjeho na magingo aya. Kimwe na Kagame, Nguesso akuriye ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, Ishyaka ry’Abakozi (Congolese Party of Labour-PCT), ryashinzwe mu 1969, akaba yaranashakanye muri uwo mwaka na Antoinette Loemba Tchibota. Nta bundi buzima Nguesso azi uretse igisirikare no kuba perezida. Ibi akaba abihuriyeho na Kagame, ibintu byanabagize inshuti z’akadasohoka.
Ubuperezida bw’aba bombi bwaranzwe no kugira Abaminisitiri b’Intebe benshi. Kagame amaze gukorana na Bernard Makuza, Pierre Damien Habumuremyi, Anastase Murekezi na Edouard Ngirente, mu gihe Nguesso amaze gukorana na Isidore Mvouba, Clément Mouamba, Anatole Collinet Makosso uriho kuva mu 2021. Na none kimwe na Kagame, Nguesso akimara guhirika ku butegetsi Pascal Lissouba, hagiyeho inzibacyuho isozwa n’amatora yo mu 2002 arayatsinda, yongera kuyatsinda mu 2009.
Mu buryo busa neza neza, mu 2015, aba baperezida bombi bahinduye Itegeko Nshinga bagamije kugundira ubutegetsi. Aya mavugurura yatumye kuva mu 2016 Nguesso yiyongeza manda ya 3 n’iya 4 mu 2021 ku majwi 88.4%, atsinda abo bari bahanganye 6, barimo Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas wamukurikiye agira 7.96%, Mathias Dzon abona 1.92%, abandi batatu bagabana 1%. Kagame nawe ntiyatanzwe yihaye manda ya 3 mu 2017, bose kugeza ubu ntacyo baratangaza niba bazakomeza mu zindi manda ariko ni ibintu byigaragaza unashingiye ku bufatanye n’ubucuti bw’akadasohoka aba baperezida bombi bafitanye.
Kimwe na Kagame, Nguesso azwiho gusesagura cyane umutungo w’igihugu cye. Dufashe urugero muri Nzeri 2006, igihe habaga Inama Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, abari kumwe bya hafi na Nguesso barimo abo mu muryango we, baraye mu byumba 44, bibatwara amapawundi arenga ibihumbi 130 (£130,000), amafaranga yari arenze inkunga yose u Bwongereza bwageneye Repubulika ya Congo muri uwo mwaka, ingana na £106,000, nk’uko byatangajwe n’ikinyamakuru cy’Abongereza, The Sunday Times.
Muri mwaka ukurikiyeho wa 2007, Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta wo mu Bwongereza, Global Witness, wasohoye inyandiko zigaragaza ko umuhungu wa Perezida, Denis Christel Sassou Nguesso yakoresheje amagana y’ibihumbi by’amadolari yavuye mu bucuruzi bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ayishimishamo mu kugura imyenda y’agaciro ya Louis Vuitton na Roberto Cavalli mu mijyi ya Paris na Dubai. Mu kwezi kwa 11/2020, ku gitutu cy’abategetsi bo mu Bushinwa, Sassou Nguesso na bane mu baminisitiri be basheshe kontaro n’Abanya-Australia mu bucukuzi bw’Ubutare (Fer/Iron) mu birombe bya Mbalam-Nabeba, bahita batanga impushya eshatu kuri Kompanyi itazwi ishamikiye kuri Sichuan Hanlong Group y’Abashinwa, none ibisigaye bihawe Crystal Ventures ya FPR, kuko nyine Abanyarwanda bavuga ngo “ibisa birasabirana!”
Ahirwe Karoli