Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Mu kinyoma kiruta icya Semuhanuka, kuri uyu wa 27 Ugushyingo 2024, Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINECOFIN, Richard Tusabe, yavuze ko arenga miliyari 4.5$ yabonetse yashowe mu gukumira ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe no gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga ijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, ariko nta gikorwa na kimwe yigeze atangaho urugero.
Bimaze kumenyerwa ko Leta y’igitugu yafashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu mu Rwanda mu myaka 30 ishize nta kindi ishyira imbere uretse kwigwizaho imitungo ya rubanda no gushora igihugu mu madeni, maze rubanda rwa giseseka rugakomeza gushorwa mu manga y’ubujyahabi no kwicira isazi mu jisho, nyamara abambari ba FPR-Inkotanyi bakikije Perezida Paul Kagame batabura kwigwizaho ibyo bakeneye n’ibyo badakeneye. Uburyo rero bwo kugera kuri iyi ntego ni uguhora mu matekinika y’imibare n’imishinga ya baringa igamije guhuma amaso rubanda, ikerekwa abanyamahanga yanditse neza nabo si ugutanga amafaranga bakivayo, nyamara batazi ko amenshi ahitira ku makonti y’ibikomerezwa, icyizere kigakomeza kuraza amasinde.
Muri ibi binyacumi bibiri by’imyaka bishize noneho ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame bwungutse irindi tekinika rishingiye ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere, aho ubwo butegetsi buhora mu ma raporo atagira ibikorwa nyamara amafaranga atagira ingano agakomeza kwisuka, yaba avuye mu nguzanyo zifatwa hirya no hino zigashora igihugu mu madeni atari ngombwa, yaba no mu nkunga cyangwa imfashanyo ibihugu bikize bigenera u Rwanda bizi ko azarugirira akamaro, nyamara aho gusaranganya ibiyavuyemo indege ziyazanye zikabisikana n’iziyajyanye kuyahisha ku makonti y’ibikomerezwa mu bihugu bifatwa nka “paradis fiscaux”, nk’uko impapuro ziswe “Panama papers” zitahwemye guhora zishyira ku mugaragaro ibi bisambo by’ingufu bidafite ikindi byashyize imbere, uretse guhitana uwo ari we wese utinyutse gutunga urutoki ubu bujura buba bwateguwe.
Mu kwigwizaho ibya rubanda rero usanga agatsiko kari ku butegetsi i Kigali kadahwema guhora kagaragaza imishinga idafite shinge na rugero, ahanini igamije gukinga ibikarito mu maso abatanga amafaranga, kuko abanyagihugu bo baba babyibonera neza ko imishinga ivugwa ari baringa, nta kiyivamo. Dufashe nk’urugero rwa vuba Leta y’u Rwanda mu kwezi gushize nibwo yamuritse icyo yise “gahunda nshya igamije kwihutisha ishoramari mu bikorwa byo kurengera no kubungabunga ibidukikije” (Climate and Nature Finance Strategy- CNFS). Icyo gihe byavugwaga ko iyo gahunda igamije guhindura u Rwanda igihugu gifite ubukungu buhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe kandi bubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Nyamara se ni gute yari gusobanurira imiryango ihora ibura abayo bishwe n’ubutegetsi mu gihe ihame rusange ryo kurengera ibidukikije rishyira ubuzima bw’umuntu mu izingiro rwagati? Byaba se bimaze iki kubungabunga amashyamba, n’imigezi, n’ubwo nabwo bidakorwa uko bikwiye, ariko ubuzima bw’abantu buri mu kaga gateye kwiheba?
Minisiteri y’Imari (MINECOFIN) yatangaje ko iyi gahunda-baringa ya CNFS yari iteganyirijwe ingengo y’imari isaga miliyari 11$ ngo akazafasha mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego yo kurengera ibidukikije no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, izo ntego zikaba ziri mu mujyo w’amasezerano y’i Paris ku byerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere (Nationally Determined Contributions-NDCs), kugeza mu 2025. Iyi minisiteri itarahwemye kutavugwaho rumwe n’abasesenguzi batandukanye, kuko benshi bemeza ko hakagombye kubaho Minisiteri y’Imari, Minisiteri y’Ubukungu na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi, iyi yanyuma ikanahabwa ingufu nyinshi, kuko usanga ibikorwa byinshi byigwa nabi bikarangirira mu mpapuro gusa, yatangaje ko hamaze kuboneka miliyari 4.5 $ yagenewe gushyira mu bikorwa intego u Rwanda rwihaye mu kurengera ibidukikije no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, nyamara washaka ibyo bikorwa ukabibura, ahubwo bikavugwa ko habura andi miliyari 6.2$ azakoreshwa kugeza mu 2030. Aha rero niho bamwe bahera bemeza ko aya ari mafaranga ashorwa mu kugura ibitwaro byifashishwa mu ntambara z’urudaca zihora mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo.
Mu itekinika rikomeye MINECOFIN yatangaje ko iyi gahunda izibanda ku ngingo eshanu ari zo kongera ishoramari mu mishinga idahumanya ikirere kandi irwanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire yacyo, imikoreshereze ihamye y’amafaranga ya Leta mu bikorwa birengera ibidukikije, gukangurira abikorera gushora imari mu mishinga ibungabunga ibidukikije, korohereza abikorera bashora imari yabo muri iyi mishinga no kunoza uburyo bwo gukurikirana no kugenzura iryo shoramari. Nyamara se ko gahunda yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2020 hagashorwamo miliyari 4.5$, kuki hatagaragaza icyakozwe ngo herekanwe n’imbogamizi zituma hasabwa andi miliyari 6.2$, hakanimurwa igihe cyashyizwe mu 2030? Kuki ishami rishinzwe kugenzura amafaranga yagenewe ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ikirere (Climate Finance Department) ridatangaza raporo y’ibyakozwe ngo n’undi wese abone ko hari ibyakozwe ndetse bikeneye gukomeza? Ninde se utabona ko ari itekinika ryitwaje imihindagurikire y’ikirere, nyamara inyungu zikaba iz’agatsiko kari ku butegetsi?
Kimwe n’andi matekinika yose Leta ya FPR ikora, iri naryo rivuga ko ryaje mu murongo w’Icyerekezo 2050, aho u Rwanda rwifuza kuba rufite izamuka ry’ubukungu n’iterambere bijyana n’inzira y’imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’umutungo kamere mu buryo burambye, hubakwa ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Bikanavugwa ko kugera mu 2030, u Rwanda rwifuza kuzaba rwaragabanyije ku rugero rwa 38% by’umwuka wangiza ikirere rwoherezayo. Iki cyo ni ikinyoma cya Semuhanuka kuko nta n’inganda zihari zohereza iyo myuka mu kirere, ahubwo usanga umuturage ahozwa ku nkeke ngo hararwanywa amashashi ya plastiki akoreshwa inshuro imwe, ukagira ngo uwo muturage niwe uba yayinjije mu gihugu. Ese kuki aya mafaranga adashorwa mu buhinzi ko ari bwo bukorwa n’abarenga 80% by’abaturage ndetse bakemera ko bwinjiza 33% mu musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu? Ariko se bushorwemo imari gute kandi Leta yaranyaze amasambu yose abaturage ikayabakodesha, ikababuza kubyaza umusaruro ibishanga byari bibatunze, ahubwo bagahatirwa guhinga igihingwa kimwe, nacyo cyungura abambari ba FPR gusa?
Iri tekinika kandi rije ryiyongera ku risanzwe aho hafi 5.4%, hafi miliyoni 217.6$ mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2023/2024, bivugwa ko yagenewe urwego rw’ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere na gahunda zo kurengera ibidukikije, nyamara se uretse kuzuza amakonti y’abambari ba FPR, hakozwe iki mu by’ukuri? Ese imikoreshereze y’isoko ryiswe “carbon market” ryamuritswe mu 2023 ryo ryageze kuki ko havugwaga ko Leta izajya itanga impushya ku bigo by’ubucuruzi bigira uruhare mu kohereza umwuka wangiza ikirere? Impapuro mpeshamwenda zavugwaga ko zigamije kurengera ibidukikije zizwi nka “Green bonds” zatanzwe na sosiyete ishamikiye kuri Crystal Ventures yitwa Prime Energy zunguye iki abanyagihugu? Nyamara ukomeje kuhagwa ni umuturage ubeshywa ko ari ku isonga kandi ahubwo ari ku musonga, kugeza ho n’ubashije kugura moto ngo abashe gutwara abagenzi yiteze imbere, abashe no gutunga umuryango we, ashyirwaho amananiza izikoresha lisansi ntizizongera kwandikwa mu Mujyi wa Kigali guhera muri Mutarama 2025, hakazajya handikwa izikoresha amashanyarazi gusa kandi byaramaze kugaragara ko nta byuma bisimbura ibishaje bihari, ahubwo ari uburyo bwo gukiza amakompanyi ya FPR azazicuruza, bikaba byaremejwe hatarebwe agahinda k’abatwara abagenzi kuri moto basanzwe batorohewe na mubazi, imisoro y’umurengera n’ibindi byinshi bamwe baraziretse burundu abandi bakishora mu ngeso mbi.
Mu kinyoma kiruta icya Semuhanuka, kuri uyu wa 27 Ugushyingo 2024, Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINECOFIN, Richard Tusabe, yavuze ko arenga miliyari 4.5$ yabonetse yashowe mu gukumira ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe no gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga ijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, ariko nta gikorwa na kimwe yigeze atangaho urugero. Ni mu biganiro byari biyobowe n’umunyamakuru w’umunyakenya, Eugene Anangwe, bivuze ko bitari bigenewe Abanyarwanda, ahubwo byari bigamije gutekinika abanyamahanga barimo n’abafata ibyemezo ku mafaranga ahabwa u Rwanda rukayashora mu ntambara hirya no hino, cyane cyane mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo. Ibi rero nta kindi biba bigendereye uretse gukenesha abaturage no kubicira ku rwara nk’inda, bagakomeza gutindahara kuko mu migambi ya FPR harimo ko igihe abaturage bazaba bikuye mu bukene bukabije bazatangira kubona ko bayoboreshejwe inkoni y’icyuma, imizinga ikavamo imyibano, kuko igihe cyose bazaba bugarijwe n’ubukene, bakibara ubukeye bazarwana no kurenza umunsi.
Ikindi kinyoma cy’imbaturamugabo ni uko Leta y’agatsiko kari ku butegetsi i Kigali ikomeje kujijisha amahanga na rubanda ko urubyiruko ari rwo ruhanzwe amaso mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, mu gihe ibifi binini biba byafashe ingengo y’imari y’ibikorwa igashirira ku makonti yabyo, bikitwa ko yaburiwe irengero kandi mu by’ukuri aho ari hazwi. Ni muri urwo rwego Guverinoma y’u Rwanda iherutse gutangaza ko miliyari 580 FRW zigiye gukoreshwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurwanya n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kugira ngo mu 2030 ruzabe rwarageze ku ntego yarwo yo kugabanya byibuze 38% by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ipimye toni miliyoni 4.6. Byanavuzwe ko ibikorwa bigamije guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere byihariye 10% by’ingengo y’imari ya 2024/2025. Ibi ni ibyatangajwe nyuma y’amahugurwa ya nyirarureshwa yahawe abanyeshuri bo ku bigo bine by’amashuri: G.S Kimironko I na GS Rugando TSS byo mu Karere ka Gasabo, ndetse na Nyamata TTC na APEBU Nyamata TSS byo mu Karere ka Bugesera, ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 2024, maze asozwa n’ihuriro rya baringa ryiswe “Ihuriro ry’imiryango nyarwanda iharanira kurengera ibidukikije no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, RCCDN”, riyobowe n’umwambari wa FPR, akaba n’umushumba muri iyi ngirwa-huriro, Vuningoma Faustin. Uyu rero yavuze ko kugira ngo intego u Rwanda rufite zigerweho, hakenewe imbaraga z’urubyiruko, asobanura ko ari yo mpamvu muri iyi gahunda bibanze ku rubyiruko kuko ari rwo ruhanzwe amaso mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, cyane ko ari rwo rushobora kugendana n’impinduka ndetse rukaba rufite imyaka myinshi yo kubaho. Ni amahugurwa kandi yatewe inkunga na GTZ-Rwanda, nk’uko byatangajwe n’uwari uyihagarariye, Nsengiyumva Philbert, wavuze ko basabwe gutera inkunga ibikorwa byo guha ubumenyi abakiri bato ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere kuko ari bo gihugu cy’uyu munsi n’ejo hazaza. Nyamara se ruzabigeraho nta ngengo y’imari ko iyakabaye ikora ibikorwa byo guhangana n’ingaruka ziterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, zirimo imyuzure, inkangu, isuri itwara ubutaka, amapfa, inzara, gutwara ubuzima bw’abantu, gusenya ibikorwaremezo n’ibindi?
Uku rero, nta kubishakira ahandi handi, niko FPR n’agatsiko kayo kari ku butegetsi kirirwa kajijisha rubanda, kagatekinika amahanga maze ibifaranga bikaza byisuka, bikarangirira ku makonti y’agatsiko gatoya, abandi basigaye bakaguma mu gihirahiro, babara ubukeye, bwakwira bati “Ntibucya”, bwacya bati “Ntibwira”! Ariko se iri tekinika rizarangira ryari ko ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa FPR bwamaze kunywana naryo, hakaba nta n’ingamba zifatika zo kurihagarika? Gusa icyizere kirahari ko izuba rizarasa rikirukana icuraburindi rya FPR, uko byatinda kose umucyo uzatambika maze Abanyarwanda babone ko nta kindi cyabanywanisha uretse kwitabira Impinduramatwara Gacanzigo, ari nayo izatuma buri munyagihugu wese yicarana n’undi bagasasa inzobe, uwagomye akagororwa, yagororoka bagafatanya kwiyubakira igihugu kizira intambara umunyarwanda arwana n’undi, bitabaye ibyo ng’ibyo FPR izakomeza inyunyuze rubanda, ugize ngo arakopfora imurigise, imwice cyangwa imufunge ubuziraherezo mu rwego rwo gutera abasigaye ubwoba no gukomeza kubaheza mu bukene, kubatindahaza no gutuma nta kindi batekereza uretse kwibaza aho bakura amaramuko.
Ahirwe Karoli