Yanditswe na Nema Ange
Kuva FPR yafata umutegetsi mu myaka irenga 28 ishize, yakomeje kuyogoza u Rwanda, imunga ubukungu, yiba ibya rubanda, yimakaza akarengane, ihonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu n’andi mabi menshi yagiye ikorera abaturage ariko mu kinyoma gihambaye byose bigatwikirwa n’iturufu yo guhagarika jenoside kandi ibihamya byaragaragaye ko yayigizemo uruhare ruhambaye ndetse ikanagira uruhare rwa mbere mu bundi bwicanyi butiswe jenoside. Ibyo byose byabaga amahanga arebera ariko akabirenza ingohe, akicecekera.
Mu bihe bitandukanye agatsiko kari ku butegetsi kagiye gatanga raporo katekinitse maze zigafatwa nk’ukuri amahanga agahora arata iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage ariko wagera mu baturage ukakirwa no kugwingira, amavunja, abaturage bishwe n’inzara, abatagira aho gukinga umusaya n’ibindi.
Ubuzima bwose bw’igihugu bwangijwe na FPR haba mu buhinzi n’ubworozi, uburezi, ubuvuzi, ubucuruzi, umuco, ubutabera, uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibindi, ariko igeze mu bukungu isya itanzitse, irasahura yivayo, yigwizaho imitungo ya rubanda karahava, ariko byose bigakorerwa mu bwiru, imvugo ikaba akarimi gasize umunyu n’ikinyoma gihambaye ku buryo hari uwari gutekereza ko ibintu byose bimeze neza.
Muri iyi minsi rero imifuka n’amakonti bya benshi bikomeje kugorwa no guhaza ibyifuzo biri mu nzozi, mu gihe na none isi ya none yugarijwe n’urusobe rw’ibibazo birimo ingaruka z’icyorezo cya Covid-19 n’intambara ikomeje guca ibintu hagati ya Ukraine n’Uburusiya, isi yose yahinze umushyitsi. Ibi bibazo rero byageze mu Rwanda bihubirana n’igitutu cya FPR bihumira ku mirari ku buryo wa munyarwanda wabaraga ubukeye ngo arebe ko yarenza umunsi, ubu noneho asigaye yibaza ikiri bukurikireho mu isaha imwe iri imbere kuko ubuzima bukomeje kugora benshi, bukabacika uko bwije n’uko bukeye.
Ikibabaje rero n’uko agatsiko ka FPR kafashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu mu Rwanda gakomeje kwigamba ko kahungabanyije ubukungu, kakaba gasa n’aho katitaye ku ishavu abaturage barimo bitewe n’itumbagira ry’ibiciro ku masoko, ryamaze kurenga kure ubushobozi bw’umuturage, mu gihe abaherwe barushaho gukira.
Ikindi kibabaje kurushaho ni uko FPR ikomeje gukwirakwiza ikinyoma cy’uko, nyuma yo koroshya ingamba zo gukumira ikwirakwira rya Covid-19, ubukungu bwazahutse kubera ibikorwa byongeye gusubukurwa, bakavuga ko ubukungu bwazamutse ku kigero cya 8.9% mu mwaka wa 2021/22, ugereranyije na 4.4% bwari bwazamutseho mu mwaka wa 2020/21. Iki rero ni ikinyoma kuko ubukungu bwazamutse ku gatsiko k’abantu bakeya cyane bari mu kwaha kwa FPR, rubanda rusanzwe rukomeza kugorwa no kutabona ikirutunga.
Igitangaje kurushaho kandi kinateye agahinda ni uko agatsiko ka FPR gakomeje kwigamba uburyo kamunze ubukungu bw’u Rwanda, Abanyarwanda bagakomeza guteseka, nyamara ikinyoma kimakajwe ari ukuvuga ngo umuturage ari ku isonga, nyamara Leta igaca inyuma ikamusonga, ikanamukina ku mubyimba.
Uku gukina abaturage ku mubyimba rero FPR yabishyize ku mugaragaro mu nyandiko yahitishije ku muzindaro wayo, Igihe.com, yasohotse kuri uyu wa Kane, tariki ya 03/11/2022, yagaragazaga bimwe mu bipimo bigaragaza uko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwari bwifashe mu mwaka wa 2021/22 twasoje ku wa 30/06/2022, nk’uko byasohowe na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR).
Ni ikigeranyo giteye agahinda iyo urebye ukuntu FPR yishimira ko habaye izahuka ry’ubukungu, mu gihe umuturage yatindahaye, ikumva ntacyo itumbagira ry’ibiciro riyitwaye, ikigamba ko ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryataye agaciro ugereranyije n’amafaranga y’amahanga. Ku rundi ruhande agatsiko ka FPR kishimira ko kwishyurana mu ikoranabuhanga byazamutse nyamara inguzanyo zitangwa zaragabanutse kuko BNR yazamuye inyungu fatizo ku nguzanyo ikava kuri 3.5% mu 2018 ikagera kuri 6% mu 2022, ndetse n’inguzanyo zatanzwe zikishyurwa nabi kubera imishinga yizwe nabi cyangwa zikaba inguzanyo z’agahato.
Nyamara agatsiko kakarenga kakigamba ko amabanki n’ibigo by’ubwishingizi byakomeje kunguka nyamara ntiyite ku guta agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ndetse no kwibaza aho izamuka ry’ibiciro rigana bikaba ibya nyirarureshwa. Ibi byose FPR ikabiterura igatereka aho, ikagira ngo irabwira Abanyarwanda bo mu 1800.
Uyu munsi rero twiyemeje kubabasesengurira iki cyegeranyo kugira ngo dukubitire ikinyoma ahakubuye.
Mu nyandiko yiswe «Umwaka w’amakorosi n’umuvuduko: Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda mu ngingo 10», yitiriwe umunyamakuru Rabbi Malo Umucunguzi wa Igihe.com, yasohotse mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 03/11/2022, Leta ya FPR yigamba uburyo yahungabanyije ubukungu ku buryo bugaragarira buri wese.
- Izahuka ry’Ubukungu
Birababaje kubona FPR yishimira ko umusaruro wavuye ku ngendo zo mu kirere wiyongereyeho 74.9% uvuye kuri -57.4%, ngo bitewe na CHOGM, amarushanwa mpuzamahanga ya siporo n’iminsi mikuru y’ubukwe.
Uretse kubeshya Rwandair ni iyande? Uretse amafaranga atagira ingano ayishorwamo avuye mu misoro y’abaturage, indege Rwandair ikoresha ni izande ? Ninde wungukira muri Rwandair ? Ninde wakumva ko mwaka umwe rwandair yava kuri 57.4 munsi ya 0 ikunguka kugeza kuri 74.9% ? Ubwo byaba bivuze ko yazamutseho 57.4% +74.9% bingana na 132.3%. Ibi rero n’umwana w’imyaka 10 y’amavuko yahita yivumburira ko iki ari ikinyoma cya FPR kigamije kurangaza Abanyarwanda no kubakina ku mubyimba.
FPR yigiza nkana igakabya iyo ivuze ngo irishimira ko umusaruro w’amahoteli na resitora wazamutseho 98.4% uvuye kuri -36.4%, umusaruro w’abantu bakora ingendo uzamukaho 52.7% uvuye kuri -37.6, uwavuye muri serivisi z’ubucuruzi wiyongeraho 10.6% uvuye kuri 6.3%. Ibi se bimariye iki umuturage ?
Ibi ni uburyo bwo gukina ku mubyimba umuturage watindahaye, nyamara FPR ikavuga ko ubuzima bwo mu ngo bwazamutseho 6.6% uvuye kuri 4%, yarangiza ikamwigambaho ngo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi waramanutse uva kuri 4.9% ugera kuri 3.4%, umusaruo w’ibiribwa ukamanuka, ukava kuri 4.9% ukagera kuri 2%, n’ubwo nabyo ari ikinyoma. Nyamara barangiza ngo ingano y’ibikenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw’ingo n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta byageze ku kigero cya 6.6% muri 2022, bivuye kuri 4% muri 2021.
Ibi rero bigaragaza ko iyo FPR ivuze izahuka ry’ubukungu iba idatekereza umuturage, aho icyo iba yimakaje ni ukumukama no kumukamura, ikamutwara utwe, agasigara atakigira n’urwara rwo kwishima, mu gihe amakonti ya FPR akomeza kubyibuha no kubyimba hirya no hino mu mahanga, nta kindi yitayeho.
- Itumbagira ry’ibiciro
FPR yiyemerera ko imwe mu ngingo zihangayikishije benshi muri ibi bihe ari izamuka ry’ibiciro rikomeje gutuma ubuzima buhenda, guhera ku biribwa kugeza ku bikomoka kuri peteroli. Yemera kandi ko ubwo ubukungu bwatangiraga kuzahuka mu 2021, ibicuruzwa bikenewe ku isoko byagiye munsi y’ibihari, biteza izamuka ry’ibiciro. Ariko yibagirwa ko mu Rwanda ryatewe ahanini no kwifuza mu misoro n’imisanzu itagira ingano yakwa Abanyarwanda, ahubwo igatekinika imibare ngo izamuka ry’ibiciro ryageze kuri 4.6% muri Nzeri 2022 rivuye kuri 4.2% muri Kamena 2022. Ibi se ninde wabona ko ari ikinyoma ?
Wasobanura gute ko essence iva Mombasa ikanyura Kampala, ikagera mu Burundi inyuze mu Rwanda, ariko igahenduka kurenza iyo mu rwanda ? Nta kindi kibitera uretse kwifuza mu misoro y’umurengera.
Ikindi kinyoma gikabije, FPR ikavuga ko yazamuye inyungu fatizo ku nguzanyo ikava kuri 3.5% mu 2018, ikagera kuri 5% muri Gashyantare 2022 naho muri Kanama 2022 ikagera kuri 6%. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kuzamura ubukungu si ukongera inyungu fatizo ahubwo ni ukongera umusaruro w’ibituruka imbere mu gihugu. Ariko se FPR yari kuzamura umusaruro gute ubuhinzi bushyirwamo ingengo y’imari itageze kuri 6%, ashorwa mu mishinga atarenga 10%, mu gihe ahembwa abategetsi n’abagaragu babo akarenga 49% by’ingengo y’imari, andi menshi akishyura amadeni y’amahanga ataragize icyo yungura Abanyarwanda.
Gusa na none FPRyemera ko bigiye kurushaho kuba bibi kuko Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (NISR) giheruka gutangaza ko muri Nzeri 2022, ibiciro mu mijyi byiyongereyeho 17,6% ugereranyije na Nzeri 2021 mu gihe muri Kanama 2022 byari byiyongereyeho 15,9%. Ninde se wabura kubona ko ibi ari ugutekinika byaranze FPR kuva yafata ubutegetsi na mbere y’aho ? Niba ahari atubwire !
- Ingano y’amafaranga y’amanyamahanga
FPR irongera igasetsa n’uvuye guta nyina, iyo ivuze ko amafaranga y’amahanga ari mu bubiko bwa BNR yavuye kuri miliyoni 1.6 y’amadolari, muri 2021, agera kuri miliyoni 1.9 y’amadolari, muri 2022. Nyamara ikirengagiza ko ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryataye agaciro ku kigero kirenga 113% bitewe n’uko ibitumizwa mu mahanga byikubye inshuro nyinshi cyane ibyoherezwayo. Aho rero FPR irushirizaho gukina ku mubyimba Abanyarwanda, ni uko yirengagiza ko amafaranga ari mu bubiko bwa BNR ntacyo abamariye, ahubwo ayakabateje imbere ni ahererekanywa mu bantu batandukanye, bagura cyangwa bagurisha ibicuruzwa, ariko FPR yahisemo kuyagabanya muri circulation, izamura inyungu fatizo ku nguzanyo. Ibi se byakomeza gutya kugeza ryari ? FPR irakomeza kwigwizaho ubukungu, abaturage bakarushaho gupfa urupfu rubi.
- Kwishyurana mu ikoranabuhanga
FPR irongera ikikirigita igaseka iyo ivuga ko agaciro ko kwishyura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ku musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu byazamutse ku kigero cya 111.9% muri Werurwe 2022, bivuye kuri 95.5% muri Kamena 2021. Aha BNR izanamo amafaranga ahererekanywa ku ma telefoni ngendanwa yihariye 70% naho kwishyura abacuruzi bigatwara 26% naho gukoresha murandasi bikiharira 2%. Uretse se imibare yo gutekinika niba amafaranga akuwe mu baturage agashyirwa ku makonti, agahererekanywa n’agatsiko k’abantu bake bimariye iki umuturage waburaye, wabuze icyo agaburira umwana, ntamujyane mu ishuri cyangwa ntamuvuze ? Aba bayahererekanya se bagize igice kingana gite cy’Abanyarwanda ?
- Inguzanyo zitangwa zaragabanyutse
Imibare ya BNR igaragaza ko mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2021-2022, inguzanyo nshya zemerewe abazisabye zagabanutseho 1.2 % zigera kuri miliyari 1,181.3 FRW. Inguzanyo se zari kureka kumanuka gute se BNR yarazamuye inyungu fatizo ku nguzanyo zikava kuri 3.5% mu 2018 zikagera kuri 6% muri 2022? Ni ukuvuga se ko FPR ibuze abaminuje mu bukungu cyangwa ni uko bose bimuriye ubwenge mu gifu ?
Uko inguzanyo zihenda ni nako izitangwa ziba ari nkeya cyane, nyamara FPR ikarangaza abaturage ngo inguzanyo ku bukungu bw’igihugu zageze kuri 29.6% muri 2022, zivuye kuri 28.7% muri 2021. Ariko se mu by’ukuri izi nguzanyo zimariye iki abaturage mu gihe zihindukira zikigira ku makonti ya FPR afunguye muri Panama n’ibindi bihugu bifatwa nka paradis fiscaux hirya no hino ku isi?
FPR yongera kwigamba ku Banyarwanda ko inguzanyo mu bucuruzi zihariye 30.9%, ubwubatsi 23% n’inganda zikiharira 10.4% by’inguzanyo nshya. Ikishimira ko impuzandengo y’igipimo cy’inyungu ku nguzanyo cyavuye kuri 16.18% muri 2021 kikagera kuri 16.43%. Ibi rero si ibyo kurata kuko byose ari ibikenesha umuturage ukamurwa, nta kintu na kimwe abyungukiramo, uretse kumwambura na duke twe tugahabwa abakire, ikinyuranyo cy’ubukungu kikarushaho kuba kinini. Ngurwo urwunguko FPR ibara umunsi ku munsi. Ni ukureba ku bigo by’ubucuruzi byayo, ikareba icyo byinjiza, iby’umuturage ntibyitayeho.
- Zimwe mu nguzanyo zishyurwa nabi
FPR yirata ko ubwiza bw’inguzanyo zatanzwe bwiyongereye, ariko ingorane ku rwego rw’imari zituruka ku nguzanyo zitishyurwa neza ziracyahari. Igipimo cy’inguzanyo ziri mu bukererwe mu mabanki zageze kuri 4.3%, mu gihe muri Kamena 2021 zari kuri 5.7%.
Na none FPR yirata ko inguzanyo zitishyurwa neza zagabanutseho miliyari 1 FRW, ziva kuri miliyari 14 FRW muri Kamena 2021, zigera kuri miliyari 13 FRW muri Kamena 2022. Nyamara agatsiko ka FPR kirengagiza ko inguzanyo zitishyurwa neza ari izaba zahatiwe abacuruzi n’abashoramari kuzifata, barangiza bagashyirwaho amananiza mu kwishyura, hakiyongeraho inyungu z’umurengera zakwa n’ama banki ya FPR, bikarangira nyir’ugufata inguzanyo ananiwe kwishyura, agaterezwa cyamunara, agakeneshwa, agatangira kugenda abundabunda, atazi aho ari burare, kandi yarahoze yitunze, yiha icyo ashaka cyose. Ibi rero nibyo biha icyuho abahesha b’inkiko bamaramaje mu gukenesha abantu bakoresheje kubateshereza agaciro imitungo, babifashijwemo n’abakomisiyoneri. Iyi ngingo twayigarutseho, tuzakomeza no kuyivugaho.
- Amabanki yakomeje kunguka
Imibare yerekana ko urwunguko rw’urwego rw’amabanki muri uwo mwaka rwazamutse, kuko inyungu ikomatanyije y’amabanki yiyongereyeho miliyari 18.5 FRW igera kuri miliyari 74.4 FRW mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’umwaka wa 2022, yari ivuye kuri miliyari 55.9 FRW mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’umwaka wa 2021. Aya yose ni amafaranga anyunyuzwa umuturage akungura ibigo by’imari bikorana bya hafi na FPR.
Iki rero nicyo gituma FPR yigamba ko umusaruro w’amabanki yayo wazamutseho miliyari 56 FRW mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2022 ugera kuri miliyari 354 FRW mu gihe wari wazamutseho miliyari 52 FRW mu mu gihe nk’iki muri 2021. Bivuze ko uko bwije n’uko bukeye abaturage barushaho gukamurwa.
- Ibigo by’ubwishingizi
Imibare yerekana ko inyungu y’ibigo by’ubwishingizi yiyongereye igera kuri milliyari 37.2 FRW muri Kamena 2022, ivuye kuri miliyari 32.2 FRW muri Kamena 2021. Ubushobozi bwo kwishyura mu rwego rw’ubwishingizi (Leta n’abikorera) bitari mu munsi y’ijana ku ijana byageze kuri 1327%, bivuye ku 1374% muri Kamena 2021. Igipimo cy’ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ku bishingizi bigenga bitari munsi y’ijana ku ijana kigeza ku 180% muri 2022, aho cyavuye ku 147% muri Kamena 2021.
Ibi byose rero byerekana ko ibigo by’ubwishingizi binyunyuza abaturage, bikarushaho kunguka no kuzuza amakonti ya FPR, mu gihe umuturage arushaho kujya habi, kuko akamwa agakamwa n’ayo mu ihembe.
- Guta agaciro k’ifaranga
Mu itekinika rikataje, agatsiko ka FPR gategeka igihugu, imibare itangazwa yerekana ko ifaranga ry’u Rwanda (FRW) ryatakaje agaciro ka 3.8% ugereranije n’idolari ry’Amerika (USD) mu mpera z’Ukuboza 2021, uvuye kuri 5.4% mu mpera z’Ukuboza 2020. Ibi byaba gutekinika byagira, ikiriho ni uko guta agaciro kw’ifaranga byagize ingaruka utarondora ku muturage udafite amikoro nk’ay’abagize agatsiko ka FPR.
- Izamuka ry’ibiciro riragana he?
FPR isoza itekinika ryayo yibaza bya nyirarureshwa aho izamuka ry’ibiciro rigana. Yemera kandi ko mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari 2022/23 turimo, iteganyamibare ryerekana ko ihindagurika ry’igipimo rusange cy’ibiciro kizaba hejuru y’icy’umwaka ushize, ikanemera ko igipimo rusange cy’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro kizakomeza kuba hejuru mu gice cya 2 cy’umwaka wa 2022 bitewe n’ibiciro by’ibitumizwa mu mahanga bizaba biri hejuru bikanatizwa umurindi n’intambara y’Uburusiya na Ukraine. Imbwija n’inyabutongo se ziva muri Ukraine?
Ibi rero byo kwitwaza intambara ya Ukraine n’Uburusiya sibyo kuko ibiribwa bitumizwa hanze byakagombye gusimbuzwa ibihingwa mu Rwanda n’ayo mafumbire akarorera kuko nta kindi amaze uretse kugundura ubutaka bw’u Rwanda. Aho gukomeza gutekereza kwegeka ibibazo ku mahanga, hakagombye kuvanwa amananiza n’igitugu ku nahinzi, buri wese agahinga ibimwungura kandi akabisarura uko ashaka nta gitutu.
Birababaje kandi biteye kwiheba niba FPR ihungabanya ubukungu ikabworeka mu manga, yarangiza ikajya ku mizindaro inyuzaho amakuru, ikigamba ku Banyarwanda, ibakina ku mubyimba. Nta kundi rero aka gasuzuguro kashira uretse gufata iya mbere, buri wese akitabira Impinduramatwara Gacanzigo, kuko mu byiza yazana harimo kwisanzura no kwihaza mu bukungu.
FPR, WAMUNZE UBUKUNGU URAKABYA, GIRA WIGENDERE, NTITUZAGUKUMBURA
Nema Ange