Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Tumaze igihe dukurikirana ibibazo bibera mu bucamanza bwo mu Rwanda, aho hadakurikizwa amategeko aba yarashyizweho, ahubwo hagakurikizwa amabwiriza, atanditse atangwa n’abantu batageze ku ntebe y’ishuri, bigatuma ubutabera buhinduka ubutareba, imbaga y’Abanyarwanda igakomeza kubirenganiramo, ntaho kubariza hahari. Aka karengane rero gakorwa hirya no hino niko katumye twinjira mu bucukumbuzi.
Mu bucukumbuzi twakoze twasanze kenshi na kenshi aya mabwiriza abacamanza bize amashuri bakaminuza bahabwa, aba yatanzwe n’abantu batakandagiye ku ntebe y’ishuri, bakitwaza amapeti n’imyanya bafite mu gisirikare, bagatanga amabwiriza yo gukandamiza abo badashaka, uwanze kuyakurikiza akitwa amazina mabi ngo ni igipinga, ni ikigarasha, ni umwanzi w’igihugu, n’andi nk’ayo ngayo, byakomeza akisanga yirukanwe.
Abasesenguzi batandukanye ntibari kure y’ubucukumbuzi twakoze, kuko nabo bemeza ko imirongo itangwa n’aba bantu batageze ku ntebe y’ishuri ariyo igihugu kigenderaho, bikitwa gukunda igihugu, kurinda ibyagezweho, gusarura amatunda yaturutse mu rugamba rwa FPR n’ibindi binyoma nk’ibyo.
Dusubiye inyuma gato, mu myaka yakurikiye 1980, abasirikare dufite uyu munsi bari bakiri bato bataragize amahirwe yo kugana ishuri, bamwe bibereye mu nka, ari abashumba, abandi bacuruza utuntu duciriritse ku mihanda ya Kampala, nyuma bumvise intambara ya Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, muri Uganda, bayibonamo amahirwe adasanzwe, ndetse bamufasha kuyirwana, afata igihugu muri Mutarama 1986.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho habayeho gutoza abasore n’inkumi b’Abanyarwanda ibya gisirikare kugira ngo bazabashe kuyobora bagenzi babo kuko hategurwa kugaba ibitero ku Rwanda. Ni nako byagenze ku itariki ya 01 Ukwakira 1990 urugamba ruratangira, ariko umubare munini wari ugize abasirikare ba FPR-Inkotanyi, bari babandi batigeze bakandagira mu ishuri, batazi gusoma no kwandika, bakarwana nk’abiyahura kuko bari bazi ko mu buzima busanzwe nta kindi bashobora, none uyu munsi babaye ba Generals na ba Colonels, nibo batanga amabwiriza yose igihugu kigenderaho aho bitwa « Senior Officers», ariko ibindi ntubibabaze.
Uyu munsi aba basirikare bahoze inzererezi bakaba basigaye bitwa ba «Afande» nibo bisanze bagomba gushyiraho inzego zose z’igihugu, nyuma y’uko abakazigiyemo bari bamaze kwicwa, abandi babaciriye ishyanga. Bahereye ku bakozi baturutse mu bihugu by’abaturanyi, cyane cyane Uganda na Tanzania, maze ba « Afande » bakabaha umurongo ngenderwaho, bakanabaha n’amabwiriza, n’ababasimbuye biba uko.
Aya mabwiriza atangwa na ba « Afande », bamwe bahoze ari abashumba abandi ari inzererezi, yaragiye yinjira mu nzego zose, haba mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, imitwe yombi, mu Butegetsi Nyubahirizategeko ndetse no mu Butegetsi bw’Ubucamanza, maze bigeze muri uru rwego rwa nyuma ibintu biradogera, kuko aya mabwiriza agena ugomba kwicwa, gukatirwa cyangwa kugirwa umwere, nyamara abayatanga ntaho bize amategeko, ahubwo bakitwaza ko babohoje igihugu bakakigira icyabo ku buryo abize nta jambo rinini bafite.
Aha niho usanga umuntu yafashwe acyekwaho icyaha runaka, ukumva ngo amabwiriza yatanzwe Gen. Fred Ibingira, udafite icyo azi ku mategeko, ariko inzirakarengane igafungwa, nyuma y’imyaka ine ikazaba umwere ikarekurwa, ntigire n’uwo ibaza indishyi z’akababaro. Undi munsi ukumva ngo Kanaka yafunzwe ku mabwiriza ya Col. Twahirwa Dodo, utazi no kwandika izina rye, kuko inyungu ze mu gutwara abantu mu Mujyi wa Kigali zabangamiwe, kandi ari cyo gihembo yagabiwe n’izindi nkandagirabitabo babanye mu Rugano.
Aba tugaragaje ni babiri gusa, ariko urutonde ni rurerure cyane, aho usanga ibigo bikomeye nka RIB biyobowe na (Rtd) Col. Jeannot Ruhunga n’Umuvugizi Dr. Murangira B. Thierry, bize amashuri menshi, ariko ugasanga amabwiriza yo gufunga no gufungurwa atangwa n’abantu batigeze bagera mu ishuri, ngo bize kwandikisha ikaramu ndende (imbunda), bityo bikabaha uburenganzira bwo kwica bagakiza uwo bashaka, igihe bashakiye. Aba kandi baba bumvwa cyane kuko baba bavuga ngo bigererayo, abandi ntacyo bavuze. Birababaje kuba umucamanza wabyize ananirwa guhana umunyabyaha cyangwa kurenganura urengana, ahubwo akabanza kubaza ba « Afande » icyemezo ari bufate, nyamara bakirengagiza ko ihame ry’ubutabera ari uko buhabwa buri wese kandi mu buryo buboneye. Inzirakaregane rero ziragwiriye muri iyi minsi ya none, aho gereza muri rusange zigeze ku bucucike bwa 174.6% ku mpuzandengo (moyenne) ariko hakaba na gereza zigeze ku bucucike bwa 300% no kuzamura. Nta kindi rero kibitera atari amabwiriza ya ba « Afande ». Aha rero niho wibariza amaherezo y’aka kaga, ukayashaka ukayabura, ukumirwa gusa.
Dufashe nk’urugero, mu mwaka wa 2021 ujya kurangira twabonye abagabo n’abagore 8 bafashwe barafungwa bazira ko basomye igitabo gusa. Gusoma igitabo ubwabyo si ikosa, nta n’ubwo ari icyaha umuntu yahanirwa, ariko iyo bigeze kuri ba ba «Afande» batageze ku ntebe y’ishuri, bumva ko ibintu byadogereye, bagahita batanga amabwiriza, batazi n’ibyanditse muri icyo gitabo, kuko nyine gusoma ibitabo si umuco wabo.
Birababaje kubona abari mu rwego rw’ubucamanza ni ukuvuga guhera hasi muri Polisi, mu Bugenzacyaha (RIB), mu Bushinjacyaha (Parquet), mu Nkiko no mu bacungagereza (RCS), hose huzuyemo abantu bize amategeko, ariko bakaba badashobora kurenganura urengana, kuko amabwiriza yatanzwe na «Afande» utazi kwandika izina rye, ubwo ba nyakugorwa bagakomeza kuborera muri gereza, bategereje ko Imana izabibuka.
Ku rundi ruhande mwene aba barengana baba bashinjwa ibyaha byitwa ngo ibya «politiki», maze izi nzobere mu bwicanyi ndengakamere zikarengera inyungu za politiki, kuko zifite ijambo muri FPR, ababyize bakaburizwamo, amabwiriza agatangwa n’inkandagirabitabo. Hari n’abajya bavuga ko mbere ya 1994, umusirikare wa FPR wabaga yarize agakora agakosa gato yitwaga «Intellectual», agakubitwa agafuni.
Tugarutse kuri aba bagabo n’abagore bafunzwe mu kwa 10/2021, bahuye n’uruva gusenya, kuko kugeza uyu munsi batazi uwatanze amabwiriza yo kubafunga, kandi bakaba batagezwa mu Nkiko, kuko bazi ko gusoma igitabo nta cyaha kirimo, yewe n’ikosa kurishaka bizababiza icyuha, na cyane ko amakosa adafungirwa.
Aba bose bafunzwe bazira gusoma igitabo cyitwa « COMMENT FAIRE TOMBER UN DICTATEUR QUAND ON EST SEUL, TOUT PETIT, ET SANS ARMES ?» Ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda ni nko kuvuga ngo « Ni gute wakwigobotora umunyagitugu uri nyakamwe, uri muto, udafite n’intwaro ? » Iki ni igitabo cyanditswe n’umunya-Serbia witwa Srdja Popovic, mu 2015, n’ubwo Milosevic yari amaze imyaka myinshi apfuye. Nyuma yo kwiga Kaminuza i Belgrade, Popovic, mu 1998, yashinze umutwe wo kurwanya Milosevic, awita Otpor ! bisobanuye « Resistance ! », awifashisha mu guhirika Milosevic, wavuyeho mu 2001, ahita atangira gukurikiranwa n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho Yougoslavie, ashinjwa kwica abantu benshi, mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwe, ndetse aza kugwa mu munyururu mu 2006.
Imyaka 9 nyuma y’uko Milosevic apfa, Popovic yanditse iki gitabo agikusanyirizamo inzira 10 zo kwigobotora umunyagitugu, kugira ngo asangize isi yose uko byagenze kugira ngo Milosevic wicaga agakiza, nawe yisange yaguye muri gereza. Izi ngingo rero twazibanyuriyemo kugira ngo murebe ko nta cyaha kirimo, gishobora gushinjwa, abagisomeye i Kigali, kibababera intandaro yo gufungirwa i Mageragere nta kirengera.
Mbere yo kubinjiza muri iki gitabo, twababwira ko ari igitabo kigishwa muri Kaminuza nyinshi, ku buryo umwanditsi Srdja Popovic afatwa nk’umuhanga w’akataraboneka muri politiki, bigatuma ibyo yanditse bihabwa agaciro kandi bikigishwa. Ubundi ntaho byabaye ko gusoma igitabo kigishwa muri kaminuza byahinduka icyaha, uretse nyine mu maso ya ba ba « Afande », batakandagiye mu ishuri, bica bagakiza.
Ingingo 10 Srdja Popovic yanditse mu gitabo cye zafasha kwigobotora umunyagitugu ni izi zikurikira :
- Kutisuzugura : Umwanditsi asanga iyo umuntu ari wenyine, yibereye iwe, aba yumva ntacyo amaze, atari byo, ko ahubwo buri wese afite akamaro. Ntiyemera rero umuntu wumva akwiye kwisuzugura.
- Kwagura imitekerereze : Popovic na none asanga atari byiza gushaka guhindura ibintu huti huti, ko ahubwo ubutwara gahoro gahoro kandi ugatangirira ku kantu gatoya. Ati : « Ugomba gushaka ikintu cyahuza abantu benshi ». Atanga urugero kuri Mahtma Gandhi wo mu Buhinde wifashishije umunyu Abongereza bacukuraga mu nyanja, bakawugurisha Abahinde kandi ari uwabo, abaturage babyumva vuba, bamujya inyuma, nta n’iyonka isigaye, impinduramatwara irashoboka.
- Kureba ahazaza ejo : Uyu mwanditsi avuga ko ushaka impinduka atagomba kuvuga ibintu mu kirere, ahubwo ngo agomba kwereka abaturage ko ibyo ababwira bizagira ejo hazaza heza ku buzima bwabo.
- Kumenya inkingi z’ubutegetsi : Na none uyu mwanditsi avuga ko utakora impinduka utabanje kumenya inkingi zigize ubutegetsi. Avuga ko igitugu cyose kiba kishingikirije inkingi, ku buryo utakigobotora utabanje gusenya izi nkingi. Ikindi uba ugomba kureba ni aho igihugu gikura ubukungu.
- Akanyamuneza no guseka : Uyu mwanditsi avuga ko ibyo ukora byose ubikorana umutima mwiza, ndetse ukanyuzamo ugaseka kugira ngo wereke abaturage ko ubafitiye impuhwe n’urukundo, ukabereka ko umutima wawe ukeye. Yongeraho ko nta kintu kirakaza abanyagitugu nko kubaseka iyo bakoze amabi.
- Gukoresha ubutegetsi amakosa : Popovic yemera ko iyo wikoreye ibintu wisekera, ubutegetsi bukaza bukaguhohotera, rubanda ruba rubibona, bigatuma rukwibonamo, kandi nta kindi kibiteye, uretse kuba wakoze ibyo ugomba gukora byiza, ariko ubutegetsi bwakurenganya mu makosa, ugahita umenyekana.
- Kugira ubumwe : Uyu mwanditsi avuga ko icyo yabonye mu barwanya igitugu aba ari benshi, buri wese agashaka gukurura yishyira, ugasanga abantu barashwana kandi bidakwiye. Abona rero ko gutatanya ingufu kw’abarwanya igitugu biha imbaraga umunyagitugu, bigatuma abamurwanya ntacyo bageraho.
- Kugira uruhengekero (Plan B) : Umwanditsi Popovic kandi asanga abarwanya igitugu badakwiye kugira umugambi umwe, kuko iyo uwa mbere upfuye haba hagomba kuboneka uwa kabiri, ugakorwa nta kirapfa cyangwa ngo abantu bacike intege batatane, ahubwo bagahora bumva ko basangiye byose.
- Kudahutaza : Srdja Popovic agira inama abarwanya igitugu ko bagomba guhora birinda kuba bagira uwo bahutaza, bakamugirira nabi. Abona ko igihe abarwanya igitugu bakoresheje ingufu ntaho batandukaniye n’umunyagitugu. Urwanya igitugu agomba kuzirikana ko atanganya imbaraga n’umunyagitugu, ahubwo akihatira gushyira ubwenge mu byo akora, igitugu kikavaho nta maraso amenetse. Asanga rero guhera ku tuntu duto ari byo bica imbaraga umunyagitugu kurenza kurata imbaraga no guhutaza inzirakarengane. Ngo ibi rero nibyo bituma abarwanya igitugu bayobokwa.
- Kugeza ku ndunduro : Bwa nyuma uyu mwanditsi agira inama abarwanya igitugu yo kudakora ibintu igice. Abona ko akantu gato iyo ugakoze kagakunda, ntugomba kuvuga ko ubwo urugamba rwarangiye. Asanga abarwanya igitugu badakwiye kwishimira intsinzi ntoya (les petites victoires), ahubwo bagomba guhora baharanira kongera. Iyo icya mbere giciyemo, abarwanya igitugu bagomba gukomeza kugeza bageze ku ndunduro.
Ngibi rero muri make, ibya Srdja Popovic n’igitabo yanditse tubigarutseho kugira ngo dutabarize abantu 8 bose bafunzwe bazira kuba barasomye icyo gitabo, kandi mu by’ukuri gusoma igitabo nta kosa cyangwa icyaha birimo. Aba bafungiwe ubusa ni Sylvain Sibomana, Alexis Rucubanganya, Jean Claude Ndayishimiye, Emmanuel Masengesho, Alphonse Mutabazi, Hamada Hagenimana, Marcel Nahimana na Claudine Uwimana. Kuri aba kandi hiyongeraho umunyamakuru Théoneste Nsengimana wa Umubavu TV, wafunganywe nabo ashinjwa ko yari gukora inkuru kuri Ingabire Day bateguraga, ntabyo bikaba bitagize icyaha. Aba bose bagiye kumara imyaka ibiri bafunze, batarahabwa ubutabera buboneye.
Ibi rero tukaba twarasanze mu bucukumbuzi bwacu biterwa na ba ba « Afande » batagize amahirwe yo gukandagira mu ishuri, ariko bakaba batanga amabwiriza ko kwica no gukiza, abo bakeka ko babavuga ibitagenda, bakaba babakuye ku mugati. Bakora uko bashoboye kose ngo babikize bumve batekanye.
Mu kwanzura rero dusanga bibabaje kandi biteye agahinda kuba système yose y’ubutabera mu Rwanda, kuva ukekwaho icyaha atawe muri yombi, kikagenzwa, kigashinjwa mu Nkiko, kugeza ugihamijwe agiye gufungirwa muri gereza, nyamara byose bidakurikije amategeko, ahubwo ari amabwiriza yatanzwe n’inkandagirabitabo.
Dusanga imiryango yose iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ikwiye guhaguruka ikamagana mwene izi munyumvishirize, aho abantu bangana kuriya bafungirwa ubusa, bagashinjwa gusoma igitabo gusa, nk’aho gusoma igitabo ubwabyo bigize icyaha. Ntidukwiye gutegereza ko agatsiko kari ku butegetsi bw’igisuti i Kigali kazabyuka mu gitondo kakababwira ko babaye abere, bagataha barataye umwanya n’ubuzima bwabo ku gihe bamaze mu myobo bafungiyemo, nta kindi bazira, uretse kuba barasomye igitabo kandi bitagize icyaha.
Remezo Rodriguez