Yanditswe na Manzi Uwayo Fabrice
Twakomeje gusobanura ko amateka y’u Rwanda yamenyekanye hifashishijwe uruhererekane nyemvugo (tradition orale), ariko kuyamenya uko yakabaye bigasaba kwinjira mu nzira nyinshi zari zibumbiye mu muco w’Abanyarwanda, bakawusangira kandi ururimi rwabo Ikinyarwanda rukabahuza ku kigero utasanga ahandi.
Amateka y’u Rwanda mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu tuyamenya biciye mu buryo butatu (3):
- Ibisigo, byamenywaga bikabikwa mu mutwe n’Abasizi bazamuwe cyane na Nyiraruganzu Nyirarumaga, Umugabekazi w’ingoboka wa Ruganzu II Ndoli.
- Ubwiru bwagiraga Inzira 18, ariko izamenyekanye icyakorwagamo ni 17 gusa kuko nta wigeze abwirwa icyakorwaga mu nzira y’amapfizi.
- Ubucurabwenge bwabikwaga n’Abacurabwenge .
Kuri ibi hakiyongeraho Imvugo za rubanda zirimo Imigani miremire, Imigani migufi, Ibisakuzo, Indirimbo n’ibindi.
Habaga kandi Ibyivugo , Amazina y’inka/ Amahamba , Amahigi, Kwitongera isuka, Amavumvu, Imivugo, n’ibindi n’ibindi, ariko iby’ingenzi ni ibi byari bizwi na rubanda rwose kuko habagaho n’imvugo zo mu mihango nk’ Urukonjo rwakoreshwaga mu kubandwa ndetse n’Imitongero yakoreshwaga mu kuvura cyangwa kugangahura hagamijwe gukuraho amahano hakoreshejwe Icyuhagiro. Ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda rwari rukize cyane bitavugwa.
Muri iyi nkuru tugiye kurebera hamwe amateka akubiye mu gisigo cyo mu bwoko bw’ « Ibyanzu » cyitwa
« Aho ishokeye inshotsi ya Gitarama », cyari kigamije kuvuga uko Umwami Ndahiro II Cyamatare yapfiriye u Rwanda, maze rukigabizwa n’abanyamahanga (Abanyabungo n’Abagara), bafashijwe n’Abanyabyinshi, kugira ngo turebere hamwe icyatumye Abaryankuna bahaguruka bakiyemeza kubura u Rwanda, mu buhanga bwinshi no mu bwitange butagira ingero, byose babitewe no gukunda igihugu.
Izina “Abanyabyinshi” rikomoka kuri Byinshi. Byinshi yari mwene Bamara, igikomangoma cyavukaga kuri
Yuhi II Gahima, wategetse u Rwanda kuva mu 1444 kugeza mu 1477. Nyuma yo gutanga (gupfa) kwa Yuhi II Gahima, himitswe Ndahiro II Cyamatare, ariko Bamara bavaga inda imwe, n’umuhungu we Byinshi, banga kuyoboka, barigomeka. Bamara na Byinshi n’abari babashyigikiye bimitse umwami wabo witwaga Juru, banigarurira igice cy’iburasirazuba bwa Nyabarongo, mu gihe Ndahiro Cyamatare yasigaranye gusa igice cy’iburengerazuba.
Juru yaje gupfa, bavuga ko azize kuba yarimye ingoma atarazwe na Yuhi II Gahima, noneho mu gice yategekaga bimika Bamara, bumva ko ubwo ari umuhungu wa Yuhi II Gahima, azima ingoma ikamuhira. Nawe ariko ntiyateye kabiri, nawe arapfa asimburwa n’umuhungu we Byinshi, ari nawe ukomokaho Abanyabyinshi. Aba rero bashegeshe bikomeye ingoma ya Ndahiro II Cyamatare, ndetse baca inyuma bajya kugambana n’Abanyabungo, maze batera u Rwanda, bararunyaga barutegeka imyaka 11 yose, bategekesha Abanyabyinshi kuko bari barafatanyije guhirika Ndahiro II Cyamatare.
Gusa Ndahiro II Cyamatare yari azi ko atazatsinda Abanyabyinshi bafatanyije n’Abanyabungo, maze yohereza umuhungu we Ndoli, kubunda (guhunga) kwa Nyirasenge Nyabunyana, wari warashatse i Karagwe k’Abahinda kwa Karemera Ndagara.
Mu gisigo «Aho ishokeye inshotsi ya Gitarama», umusizikazi Nyirarumaga atubwira ukuntu Umwami Ndahiro II Cyamatare yapfiriye u Rwanda. Aho amariye kohereza umuhungu we Ndoli kwa Nyirasenge Nyabunyana i Karagwe, yavuye mu Nduga, ajya gutura ku gasozi kitwaga “Gitarama” ho mu Cyingogo. Kuri iyo Gitarama ni ho ingabo z’Abanyabungo n’iz’Abagara zamusanze zimuteye. Akomerekera ku rugamba rwahabereye, ahava avirirana amaraso, agenda ijoro n’amanywa arwanira ishyaka u Rwanda ngo rutanyagwa.
Ingabo za Nzira ya Muramira, umwami w’u Bugara, zamusongeye ku gasozi ka Nyundo ari na byo byiswe mu mateka y’u Rwanda “Urubi rw’i Nyundo”. Kuva icyo gihe “Inshotsi ya Gitarama” ryabaye izina ry’igisingizo ryaNdahiro Cyamatare. Gusa yari yamaze kwitangira rwigaruriwe n’abanyamahanga.
Abanyabungo n’Abagara bafashijwe n’Abanyabyinshi bayogoje u Rwanda, barutegekekesha agahotoro, bakandamiza buri wese, Abanyarwanda bariheba, bategereza umurengezi, ariko baramubura kuko n’Ingoma y’ingabe y’u Rwanda yari yaranyazwe n’Abanyabungo.
Si ingoma y’ingabe gusa yanyazwe ahubwo abagore n’abakobwa bose bari kumwe na Ndahiro II Cyamatare
babiciye mu « Miko y’Abakobwa » hafi y’umugezi wa Kibirira, harokoka Nyiraruramaga wenyine.
Kubera akaga rero Abanyarwanda barimo, havutse Itsinda ry’ « Abaryankuna », maze rimenya ko Ndoli yagiye kubundira i Karagwe k’Abahinda, maze rya tsinda ryiyemeza kuzajya kumubundura akaza akubura u Rwanda, akarukura ku ngoyi y’Abanyabungo, Abagara n’Abanyabyinshi. Umugambi barawunoza ushyirwa mu bikorwa. Gusa ikintu gikomeye cyababazaga Abaryankuna ni ukuntu Abanyabyinshi bari baragambaniye u Rwanda kandi bakomoka kuri Yuhi II Gahima, maze biyemeza kurwanira u Rwanda batitaye ku muntu uwo ari wese ahubwo bakareba Abanyarwanda nk’abafite uburenganzira ku gihugu.
Abaryankuna rero bariye ubusa barenzaho umuyaga, inkuna zibabera ikimenyetso k’isari nyamara « isari ntiyasumba iseseme, ngo basubire ku cyo bangaga ». Baritanze bikomeye, bakajya bajya kwa Nyabunyana kumubwira aho akaga k’u Rwanda kageze, ari nako bacunga imikurire ya Ndoli kuko bari babizi neza ko ari we uzubura u Rwanda. Iyo myaka yose rero Itsinda ry’Abaryankuna ryagiye rikura mu mubare no mu bwenge, maze bibafasha kubaho ku ngoma y’agahotoro bategereje ko Ndoli azabunduka.
Uyu Ndoli amaze gukura yaje kwima ingoma mu Rwanda, abundutse (avuye mu buhungiro), ategeka u Rwanda kuva mu 1510 kugeza mu 1543, afata izina ry’ubwami rya Ruganzu II. Ariko kuko nyina yari yaraguye mu “Miko y’Abakobwa”, na none Abaryankuna bamenye ko mu bakobwa bahaguye harokotse umwe witwa Nyirarumaga w’Umusingakazi, baramuzana yimana na Ruganzu II Ndoli, yitwa Nyiraruganzu Nyirarumaga. Kugeza ubwo akazi k’Abaryankuna kari gacogoye ariko ntabwo kari karangiye. Bari basigaje akazi gakomeye ko kunga u Rwanda rwari rwaraciwemo ibice n’abanyamahanga.
Mbere na mbere bagombaga kwereka Ruganzu II Ndoli aho abanyamahanga bakambitse kugira ngo abatere, abatsinde, abambure agace banyaze (bubitse), agasubize u Rwanda (akubure). Biba bityo bamujya imbere, babanza gutera Rubingo w’Umugara, bamutsinda ahitwa mu Nzoga za Rubingo, ho mu Buliza (ubu ni mu Murenge wa Jali, Akarere ka Gasabo). Nyuma yo kwica Rubingo no kwigarurira abagaragu be yakurikijeho gutera Byinshi bya Bamara n’abahungu be Rugayi, Rukundamata na Kamasa. Byinshi yahise afatwa yicwa na Ruganzu Ndoli, maze abari baramuyobotse uhereye ku bahungu be, abakwe, abuzukuru n’abandi, barahigwa, baricwa, abacitse ku icumu rya Ruganzu Ndoli, bigira inama yo guhunga.
Abanyabungo bumvise ubukana Ruganzu Ndoli azanye, bashya ubwoba, bahitamo kwisubirira ku Ijwi n’i Bunyabungo, Ruganzu n’ingabo ze batsinda batarwanye, maze Ruganzu ajya kuhira inka kuri rya riba Se yari yarazidahiriyeho. Mu mvugo y’ubusizi izo nka zavugaga Abanyarwanda, iriba rikaba u Rwanda.
Koko rero aho Ndoli abundukiye, ava i Karagwe, afatanyije n’Abaryankuna na Nyirarumaga ubyivugira, u Rwanda barumaze igise cy’inyota yo guhorera u Rwanda no kuruhashya mwo amagomerane yose, bahereye kuri Byinshi n’abana be. Amateka avuga ko ahitwa i Bwishaza (i Rubengera) ariho urugamba rw’Abanyabyinshi na Ruganzu II Ndoli ariho rwabereye isibaniro. Bivugwa ko aha mu mashyamba yo mu Bwishaza, ariho Ruganzu II Ndoli yarasiwe umwambi w’ingobe mu jisho, n’umwuzukuru wa Byinshi bita Rukiramacumu (uyu ukomokaho inzu y’Abanyabyinshi b’Abakiramacumu).
Ndoli II Ruganzu nawe yahimbye igisigo cyitwa « Riratukuye Ishyembe icumita ibindi bihugu », abitojwe na Nyirarumaga, ashimira Abaryankuna ku kazi keza bakoze, bakubura u Rwanda. Ruganzu ntiyari asanzwe ari umusizi nk’Umugabe-kazi we. Yifashishije umusizi ubimenyereye witwaga RWOZI.
Ngayo rero mu ncamake impamvu yahagurukije « Abaryankuna » binjira mu mushinga mugari wo kubura u Rwanda, igihe Abanyabungo, Abagara n’Abanyabyinshi bari bayogoje u Rwanda mu gihe cy’imyaka 11.
Mu kwanzura, twavuga ko muri iki kinyejana turimo amateka yisubiyemo : abakora amabi arenze ay’Abanyabungo, Abagara n’Abanyabyinshi barahari, kandi u Rwanda rwamaze guhinduka umusaka.
Ni yo mpamvu « RNAP-Abaryankuna » yashyize ahagaragara « Itangazo ry’Impinduramatwara- Gacanzigo », ku wa 26 Ugushyingo 2018, kugira ngo ibe kandi ishyigikirwe n’Abanyarwanda bose, bihereye ku rubyiruko, amizero y’u Rwanda rw’ejo, urw’ejo bundi n’urw’igihe cyose. Intwaro y’ « Ubwenge » ikaba ihatse izindi zose. Imana nayo yaravuze ngo « nubura Ubwenge nzakureka ». N’ubwo « Abaryankuna » badaharanira ubutegetsi ariko biteguye gutanga amaraso yabo kugeza ku wa nyuma, ariko abazasigara bakaba mu gihugu cyiza. Igihugu kizira umwiryane n’amacakubiri, giharanira iterambere ry’abagituye bose.
Byongeye kandi buri Munyarwanda ushyira mu gaciro akwiye kumenya amateka y’ « Abaryankuna », ibyo bemera n’ibyo baharanira, urugendo rw’Impinduramatwara Gacanzigo, igamije guhagarika intambara umunyarwanda arwana n’undi, hakunamurwa icumu, hakabaho ubwiyunge bwa nyabwo, hakimikwa ubutegetsi ndemyagiguhu, hagamijwe kubakwa ishyanga rya bose kandi ry’iteka ryose, nk’uko Umuryankuna w’Umushumi, Cassien Ntamuhanga n’abandi Baryankuna batahwemye kubisubiramo mu biganiro bitandukanye. Kuki Abanyarwanda baseta ibirenge mu kubimenya ?
Ntacyo amoko y’ « abiswe Abahutu, abiswe Abatutsi, abiswe Abatwa », yatugezaho habe na mba ! Ku
« Baryankuna, nta Nkotanyi, nta Nterahamwe bose ni abicanyi » ! Nimureke duhaguruke turenge ibyadutanya byose, ahubwo duharanire kurema no kuremerana ibiduhuza ! Mana y’u Rwanda ubidufashemo!
Manzi Uwayo Fabrice