Yanditswe na Nema Ange
Muri iki gihe hari impaka zivuga niba umwenda w’ibihugu bya Afurika ugomba guhanagurwa mu rwego rwo gufasha ibyo bihugu mu guhangana n’ibindi bibazo abaturage babyo bafite muri iki gihe cya Covid 19.
Mu mpera zu mwaka wa 2018, umwenda w’ibihugu by’Afurica wari umaze kurenga miliyari 750 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Nk’Abanyarwanda ntitwabura kwibaza uza mu ba mbere mu bihugu by’Afurica baguza cyane. Ariko reka ibyo ntitubitindeho, ahubwo twirebere ibihugu cyangwa ibigo biza imbere mu kuguriza ibihugu by’Afurika.
Ubushinwa
Urutonde ruherutse gukorwa na Jeune Afrique, rushyira Ubushinwa ku mwanya wa kane mu bihugu cyangwa ibigo bifitiwe umwenda n’ibihugu by’Afurika. Igihugu n’abikorera ku giti cyabo bakaba baragurije ibihugu by’Afurika amafaranga agera kuri miliyari 146 z’amadorali y’Amerika, ariko amwe akaba yarishyuwe cyangwa agahanagurwa. Umugabane w’ubushinwa mu mwenda wose ibihugu by’Afurika bifite ukaba ungana na 17%. Uyu mubare ukaba unyomoza abakunze kuvuga ko Ubushinwa bufite umugabane wa mbere ugera kuri 40% w’uwo mwenda. Ibihugu Ubushinwa bwagurije cyane bikaba Angola, Djibouti, Niger, Zambiya na Kongo.
Club de Paris
Club de Paris ni umuryango ugizwe n’abanyamuryango 22 bahoraho, barimo Ubufaransa, Amerika, Ububiligi, Ubudage, Ubuyapani, Ubusuwisi na Brazile. Intego zawo zikaba izo gufasha ibihugu byagurijwe gushobora kwishyura ibirarane no gushaka ibisubizo byihuse mu giye habayeho ikibazo cy’ubukungu. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2018, uyu muryango wari waragurije ibihugu bigera kuri 48 byo muri Afurika amafaranga angana na miliyari 45 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Muri iki gihe cya Covid-19 ibihugu bya Mali na Kameruni bikaba byahagarikiwe kwishyura umwenda mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe. Kandi ibindi bihugu byinshi by’Afurika bikaba bizakurikiraho.
Banki y’Isi na IMF
Banki y’Isi na IMF, biza ku mwanya wa kabiri w’abafitiwe umwenda n’ibihugu by’Afurika. Umugabane wabyo ukaba ari 27%, gusa ibyo bigo bikaba ari ngombwa mu byerekeranye n’ubukungu kubera ko nta gikorwa ibyo bihugu bishobora gukora ku masoko mpuzamahanga ngo gikunde kidahawe umugisha na IMF. Mu bihe bya Covid-19 IMF yasohoye byihutirwa miliyoni 500 z’amadolari y’Amerika kugira ngo yishyure amezi atandatu y’inyungu z’amadeni y’ibihugu 25 bikennye, harimo 19 byo muri Afurica, n’u Rwanda rurimo. Umubare uzwi w’uwo mwenda ni miliyari 84 z’amadolari y’Amerika wagaragaye mu mpera za 2017.
Mu cyumweru gishize, ku i tariki ya 11 Kamena, IMF yatangaje ko igiye guha u Rwanda miliyoni 111 y’amadolari y’Amerika kugirango u Rwanda rukemure ibibazo by’ubukungu n’imari bituruka ku cyorezo cya coronavirus.
Abashoramari bigenga
Abashoramari bigenga nibo baza ku mwanya wa mbere mu bantu, ibigo cyangwa ibihugu bifitiwe umwenda n’Afurika, kuko bifitemo umugabane wa 40% by’uwo mwenda wose. Abo bakaba bagizwe n’amabanki, ibigo by’ubwishingizi, cyangwa ibigega bicunga amafaranga y’iza bukuru cyangwa ay’abashoramari bo mu bihigu byo hirya no hino.
Mu mpaka zo guhanagura umwenda w’ibihugu by’Afurika, inzobere zikunze kuvuga ko naho ibihugu by’ibihangange byahanagura uwo mwenda ariko ko bizagorana ko abashoramari bigenga babyemera. Ariko ngo mu minsi ishize inzego makumyabiri n’eshanu (25) zigizwe na bamwe muri abo, zishyize hamwe mu itsinda rishinzwe ibikorwa by’abikorera ku giti cyabo kugira ngo batangire ibiganiro n’abahagarariye amaguverinoma yo muri Afurika mu rwego rwo koroherezera ibihugu by’Afurica..
Moody’s, ikigo kireba ibijyanye n’imyenda y’ibihugu, kikanatanga amanota, cyatangaje ejo bundi ku i tariki ya 15 Kamena 2020, ko uwo mwenda ushobora kuzazamuka ukagera kuri 61% by’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2021. Ibyo bigashobora kuzagabanya imbaraga z’u Rwanda mu by’ubukungu kandi ko bishobora no kugira icyo bikora ku manota y’u Rwanda. Ubu u Rwanda rufite B+ (ari ukuvuga ko umwenda u Rwanda rufite wizewe ariko ushobora kuba ufitemo uruhare rw’ubufindo (speculatif)).
Nema Ange