Yanditswe na Umurungi Jeanne Gentille
Amazi y’u Rwanda (Hydrographie du Rwanda) agabanyijemo ibyogogo bibiri: (1) Icyogogo cya Congo (Bassin du Congo), mu Burengerazuba, cyakira 33% by’amazi y’u Rwanda; na (2) Icyogogo cya Nil (Bassin du Nil), mu Burasirazuba, cyakira 67% by’amazi y’u Rwanda. Ibi byogogo byombi bigabanywa n’Isunzu rya Congo-Nil (Crête Congo-Nil). Uru ni urunana rw’imisozi ruhera ku musozi wa Muhungwe (Point Cuminant, 3000 m d’altitude) rukanyura ku musozi wa Rugabano (Col de Rugabano, 1200 m d’altitute) rukarangirira mu kibaya cya Bugarama (Bas Fond de Bugarama, 900m d’altitude).
Ibi byogogo byombi bifite amateka mabi kuko byagiye byakira imibiri y’Abanyarwanda bicwaga, mu mahano yagwiriye u Rwanda mu bihe binyuranye, bikarangira bajugunywe mu migezi cyangwa mu biyaga bigize ibi byogogo. Birumvikana ko agahigo ko kwakira benshi kaciwe n’icyogogo cya Nil, kuko uretse no kwakira 67% by’amazi yose y’u Rwanda, ni nacyo kinini kuko kigize 80% by’ubuso bw’igihugu. Muri iyi myaka 29 FPR imaze ku butegetsi imigezi y’ibi byogogo yaragaburiwe mu bihe bitandukanye, agatsiko kari ku butegetsi bw’igitugu i Kigali kakabihakana, ariko hasuzumwa uko imirambo yabaga yishwe, bikagaragara ko yishwe mu buryo buzwi kuri FPR ari bwo “gufunga akandoyi ”, ni ukuvuga kuzirikira uwicwa amaboko inyuma, agatuza kakirega, amaguru agahambirirwa hasi, umuntu agapfa aturitse agatuza. Iki cyegeranyo rero kigamije kurebera hamwe, muri iyi myaka 10, ibihe bikuru-bikuru imigezi n’ibiyaga bisuka amazi muri ibi byogogo byagiye bijugunywamo imirambo y’abantu yabaga yishwe igasangwa hagati y’imipaka y’ibihugu bibiri (u Burundi n’u Rwanda), buri gihugu kikayihakana ariko ibimenyetso bigafata u Rwanda, kuko hari n’abagiye basanganwa mu mifuka ibyangombwa cyangwa amakarita ya mutuelle de santé. Ahanini icyatumye nk’Abaryankuna biyemeje gukubitira ikinyoma ahakubuye, twiyemeza gusubiza amaso inyuma ni uko mu myaka 9 ishize imirambo yabonekaga mu cyogogo cya Nil, ariko uyu mwaka dutangiye wa 2023, FPR-Inkotanyi yahinduye umuvuno, noneho imirambo irimo kugaragara mu cyogogo cya Congo.
Guhera mu 2013, hagiye haboneka imirambo yatawe muri mu migezi ikaruhukira mu kiyaga cya Rweru kiri ku mbibi z’u Rwanda n’u Burundi, abarundi bakayikuramo bakayishyingura, ariko ntibivugwe, ariko bigeze mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2014, abanyamakuru ba BBC bagiye kwirebera imirambo yari imaze iminsi iboneka mu kiyaga cya Rweru. Basanze iyo mirambo iboshywe n’imigozi ikomeye cyane ku mpande zose, hejuru hariho amaraso, mu buryo buzwi nk’akandoyi. Hari haciyeho umunsi umwe ubutegetsi bw’u Burundi bwemeje ko hari imirambo ireremba mu kiyaga Rweru, iboshye iri mu magunira. Jean Berchmans Mpabansi, Umujyanama w’Umukuru w’Intara ya Muyinga yabwiye Gahuzamiryango ko abarobyi bavuga ko hashize ibyumweru 2 babona imirambo mu kiyaga Rweru itangiye kuza ari myinsi kandi iboshye, mu gihe mbere y’aho hazaga umwe umwe bakawushyingura. Hahise hashyirwaho itsinda rigizwe n’abategetsi b’u Rwanda n’u Burundi rijya ku reba.
Icyo gihe Igihe.com, ku wa 25/08/2014, cyanditse ko uwari Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Ubugenzacyaha muri Polisi y’Igihugu, ACP Theos Badege, yahakanye ko imirambo 40 yabonywe mu kiyaga cya Rweru atari iy’abaturarwanda, nyuma y’uko Polisi y’u Rwanda n’iy’u Burundi bafatanyije mu gukurikirana iby’iyo mirambo, babona ibiri yangiritse, nyamara abarobyi bahamiriza RFI ko babonye imirambo 40 kuva mu kwezi kwa 7. Umushinjacyaha Mukuru w’u Burundi yatangaje ko babonye ibimenyetso bifatika ko ari Abanyarwanda. Kuva icyo gihe byabaye n’ibicecetse kugeza ubwo, mu kwezi kwa 12/2018, hakajya haza umwe cyangwa 2, birakomeza bigeze kuri 25/02/2019, Umuvugizi wa Polisi y’Igihugu, CP John Bosco Kabera, aganira na Kigali Today, ahakana yivuye inyuma ko indi mirambo 9 yabonetse mu kiyaga cya Rweru, ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 22/02/2019, ntaho ihuriye n’u Rwanda.
N’ubwo ariko u Rwanda rwihakanye iyo mirambo, ku ruhande rw’u Burundi bemeje ko yakomotse mu Rwanda, igera muri Rweru iciye mu mugezi w’Akagera. Bwiza.com, ku wa 26/02/2019, yanditse ko Ubuyobozi bw’Intara ya Kirundo mu gihugu cy’u Burundi bwatangaje ko imirambo 9 yagaragaye mu kiyaga cya Rweru kiri hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi yavuye mu Rwanda. Ubu Buyobozi bubinyujije kuri Twitter y’Intara ya Kirundo, bwagize buti: «Imirambo 9 yagaragaye ku nkengero z’ikiyaga cya rweru muri Komini Busoni ya Kirundo yahageze ivuye mu Rwanda, binyuze mu ruzi rw’Akagera. ». Mu kiganiro n’Ijwi ry’Amerika, Umuyobozi w’Intara ya Kirundo, Alain Sylivère Mutabazi yavuze ko mu iperereza bakoze basanze nta muturage babuze ku ruhande rw’igihugu bityo iyo mirambo ikaba igera muri rweru iciye mu ruzi rw’Akagera, kandi ko nta mazi menshi yisuka muri Rweru aturutse imbere mu Burundi. Ati: «Turabona ko hari ibindi bintu byazanywe n’isuri nk’amarebe n’ibindi biva mu Rwanda binyuze mu Kagera. Iyo umuyaga uhushye bihita biza ku ruhande rwa Rweru muri Komini Busoni. Urabona ko hegereye umupaka.» Yongeyeho ati: “Ku ruhande rwa Komini Busoni nta migezi ihari minini, ku buryo yatwara imirambo 9 iboshye kandi ihambiriye mu mifuka, kuba imifuka izana na biriya byatsi byitwa amarebe ataba mu Burundi, ni ikimenyetso ko iriya mirambo ikomoka mu Rwanda”. Kugeza icyo gihe yaba u Rwanda cyangwa u Burundi, buri ruhande rwahakanaga ko imirambo iboneka mu kiyaga cya Rweru ari iyarwo. Byaje gusobanuka ubwo ku itari ya 10/07/2020, indi mirambo itatu (3) y’abasore bari hagati y’imyaka 25 na 30 imeze nk’iy’abantu bakomerekejwe bakava amaraso, barangiza bakabohwa “akandoyi ”, yabonywe mu kagari ka Nemba, Umurenge wa Rweru mu Karere ka Bugesera.
Babonywe n’Inkeragutabara zatemaga ibihuru hafi y’imbibi z’u Rwanda n’u Burundi, ahagana saa mbili za mugitondo. Iyi mirambo yarerembaga nibura muri metero eshanu uvuye ku ruhande rw’u Burundi. Ariko inzego za Polisi z’impande zombi zigiye gusuzuma imirambo zisanga harimo umurambo umwe ugifite ibyangombwa, indangamuntu y’uwitwa Kalisa Eugène yatangiwe mu Murenge wa Musasa, mu Karere ka Gakenke, mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru mu Rwanda, ndetse n’ikarita yo kwivuza ya Habanabakize Jean Damascène yatangiwe ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Rugendabari, mu Karere ka Muhanga, Intara y’Amajyepfo. Kugeza iki gihe noneho byari bisobanutse kuko uruhande rw’u Rwanda rutari kwihakana “akandoyi” ngo runihakane ibyangombwa byatangiwe ku butaka bwarwo. Gihamya yari ibonetse ko u Burundi buri mu kuri. Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Rweru, Oscar Murwanashyaka yabwiye Ibigwi.rw, ko ibimenyetso byose byerekana ko iyo mirambo yavuye i Burundi. Gitifu Murwanashyaka yagize ati: «Hari ibimenyetso bifatika by’aho imibiri yakuruwe ivanwa ku ruhande rw’u Burundi mbere y’uko ijugunywa muri metero nkeya ku butaka bw’u Rwanda». Abajijwe ku kibazo cy’ibyangombwa bari bafite byatangiwe mu Rwanda, yavuze ko bashobora kuba barabifatiye mu Rwanda, nyuma bakajya gushakira ubuzima mu Burundi bakicirwaho. Umuvugizi wa Polisi y’u Rwanda, CP John Bosco Kabera, yemeje aya makuru avuga ko amatsinda y’iperereza yahageze ngo basuzume inzira byanyuzemo ngo iyi mibiri ibe iri mu Rwanda.Nyuma yo kurangiza gusesengura ibyabaye, imibiri yajyanywe mu bitaro bya Nyamata ngo ikorerwe isuzuma, igitangaje ni uko bamwe mu baganga bakiriye imirambo bavuze ko iyi mirambo yose yakingiriwe mu Rwanda, kuko urukingo rwa mbere umwana ahabwa iyo avutse mu Rwanda akingirwa ku rutugu, naho mu Burundi bagakingirwa ku kaboko (avant-bras), ariko isuzuma ryimbitse ry’abaganga b’inzobere ntiryatangajwe.
Ku itariki ya 02/11/2020, abaturage bari bagiye ku nkombe y’ikiyaga cya Rweru, babwiye Radio& TV1 ko bazindutse bajya guhinga mu nkuka zitegeye ikiyaga cya rweru, babona imifuka ibiri ireremba ku mazi, bahamagara abapolisi, bahageze basanga harimo imirambo ibiri, umwe w’umugore n’undi w’umugabo, bahita babajyana i Nyamata, abaturage ntibamenye icyakurikiyeho, ariko bemeza ko batishwe n’abajura kuko bari bacyambaye amasaha, umugore yambaye amaherena n’umukufi, ngo iyo baba ari abajura babishe baba barabacucuye ibyo bari bambaye. Bitandukanye n’inshuro zabanje, kuri iyi ngiyi ntihahamagajwe inzego zo ku ruhande rw’u Burundi, bisa nk’aho noneho u Rwanda rwari rwemeye ko ari Abanyarwanda.
Mu gihe ibyo mu cyogogo cya Nil, FPR-Inkotanyi noneho yahinduye umuvuno kuko imirambo irimo kugaragara mu mugezi wa Rusizi, aho abaturage bo muri Komini Rugombo mu Ntara ya Cibitoke basabye iperereza ryimbitse ku mirambo 22 imaze gutorwa muri iyi Ntara ku mugezi wa Rusizi kuva mu kwezi kwa 12 umwaka ushize, nk’uko tubikesha Bwiza.com, mu nkuru yanditse kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki ya 08/02/2023.
Inkuru dukesha Ijwi ry’Amerika ivuga ko iyo mirambo ahanini itorwa mu nkengero z’uruzi rwa Rusizi rutandukanya ibihugu by’u Burundi, Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’u Rwanda, ari naho aba baturage basaba iperereza ryimbitse ngo hamenyekane aho iyo mirambo iva, na cyane ko iba iziritse akandoyi, ihambiriye mu mifuka, kandi yabanje kujugunywa mu mazi, neza neza nk’uko byagaragaye muri Rweru. Umuyobozi w’Intara ya Cibitoke, Carême Bizoza, avuga ko imirambo itorwa ishobora kuba ari iy’abanyagihugu by’abaturanyi. Ngo hafi ya bose basanzwe ku nkengero z’uruzi rwa Rusizi, rutandukanya u Burundi na RD Congo ariko ikaba ishobora no kuva mu Rwanda, kuko no muri Rweru basanze ari iy’u Rwanda. Imirambo imwe ngo yari yamaze kwangirika, indi ifunitse mu mifuka nk’uko bamwe mu baturage babyiboneye babitangarije abanyamakuru. Ijwi r’Amerika ryashatse icyo abategetsi b’Uturere twegereye uruzi rwa Rusizi mu Rwanda na Congo bavuga kuri icyo kibazo, rihamagara Umwami Kinyoni III wo mu kibaya cya Rusizi ku ruhande rwa Congo na Anicet Kibiriga, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rusizi, mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda. Umwami Kinyoni III yatangaje ko adatangira amakuru kuri telefoni, mu gihe Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rusizi, Anicet Kibiriga, yavuze ko yari mu nama, ariko n’ubutumwa bugufi yandikiwe ntiyabusubiza.
Mu kwanzura rero twababwira ko Abanyarwanda bavuga ngo “Iyagukanze ntiba inturo”, niba ibimaze imyaka 10 bikorerwa muri Rweru na FPR-Inkotanyi, hakoreshejwe kwica abantu, bakazirikwa akandoyi, bagajugunywa mu ruzi rw’Akagera, rugemurira icyogogo cya Nil, none bikaba byimukiye mu ruzi rwa Rusizi rugemurira icyogogo cya Congo, byaba ari amahano yongeye kwisubiramo. Biranashoboka ko ubu bwicanyi bwagaragaye muri iyi minsi bwaba budakorwa n’u Rwanda, ariko kuba FPR yaramamaye ku kandoyi, kandi ibimenyetso byo mu kiyaga cya Rweru byarerekanye ko mu mirambo habonetsemo abakingiriwe mu Rwanda, abandi bagasanganwa ibyangombwa, ni impamvu ikomeye yo gukeka ko FRP-Inkotanyi. Bityo rero tukaba dutera ikirenge mu cy’abaturage ba Rugombo na Buganda ngo dusabe ko habaho iperereza ryigenga kugira ngo abicanyi bamenyekane kandi babiryozwe.
Umurungi Jeanne Gentille