Ni inkuru yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Liberation mu kwezi kwa kane kuyu mwaka, twashyiriwe mu Kinyarwanda na Ahirwe Karoli. Umutwe wayo uragira uti : “AYAKORESHEJWE, KUDAKORERA MU MUCYO, KWEGURA… FRANCOPHONIE YAHATEREYE IBABA”
Ikinyamakuru «Libération» cyaguye ku nyandiko zivuga ku makuru y’imbere, ashyira hanze ibitaragenze neza mu Muryango uhuje ibihugu bivuga Igifaransa, uzwi ku izina rya Francophonie. (Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie- OIF). Ukuza kw’ikipe nshya yayoboye kuva mu mpera za 2018 ntikwabashije gukemura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane ibijyanye n’imicungire y’imari.
Iki kinyamakuru, ku wa 29/04/2021, cyashyize aharagara amwe mu mabanga ya Francophonie. Mbere yuko inkuru isohoka, ku wa 27/04/2021 saa mbiri na cumi z’ijoro (20h10), iki kinyamakuru cyari cyasobanuye uyu muryango nk’urwego rutazwiho byinshi, ruri hagati y’amacenga y’abantu bafite icyo bahuriyeho ndetse n’abanyembaraga batagaragara. Francophonie ifite icyicaro i Paris, ihuza ibihugu 88, igakoresha ingengo y’imari ingana n’amayero arenga miliyoni 80 ndetse n’abatanyabikorwa hafi 350, yiteguye kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 50 ibayeho. Gusa icyo igamije n’uburyo ikora bihora bizamura kwibaza bidashira ku bantu benshi.
Libération yavumbuye inyandiko z’ibanga, raporo z’ubugenzuzi, amabaruramari ndetse n’inyandiko z’abanyamategeko byose bigaragaza imicungire mibi imbere muri uyu muryango harimo: gushyiraho abakozi mu ibanga rikomeye, kudakorera mu mucyo, amafaranga akoreshwa n’ahabwa abahagarariye ibihugu y’umurengera (exorbitants), imicungire y’imari ikemangwa, n’ibindi byinshi, urutonde ni rurerure. Ariko gushyirwaho kw’ikipe nshya ku isonga ry’uyu muryango kugaragara nk’ukutarabashije gukemura ibi bibazo.
Ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2018, abayobozi b’ibihugu baturutse hirya no hino ku isi bateraniye i Erevan muri Arménie. Impamvu nyamukuru y’iyi nama, yanitabiriwe na Emmanuel Macron, kwari ugutora Umunyamabanga Mukuru mushya wa OIF. Hari hashize amezi menshi, abagore babiri biyamamariza uyu mwanya.
Ku ruhande rumwe, hari Umunyamabanga Mukuru ucyuye igihe, Umunyakanadakazi Michaëlle Jean, wahataniranga kwiyongeza mandat ya kabiri y’imyaka ine. Gusa nyuma yaho Macron wari wamamaje Mushikiwabo abigiyemo, Canada ari cyo igihugu cye ndetse na Leta ya Québec, ihora iharanira kurinda Francophonie bamuvanyeho amaboko bashyigikira Mushikiwabo.
Ku rundi ruhande, hari uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga mu Rwanda, Louise Mushikiwabo, wari ushyigikiwe n’impande ebyiri zifatika ari zo Afrika yunze Ubumwe n’Ubufaransa, akaba ari na bwo butera inkunga nyinshi uyu muryango aho butanga amayero miliyoni 25 buri mwaka. Nyamara ntibyari byitezwe ko uyu mukandida azashyigikirwa ku bwiganze bwa bose. Ibi byaterwaga n’uko u Rwanda rutazwi mu kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, cyane cyane ko iki gihugu, mu 2008, cyirukanye igifaransa, kigisimbuza icyongereza ngo abe ari cyo kigishwamo mu mashuri. Ku ikubitiro iki si ikimenyetso cyiza cyo gukurikiza indangagaciro za Francophonie, ifite intego y’ibanze yo guteza imbere igifaransa mu isi yose.
Francophonie yarazwe umurage w’Ikigo cy’ubufatanye mu by’umuco n’ibya tekiniki (Agence de la coopération culturelle et technique), kikaza kuvuka mu 1970, mugihe cya kera cy’umubano w’Ubufaransa n’Afrika (Françafrique), Francophonie ikeneye mbere na mbere uburyo bukomatanya ibihugu byinshi ariko iracyari umuyoboro wu Ubufaransa bunyuzamo ibitekerezo bijyanye no gukomera kwabwo.
Ku butegetsi bw’i Paris, gushyigikira Mushikiwabo byari intambwe yo kwiyunga na Kagame nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, aho Ubufaransa bwari bumaze kongera gushinjwa muri raporo ebyiri kugira «uruhare rukomeye» (lourde responsabilité) muri iyo Jenoside, bikaba na none amahitamo meza mu buryo bugaragarira buri wese. Mu buryo bwizweho neza, ngo bwari nuburyo bwo kongera gukomera kw’ Ubufaransa muri Afrika, cyane mu Burasirazuba. «Turifuza Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’umunyafurikakazi, kandi Lousie Mushikiwabo yerekanye ko abishoboye», uku niko umudiplomate ukorana bya hafi na Elysée, abyibuka.
Imibanire itari myiza
Nyuma yo kwandikirana bya hato hagati ya Emmanuel Macron na mugenzi we wa Canada Justin Trudeau, ubundi ibihugu byabo bigira uruhare runini mu gushyiraho abayobozi ba OIF, Michaëlle Jean yisanze yakuweho amaboko n’abahoze bamushyigikiye, bose bigira ku ruhunde rw’Umunyarwandakazi, birangira atowe ku bwiganze bwa bose.
Mu itangazo, Elysée yerekanye uruhande ihagazeho yemeza ko «yemera idashidikanya» (convaincu) ko Louise Mushikiwabo «azamenya gutanga ikibatsi gishya» (saura donner une nouvelle impulsion) muri OIF, «umuryango uri mu gihe kiwukomereye kandi Ubufaransa bukaba bwifuza kuwuherekeza mu mpinduka zo mu gihe kizaza».
Mu mbwirwaruhame yo kumwimika, Umunyamabanga Mukuru mushya yasezeranyije abari aho «kugera ku ntego» (efficacité) no «gukorera mu mucyo» (transparence). Yagize ati «Sinzanywe no guhimba amerekezo mashya, nje gusa kuyaha umurongo ho gato, uko mbyumva, mu buryo bwanjye».
Nyamara nyuma y’imyaka ibiri n’igice, uku guhindura imikorere kwagushije ruhabo abarenze umwe. Umubare munini w’abayobozi b’amashami (directeurs) barasimbujwe, abakozi bahembwanga barenga 20 barirukanywe nta nteguza nta n’imperekeza ndetse abakozi benshi begura ku mpamvu bwite zabo, harimo abayobozi b’ibiro babiri (deux directeurs de cabinet), uwahoze ashinzwe imicungire y’abakozi (ex-administratrice) ndetse na No 2 mu muryango, umunya Québec Catherine Cano, wafunze urugi rw’ibiro bye mu kwezi kw’Ugushyingo 2020.
Umubano wari warabaye mubi cyane hagati y’abagore babiri. «Ni ubwa mbere twari tubibonye», niko abatangabuhamya benshi babajijwe na Libération, bagashyira ahagaragara umwuka mubi wabibwe muri aya mezi ashize babitangaje.
Niba Louise Mushikiwabo yarasobanurwaga n’abamushyigikiye nk’ «Umukozi ushoboye» (dynamique), ukunda kwigaragaza» (iconoclaste) kandi «ufite igitsure» (rigoureuse), abamunenga berekanye ko «ahubuka» (méthodes brutales) kandi akaba «umunyamwaga» (absence d’états d’âme). Benshi babayeho nabi kubera kumenyeshwa ko birukanywe mu kwezi kw’Ugushyingo 2020, byose bigakorwa binyujijwe mu kandiko gatoya k’Umunyamabanga Mukuru, bagahatirwa kuzinga utwangushye mu kwezi gukurikiyeho, mu gihe bamwe muri bo babaga bashigaje amezi make ngo binjire mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru (retraite).
Umunyamabanga Mukuru yariziritse, umusimbuye ahanagura ibirego.
Na none iki kinyamakuru, ku wa 11/10/2018, cyatangaje ko mu begereye Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umunyarwandakazi, n’ubwo babajwe n’igenda ry’uwahoze ashinzwe abakozi, ariko byibuze yabashije gukora ibikomeye mu izina ryo gusukura ibyari byitezwe muri uyu muryango. Oria Kije Weghe, umuyobozi w’itumanaho akaba n’umuvugizi wa Louise Mushikiwabo yagize ati «bwari ubushake bw’ibihugu bwo kujyanisha uyu muryango n’ibihe bigezweho no kuvugurura imikorere yawo». Yongeyeho ko «hari abakora imirimo isa» (redondances), «imyanya y’imirimo idafitiwe ibisobanuro» (postes injustifiés) ndetse hakenewe «gushyira ibintu ku murongo» (rééquilibrage nécessaire). Uyu muvugizi akomeza avuga ko «nta kintu kijya cyoroha, ariko byari ngombwa guca muri ibyo bihe bikomeye. Iyo hari urwego ushinzwe kureberera, ugomba gufata ibyemezo».
Uyu muvugizi ahitamo gushyira imbere imihate yakozwe mu igenahunda (programmation), uyu munsi «ridadiye neza». Yongeyeho ko kugira ngo usohoke mu «kajagari» (éparpillement), amagana y’amadosiye yari kubigenderamo hagasigara gusa «imishinga minini igaragarira buri wese» (projets phares), nk’irebana no guhindagurika kw’abarimu (mobilité des enseignants) mu ruhando rw’abavuga igifaransa, ku buringanire bw’abagabo n’abagore (égalité homes-femmes) cyangwa ijyanye no kwigisha abazakora imyuga y’ikoranabuhanga (métiers du numérique).
Imyanzuro yashingiye ku ruhande rumwe kuri raporo yakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubugenzuzi cyitwa KPMG, yasabwe n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru nyuma y’amezi make ahawe ubuyobozi. Inyandiko Libération yabashije gusoma, iteye ubwoba mu maso y’abantu benshi. Ku rwego rw’ibitanoze, mbere na mbere, abagenzuzi bashimangira gushyiraho abakozi mu buryo bugayitse kandi bw’ibanga rikomeye.
KMPG itsindagira ko «amategeko agenga imicungire y’abakozi yose atubahirijwe, icyatumye habamo abahabwa akazi bitanyuze mu mucyo. Ibi bijyanye n’ishusho ya politike y’uyu muryango, bamwe mu bakorana nawo bakaba barashyizemo ukuboko nk’uburyo bwo kugira ijambo rikomeye». Iyi raporo igasobanura ko «ku myanya imwe n’imwe ikomeye, habuze guhuza ubushobozi n’inshingano». Ku bijyanye n’imiyoborere, raporo yibanda kuba hari abatavugirwamo muri OIF bigashingira ku «buryo bucuramye» (système pyramidal) muri bwo hakabamo «gufata icyemezo kivuye ku muntu umwe, w’umunyabubasha kandi bikava hejuru byitura ku bo hasi» (la prise de décision est centralisée, hiérarchique et descendante).
Kwimukira ku Muhanda wa Montaigne
Indi mpamvu iteye impungenge: imikoreshereze y’amafaranga atangwa n’ibihugu-binyamuryango. Ku ngengo y’imari yose, agera ku mayero miliyoni 35 agenerwa buri mwaka gahunda ziterwa inkunga na OIF. Nyamara raporo ya KPMG yagaragaje imikorere myinshi itanoze harimo «kuba uburyo bw’imicungire budahagije» (insuffisance du système de contrôle de gestion), « kunyuranyuranya mu bijyanye no kunoza ibyaguzwe» (irrégularités relatives à la conformité des achats), «uburyo bwo gutanga no gukurikirana amafaranga adacunzwe neza nta n’umutekano uhagije» (processus d’octroi et de suivi des subventions insuffisament encadré et sécurisé). Iyi nyandiko kandi itunga agatoki ku mikorere ihuza abantu batandukanye mu mico ituma abakozi ba OIF bahura n’ibibazo bishingiye ku busabe bwashyigikiwe bikanatuma umuryango ushobora kugwa mu bibazo bifite ingaruka mbi zo kugaragara nabi. Ikibazo gikomeye raporo igaragaza ni uko OIF «idafite politike yuzuye yo kubikumira, kuvumbura no guhangana n’uburiganya, kurwanira inyungu n’imico itajyanye n’uburere mbonezabupfura».
N’ubwo bwose ibi binengwa bitashyirwa ku bitugu bya Louise Mushikiwabo wenyine, ariko mu nama y’i Erevan yari yasezeranyije abayitabiriye kuzimakaza gukorera mu mucyo (transparence) mu muryango. Yanabigize rimwe mu mabuye nsanganyamfuruka ya mandat ye. Yagombaga rero kurangiza ibi bibazo byasizwe n’uwo yasimbuye, wigeze no kushyirwa ku gitutu n’itangazamakuru rya Canada rimushinja gusesagura, aho yakoresheje akayabo k’amayero 300,000 atunganya aho yagombaga gutura no kuba yarazamuye amafaranga agenda ku ngendo ze.
Mu nama y’i Erevan mu kwezi kw’Ukwakira 2018, ibihugu byayitabiriye byashimangiye uyu muco wo gukorera mu mucyo, binashyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga imari. Iyi migirire yagombaga gutangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa guhera muri Mutarama 2019, hagamijwe gushyira ku mugaragaro buri mwaka umushahara (salaire), ibindi bagenerwa (avantages), amafaranga ahabwa abitabiriye inama (frais de représentations), ibyo bishyurwa bindi (indemnités) n’andi mafaranga bakoresha (dépenses) by’Umunyamabanga Mukuru n’abakozi bo mu biro bye.
Nyamara kuva mu nama y’i Erevan, amakuru yasabwaga kugaragazwa ntiyigeze yibagirana. Uyu munsi, uretse umushahara w’ibanze (salaire de base) wa Louise Mushikiwabo, ungana n’amayero 184,000 ku mwaka, nta kindi kigaragara ku rubuga rwa OIF. Nyamara, ku makuru Libération ifite, Umunyamabanga Mukuru ahabwa andi mayero 92,000 ku mwaka yo kwitabira inama n’andi mayero 85,000 yishurwa mu byo aba yakoresheje (indemnités compensatoires), ibi bituma ahembwa arenga amayero 347,000 ku mwaka, angana n’amayero hafi 30,000 buri kwezi, kandi atajya yishyurirwa imisoro.
Iyi mibare yemezwa na Oria Kije Vande Weghe, kimwe n’andi y’icumbi rihenze Louise Mushikiwabo abamo, yagezemo yimutse ava ku muhanda wa Bosquet akimukira ku icumbi rihenze ku muhanda wa Montaigne, aho yishyura amayero 8,800 buri kwezi, icumbi ryatumye hishyurwa amayero 34,000 yo kuhatunganya n’andi mayero 44,000 yashowe mu kugura ibikoresho byo mu rugo byimukanwa. Uyu muvugizi yabyise «gutunganya aho atuye ngo ahakorere yisanzuye», anemeza ko uyu mushahara ujyanye n’uko ibipimo bihagaze ku isoko mpuzamahanga kandi ko ku bijyanye no gukodesha icumbi «nta gitangaje kirimo urebye ibiciro by’i Paris».
Ibiteranyo bigendera ku mibarwa itatu
Ariko wirengagije iby’uyu Munyamabanga Mukuru, hari izindi nyemezabwishyu n’impapuro z’amabanki ziteye kwibazwaho. Raporo y’umugenzuzi wa Francophonie mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2019, yerekanye andi mafaranga yasohokeye ku makarita ya banki, agakurwa ako kanya kuri konti za OIF, yazamutse agera ku mayero 91,400 muri 2019, ugereranyije n’amayero 59,497 mu 2018, ni ukuvuga ko yazamutseho 54%.
Muri aya mafaranga tuvuze haruguru, arenga ½ yakoreshejwe n’Umujyanama wihariye umwe w’Umunyamabanga Mukuru witwa Désiré Nyaruhirira. Uyu mugabo wamuhoraga iruhande muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga mu Rwanda, yahindutse «ruri-hose» (omniprésent) muri OIF. Uyu mugabo ufite inshingano zikomatanyije zo kuba inzobere mu madosiye akanahuza inzego z’ubutegetsi, anafite ijambo rikomeye muri Komisiyo y’ibibazo bijyanye na politike, iterana buri kwezi igahuza abahagarariye ibihugu- binyamuryango kugira ngo bafate imyanzuro rusange ku bibazo ibi cyangwa biriya bijyanye n’ingingo igezweho mu makuru y’abavuga igifaransa.
Nyamara uburyo abayeho i Paris no mu ngendo ahoramo mu bindi bihugu biteye kwibaza. Ibyasanzwe ku ikarita ya banki ye, byerekanye ko yasohoye amayero 47,653 mu 2019, bivuga ko buri gihe ateranya imibarwa itatu (3 chiffres) mu maresitora no mu mahoteli ahenze. Abagenzuzi ba KPMG bari bagiriye inama OIF ko amakarita ya banki akura amafaranga ako kanya kuri konti za OIF yasimbuzwa uburyo bwo gusaba amafaranga mu nyandiko, ariko ntibyakozwe. Umuvugizi Oria Vande Weghe asobanura ko «ingendo n’amafunguro byose ari ububanyi n’amahanga» (diplomatie), akongeraho ko «ibihugu byose bigize OIF byasabye ko umuryango wagaragara birenzeho ukagira ijambo (visibilité et influence). Ibyo byose rero bigomba kugira igiciro kibigendaho».
Umujyanama wihariye, adashobora kugenda mu ndege atari mu cyiciro gihenze kurusha ibindi (première classe) kandi akagenerwa imodoka n’umushoferi, atabura gufata amafaranga abitse mu masanduku y’umuryango. Inshuro nyinshi yafashwe avunjisha inoti z’amayero 500 ashaka inoti ntoya, abikora nko ku mayero 15,000. Umwe mu bahoze bahembwa na OIF yibuka ko « bagenzi be baba batabyishimiye ariko nta yandi mahitamo bari bafite uretse gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko avuye hejuru».
Désiré Nyaruhirira 
Oria Kije Vande Weghe
Abajijwe kuri iki kibazo, Oria Kije Vande Weghe yemeza ko yari amafaranga ye bwite bitashobokaga ko ayabikuza mu Bufaransa, Désiré Nyaruhirira yaba yarayavunjishije kugira ngo abashe gufunguza konti akigera mu Bufaransa. Akemeza ko « muri ibyo nta cyaha kirimo», ahubwo akemeza ibyakoreshejwe n’ibiro bikuru byose bizagaragarizwa inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu itaha, igomba kubera muri Tunisie mu kwezi kw’Ugushyingo nyuma yo kwimurwa kubera kwirinda Covid.
Birumvikana ko kuri uyu muvugizi wa Mushikiwabo niba ari amafaranga yaturutse mu mitsi ya Abanyarwanda ntakibazo gihari.
Ibihano bifite icyo bisobanuye
Muri iyi minsi ishize, ikindi gikuba cyaracitse giteza umwuka mubi muri OIF. Mu mutima w’ibibazo byose hari: Umuyobozi mushya w’Imari (Nouvelle Directrice financière), wari wazanywe umwaka umwe mbere, abifashijwemo n’Umujyanama wihariye. Ku wa 29 Ukuboza 2020, rwagati mu biruhuko bya Noheli, Nicole E. yasinye amasezerano abyumvikanyeho n’umukozi wa banki kugira ngo babitse amayero miliyoni 6.5 avuye ku mafaranga yo kwiteganyiriza (prévoyance) muri OIF. Niba umuryango ugomba kubitsa igice cy’umutungo wawo, haba hagomba ubushishozi bukomeye kuri ayo mafaranga yagombaga kuva mu misanzu y’abakozi.
Mu byanditswe n’abahanga (théorie), bavuga ko buri gikozwe kuri konti kigomba kubanza kuganirwaho na komite ishinzwe kubitsa, hakazamo n’abahagarariye abakozi, kugira ngo badashora amafaranga azateza ibibazo. Nyamara nta rwego na rumwe rwabimenyeshejwe. Habe n’urwego rushinzwe kujya inama mu by’amategeko, ruba rugomba kubanza kugishwa inama byanze bikunze, nyamara rwabonye amasezerano amaze ibyumweru bibiri asinywe, nyamara hatarabanje «isesengura ku ngaruka z’ibihombo» (analyse du risque des pertes). Ikindi kibabaje cyane: kugira ngo iyo manu ivuye mu kirere yabikijwe, Nicole E. yabanje kwiyitirira inshingano z’Umuyobozi w’ubutegetsi (Administratrice), mu gihe nawe ubwe atashoboraga gushora umuryango mu kibazo kirenze amayero 50,000. Amasezerano yaje guseswa bigiwemo inama n’abanyamategeko, ariko amarangamutima arazamuka muri OIF. Oria Vande Weghe yagerageje kubyoroshya avuga ko «uku kubitsa bitakozwe, bitanagombaga gukorwa». Ariko ikosa ryakozwe n’Umuyobozi w’imari (Directrice financière) ryafashwe nk’«ikosa rikomeye» (faute grave) na Louise Mushikiwabo mu ibaruwa ariko rihanishwa «kugawa» (blame) yashyizwe muri dosiye y’umukozi yasabiyeho akazi. Igihano gifite icyo gisobanuye (symbolique) ni kimwe mu bigaragaza umwihariko wa OIF kitaretse kugarukwaho na raporo ya KPMG: agatonyanga mu nyanja k’ibihano byatanzwe ariko bidakurikije amategeko.
Hatabayeho kubitekerezaho cyane, nk’uko bigenda mu miryango mpuzamahanga myinshi, OIF yakomeje kuba hejuru y’amategeko ahubwo ikigirira urukiko rwayo bwite, ruhura hagati y’inshuro ebyiri n’eshanu mu mwaka ku cyicaro i Paris. Abenshi mu bakozi beretswe imiryango mu kwa 11/2020 bararwitabaje basaba kurenganurwa. Ariko William Woll, umunyamategeko waburaniraga 10 muri bo, afite icyizere gike. Umwarimu w’amategeko w’inzobere ufite umutima wa kinyamwuga wishimiye itegeko mpuzamahanga ry’umurimo, yashyize hanze ashize manga «ikinamico ry’ubutabera» (parodie de justice) ry’«abacamanza bahembwa n’umuryango bagomba gucira imanza», «ibyemezo bihutiweho» n’ «imanza zanga kwakirwa ku kigero cya 80%», kereka gusa iyo urega ashyigikiwe n’ingufu za politikie akaba ashobora kumvikana nuyu muryango ku ndishyi bazamuha. Nta ngaruka zibaho na none kubona umwe mu banyamuryango ba Francophonie akurikiranwe n’ubutabera bw’Ubufaransa. William Woll yibutsa ko «abakozi bose bakingirwa ikibaba», akemeza ko «Umunyamabanga Mukuru ari we wenyine ushobora kuvanaho ubwo budahangarwa.» Mu ibaruwa ushinzwe amategeko muri OIF yigeze kwandikira uwahoze ari umukozi wa OIF, wavugaga ko agiye kujyana OIF mu nkiko, yamwibukije umurongo ngenderwaho muri aya magambo: «OIF ni umuryango uhuje za guverinoma ufite umurongo w’amategeko wigengaho. Nta wahirahira ngo awutumize ujye guhangana n’amategeko y’igihugu kimwe, keretse wenda ari mu mategeko y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi (droit de l’Union Européenne) cyangwa mu Rukiko rw’Uburayi rw’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme).»