Yanditswe na Mutimukeye Constance
Kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki ya 18/05/2022, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Burenganzira bw’Ikiremwa Muntu, Human Right Watch (HRW ) wasohoye raporo y’umwaka wa 2021, yongera kwifatira ku gahanga Leta y’U Rwanda, uyu muryango ushinja gucecekesha abo batavuga rumwe muri politiki hamwe n’abayinenga, ndetse ikabibasira bo n’imiryango yabo, aho iyibuza uburyo cyangwa ikayinyaga imitungo yaruhiye.
Inkuru dukesha Ijwi ry’Amerika ryumvikanye mu gitondo cyo ku wa 19/05/2022, ryatangaje ko iyi raporo ya HRW ivuga ko muri rusange urubuga rwa politiki, urw’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, n’ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda, byose byagumye bifunze mu mwaka ushize wa 2021. Uyu muryango uvuga ko abakomeye mu banenga ubutegetsi barimo abatavuga rumwe nabwo ndetse n’abatanga ibitekerezo babinyujije ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa imiyoboro ya YouTube, bamwe baburiwe irengero, abandi barafungwa cyangwa se baterwa ubwoba.
Uyu muryango ukomeza uvuga ko ibikorwa byo gufunga biciye ukubiri n’amategeko, gufatwa nabi n’iyicarubozo, byagaragaye henshi muri gereza na za cashots zemewe n’izitemewe zifungirwamo abantu, kandi amahame agenga urubanza ruboneye yagiye yirengagizwa nkana, mu manza ziswe ko zikomeye.
HRW iravuga ko ifite ibihamya byizewe by’ifungwa rinyuranyije n’amategeko no gufatwa nabi byagiye bikorerwa abantu bashinjwa imyitwarire mibi barimo abana bo mu muhanda, indaya n’abacuruzi bato bazwi mu Rwanda nk’abazunguzayi.
1.Urubuga rwa Politiki rwakomeje gufungwa
Ku bijyanye n’urubuga rwa Politiki, HWR ivuga ko rwakomeje gufungwa mu Rwanda muri uyu mwaka wakorewe raporo ni ukuvuga ushize wa 2021, uyu muryango utanga urugero ku munyapolitiki Bwana Christopher Kayumba, watawe muri yombi agafungwa mu kwa cyenda k’uwo mwaka, ashinjwa ibirego bifitanye isano no gusambanya abagore ku ngufu. Uwo muryango ukavuga ko iryo tabwa muri yombi n’ibyaha yashinjwe, byaje nyuma y’aho ashingiye ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, Rwandese Platform for Democracy (RPD). Iryo akaba yararishinze nyuma y’ibaruwa ifunguye yanditse anenga imyitwarire ya Perezida Paul Kagame, imbere y’icyorezo cya Covid-19, anagaragaza ingaruka icyo cyorezo kirimo kugira ku baturage.
Muri iyo baruwa kandi, Bwana Kayumba akaba yaranamaganye inzu z’ibanga, bita “safe houses”, zifungirwamo abantu mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aho abahafungiye bakorerwa ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo. Uyu muryango ukavuga ko nyuma y’aho afungiwe, Bwana Kayumba yaje gukora imyigaragambyo yo kwiyicisha inzara, yamagana ibyaha yavugaga ko bishingiye ku mpamvu za politiki akomeje gushinjwa. Ibyo byamuviriyemo uburwayi bwatumye ajyanwa mu bitaro, kugira ngo avurwe, na n’ubu akaba agifungiye muri Gereza ya Nyarugenge, nyuma y’aho ubusabe bwe bwo gufungurwa hatanzwe ingwate, bwateshejwe agaciro mu kwa cumi kwa 2021.
Kuir iyi ngingo ijyanye n’urubuga rwa politiki, HRW ivuga ko rufunze mu Rwanda, uy muryango muri raporo yawo uravuga ko n’abandi banyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, nka Madame Ingabire Victoire bakomeje kubuzwa uburyo mu mirimo yabo, harimo guterwa ubwoba no gutotezwa bikozwe n’abategetsi.
Iyi raporo ya HRW kandi iragaruka ku ifungwa ry’abantu 10 batawe muri yombi mu kwezi kwa cumi kwa 2021, bazira ibikorwa bijyanye n’umunsi witiriwe Ingabire Victoire, ahagomba kuganirwa ku ngingo zitandukanye , zirimo n’ikandamizwa ry’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu Rwanda.
Ubwo iyi raporo yakorwaga, HRW ivuga ko abanyamuryango 7 b’Ishayaka DALFA-Umurinzi ndetse n’umunyamakuru watambukirizaga ibiganiro ku muyoboro wa YouTube, barimo gushinjwa ibyaha byinshi birimo gukwiza impuha, gukwirakwiza amakuru atari yo hagamijwe kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu mahanga no mu guteza intugunda cyangwa imidugararo mu baturage.
Muri iki gice kijyanye n’urubuga rwa politiki kandi, raporo ya HRW yanagarutse ku rubanza rwa Paul Rusesabagina, wakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 25 nyuma yo guhamywa ibyaha by’ubwicanyi n’iby’iterabwoba. Uyu muryango ukavuga ko urubanza rwe rwaranzwe n’amahinyu menshi ajyanye no kutubahiriza amahame y’iburanisha riboneye, aho Leta yagiye kure mu kwivanga mu mikorere y’ubucamanza.
2.Guhonyora ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo
Ku ngingo irebana no guhonyora ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo naho amazina nk’iry’umusizi Innocent Bahati, waburiwe irengero; iry’umunyamakuru Niyonsenga Dieudonné, ufunze; ay’abatangaga ibitekerezo ku miyoboro ya YouTube nka Yvonne Idamange na Aimable Karasira, nabo bafunze; baragaruka cyane muri iyi raporo.
By’umwihariko ku musizi Innocent Bahati, raporo y’umuryango HRW iravuga ko yaburiwe irengero kuva mu kwezi kwa kabiri kwa 2021 kugeza na n’uyu munsi. Uyu muryango ugahuza irigiswa rye n’ibihangano yakoraga, byibandaga ku bibazo bitandukanye by’abaturage, birimo ubwiyongere bw’ubukene, kimwe no kunenga Guma mu rugo n’ingaruka zayo.
Kuri Aimable Karasira na Yvonne Idamange ho, raporo ya HRW igahuza ifungwa ryabo n’ibitekerezo batangaga ku miyoboro ya YouTube, ku ngingo zirebana na Jenoside, ndetse n’ibyaha byaba byarakozwe n’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, FPR-Inkotanyi.
3.Uburenganzira bwa muntu burabangamiwe
Raporo ya HRW ikomeza ibyaranze uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda mu 2021 kandi irashinja ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda guhigisha uruhindu no kubuza amahwemo abatavuga rumwe nabwo bahungiye mu bihugu by’amahanga. Kuri iyi ngingo HRW iratanga urugero rwa Cassien Ntamuhanga washakishaga ubuhunzi muri Mozambique, watawe muri yombi n’igipolisi cy’icyo gihugu mu kwezi kwa gatanu kwa 2021, kiri kumwe n’umuntu wavugaga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda. Uyu muryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu ukavuga ko kuva icyo gihe kugeza n’uyu munsi nta wurongera kumuca iryera.
Aha muri Mozambique kandi, HRW iragaruka ku rupfu rudasobanutse rwa Revocat Karemangingo, warasiwe mu murwa mukuru w’icyo gihugu, Maputo, mu kwezi kwa cyenda kwa 2021. Uyu muryango uvuga ko, nyuma y’aho u Rwanda rwohereje ingabo zarwo mu Ntara ya Cabo Delgado, icyo gikorwa cyazamuye impungenge ku mutekano w’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda n’abasaba ubuhunzi muri Mozambique.
4. Uburenganzira bw’abaryamana bahuje ibitsina
Ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bw’abaryamana bahuje ibitsina, raporo ya HRW ivuga ko n’ubwo amategeko y’u Rwanda, ibyo atabifata nk’icyaha, ariko mwene abo bantu mu Rwanda bakorerwa ihezwa. Uwo muryango ukavuga ko, mu mwaka wa 2021, wo ubwawo wikoreye amaperereza, ku buryo abategetsi bafungiye abantu
9 baryamana bahuje ibitsina mu kigo cy’inzererezi cya Gikondo, mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Aho i Gikondo, abaryamana bahuje ibitsina bahafungiwe, bavuze ko abapolisi n’abandi barinzi b’icyo kigo babashinja kuba inzererezi, abajura cyangwa se abanyarugomo, bakaza kubafunga nta kindi cyaha bakoze uretse uko bateye.
5.Imyitwarire y’ubutegetsi mu gihe cya Covid-19
Ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire y’ubutegetsi mu gihe cya Covid-19, raporo ya HRW ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2021, igipolisi cyagiye gifata, kigafunga mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ababarirwa mu bihumbi, bazira kutubahiriza amabwiriza yo kurwanya Covid-19, aho benshi bafungirwaga mu ma stades n’ahandi.
6.Inama ya CHOGM
Inama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu na za Guverinoma z’Ibihugu byakolonijwe n’Ubwongereza, CHOGM, yasubitswe mu 2020 no mu 2021 kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19, HRW ivuga ko na yo yagiye ituma hari abantu benshi biganjemo abakene n’abandi bahejejwe inyuma, bagiye bafungirwa mu kigo cya Gikondo, mbere y’ukwa gatandatu kwa 2021, igihe iyo nama yagombaga kubera. Abo ngo nyuma ko kurekurwa bakaba baravuze ko igipolisi kitifuza kubabona mu mihanda, ubwo iyo nama izaba iba.
Ku rundi ruhande, si u Rwanda rwonyine rwashinjwe guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu gusa, kuko n’u Burundi bufite ibyo bwashinjwe, ariko Leta yabwo ihitamo kutagira icyo iyitangazaho. Mu byo bwashinjwe harimo gutoteza, kwica no gufungira ubusa abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi hagashinjwa abategetsi, abapolisi hamwe n’urubyiruko rw’Imbonerakure. Uretse abari mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, raporo ya HRW ivuga ko hari n’abandi bantu bibasiwe n’ayo mabi, aribo abantu bakekwa ko bakorana n’imitwe yitwaje ibirwanisho, irwanya Leta y’u Burundi. HRW ikemeza ko hakoreshwa ingufu z’umurengera mu kubarwanya.
Constance Mutimukeye