Yanditswe na Buregeya Benjamin
Birasanzwe ko buri mucuruzi atekereza icyateza ubucuruzi bwe imbere. Zimwe muri techniques z’ubucuruzi harimo gushyira icyicaro cy’ubucuruzi (iduka, iguriro), aho abakiriya bashobora kugera bitabagoye, kandi bakahasanga buri gicuruzwa bakeneye. Iyo bitagenze bityo, abaguzi bagenda bazinukwa ibicuruzwa maze umucuruzi agataha, nk’uko birimo kugendekera umucuruzi FPR mu iguriro rya Gihembe i Gicumbi.
FPR isanzwe yariboneye ibicuruzwa-bantu itaranguye none imaze kubibyaza urwunguko rutagira ingano, mu gihe kirenga imyaka 25, ariko inyungu iragenda iba iyanga kuko ibicuruzwa-bantu bimwe byataye agaciro. Bihangayikishije cyane umucuruzi ku buryo atagisinzira ashaka icyazamura Urwunguko.
Abahanga mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bavuga ko Urwunguko (Bénéfice) rungana n’Igicuruzo (Prix de Vente) ukuyemo Ikiranguzo (Prix d’Achat). Birumvikana neza ko iyo Ikiranguzo kingana na 0, Urwunguko ruba rugana n’Igicuruzo, hanyuma Urwunguko rugahita ruba 100%.
Kuri FPR siko byagenze kuko ibicuruzwa-bantu itaranguye yari yiteguye kubicuruza ikabivanamo inyungu ingana n’100%, ariko byarayihombeye kuko abaguzi bagiye bahumuka bakabona ko FPR ibapfunyikira amazi, babivumbura ikabapfunyikira ikibiribiri, nabyo babivumbura ibicuruzwa bikabura abaguzi kandi Abanyarwanda baravuze ngo “akabuze ubuguzi gasubirana nyirako”, hakibazwa impamvu ibi bicuruzwa-bantu bya FPR bidasubizwa kwa ba nyirabyo, mu gihe impamvu zose zagiye zitangwa nta zigihari muri iki gihe turimo.
Ibi bicuruzwa-bantu bigizwe ku ikubitiro n’impunzi z’Abanyekongo zahungiye mu Rwanda mu bihe bitandukanye, kuva mu 1996, zigenda zituzwa mu nkambi harimo izatujwe mu nkambi ya Gihembe mu Karere ka Gicumbi, Intara y’Amajyaruguru, iya Kiziba mu Karere ka Karongi, Intara y’Iburengerazuba, iya Mugombwa mu Karere ka Gisagara, Intara y’Amajyepfo, iya Kigeme mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, Intara y’Amajyepfo, n’iya Mudende mu Karere ka Rubavu, Intara y’Iburengerazuba.
Ugereranyije ibi bicuruzwa-bantu byari byatangatanze Intara zose z’igihugu, hasigaye Intara imwe y’Iburasirazuba, ahahise hashyirwa inkambi ya Mahama, mu Karere ka Kirehe, hatuzwa impunzi z’Abarundi ziyongereye cyane mu 2015, nyuma y’uko FPR ishatse gukora Coup d’Etat mu Burundi bikayinanira.
Kuri ibi bicuruzwa-bantu haje kwiyongeraho ibigizwe n’abimukira bavuye muri Libya, maze batuzwa mu Karere ka Bugesera, ariko byo byaje bihenze cyane, kandi abaguzi bakisukiranya nk’abagura amasuka ku muhindo. Nta kabuza isoko ryari ryagutse kandi rikomeje kwaguka kuko hagiye kwiyongeraho ibindi bicuruzwa-bantu bigizwe n’abakobwa 200 bigaga mu Ishuri ry’ubutegetsi muri Afghanistan.
Nyuma rero yo kwagura ubucuruzi bw’abantu FPR yasanze gukomeza gutatanya amaguriro maze itekereza kwegeranya amaguriro, ihereye ku bicuruzwa-bantu bidahenze cyane, aribyo Abanyekongo. Muri make, ibi bicuruzwa-bantu bikomoka muri DRC byataye agaciro cyane kuko impamvu zose zashoboraga bikomeza gucuruzwa na FPR zavuyeho, abaguzi cyane cyane abakomoka ku isoko mpuzamahanga bakaba batakibikeneye. Ikindi gituma byarataye agaciro n’uko ibihugu bikomeye, cyane cyane Amerika n’Ubwongereza, zamaze gutoranya ibicuruzwa bikenewe maze bijyanwa iwabo, nta bindi bigikenewe.
Nk’uko tubikesha Taarifa, kuri uyu wa 16/09/2021, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yatangaje ko ku bufatanye n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi (UNHCR), irimo kwimurira mu nkambi ya Mahama mu Kerere ka Kirehe, impunzi zose zabaga mu nkambi ya Gihembe mu Karere ka Gicumbi.
Iyi nkuru ikomeza ivuga ko ari igikorwa biteganywa ko kizaba cyarangiye bitarenze ku mu Ukuboza 2021.
Inkambi ya Mahama isanzwe icumbikiye impunzi z’Abarundi bahungiye mu Rwanda nyuma y’imvururu zabaye mu 2015, ariko bakaba baratangiye gutahuka. Gusa abatahuka ni bake cyane kuko u Rwanda rukibakeneye. Ntabwo umucuruzi yakinisha kurekura ibicuruzwa imaranye imyaka 6 gusa mu gihe hari ibimaze 25 bikaba byaranatangiye gutakaza agaciro ku buryo bukomeye.
Minisiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi yatangaje ko ari icyemezo kigamije ko izi mpunzi zirushaho kugira imibereho myiza n’umutekano, nk’uko bigaragara mu itangazo yasohoye. Yakomeje iti “impamvu z’iki gikorwa kirimo kuba ni ugutuza impunzi ahantu heza bijyanye n’uko inkambi ya Gihembe yubatswe ahantu hitegeye ibiza ndetse ikunda guhura n’ibibazo birimo isuri, binajyanye n’ibikorwa remezo byaho bishaje.” Ikanavuga ko “impunzi bireba zizimurirwa mu nkambi ya Mahama cyangwa ziyandikishe nk’impunzi ziba mu mijyi.”
Ikibazo rero umuntu yahita yibaza ni ukuntu ibicuruzwa-bantu bigizwe n’izo mpunzi z’Abanyekongo, zacururijwe i Gihembe imyaka irenga 25, ubu ari bwo hibutswe ko zishobora kwicwa n’ibiza. Ibi rero abazobereye mu bucuruzi babona ko impamvu atari ibiza mu by’ukuri, ahubwo ari uko ibicuruzwa-bantu byacururizwaga mu iguriro rya Gihembe bitagifite agaciro nk’ako byari bifite mbere y’umwaka w’2000.
Inkambi ya Gihembe isanzwemo impunzi 9,922 zigize imiryango 2,277. Izigera ku 2,392 zamaze kwimurirwa mu nkambi ya Mahama. Biteganywa ko impunzi bijyanye n’icyemezo zizafata, zizakomeza guhabwa ibigenerwa impunzi zose zahungiye mu Rwanda haba mu nkambi cyangwa mu mijyi, bijyanye n’ibyiciro ziherereyemo. Ese ibi byiciro ntibagaragaza ko umucuruzi areba ahari inyungu nyinshi?
Ibi bigenerwa impunzi rero zihabwa ni amafaranga make cyane atuma ibi bicuruzwa-bantu bikomeza gucuruzwa, mbese nka kwa kundi amatungo agenewe kubagwa akomezwa guhabwa intica ntikize, kugira ngo adapfa igihe cyo kubagwa kitaragera. U Rwanda rero rubifashwamo na UNHCR kuko nayo yatakaza akazi k’ubukomisiyoneri izi mpunzi ziramutse zitashye zose, bigatuma igendera ku byifuzo by’umucuruzi mukuru FPR, uhangayikishijwe no kwimurira ibicuruzwa-bantu bidafite agaciro mu iguriro ririmo ibicuruzwa-bantu bigikanyakanya mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibiciro bigenda birushaho kumanuka ku isoko mpuzamahanga ndetse n’amadeni agenda afatwa kandi azishyurwa mu rwunguko ruvuye muri ubu bucuruzi.
FPR GIRA UFUNGE AMADUKA UCURURIZAMO ABANTU, ATARI IBYO IMINSI YAWE IRABAZE!
BUREGEYA Benjamin
Intara y’Uburasirazuba.