Yanditswe na Uwamwezi Cecile
Inkuru dukesha BBC yumvikanye kuri uyu wa 20 Gicurasi 2022, yamenyeshaga ko Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Dr Vincent Biruta, ari mu ruzinduko mu Bugereki, aho yasinye amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu by’umuco na siporo hamwe na Minisitiri w’Umuco mu Bugereki, Lina Mendoni aho ari mu ruzinduko rw’akazi muri icyo gihugu.
Minisitiri Nikos Dendias yakiriye mugenzi we Dr Vincent Biruta kuri uyu wa Gatanu, tariki ya 20 Gicurasi 2022. Ubutumwa bwo kuri Twitter ya Minisiteri bugira buti: «Minisitiri ubu ari mu ruzinduko rw’akazi i Athens yakiriwe na mugenzi we Nikos Dendias. Baganiriye gukomeza ubufatanye mu bintu bitandukanye ibihugu bifitemo inyungu, kandi basinye inyandiko y’imikoranire mu bijyanye n’umuco na siporo.»
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Ubugereki, Nikos Dendias yavuze ko uruzinduko rwa Dr Biruta rukurikiye urwo aheruka kugirira muri Afurika agasura ibihugu 7 birimo n’u Rwanda. Yatangaje ko ibiganiro yagiranye na Minisitiri Biruta byibanze ku bufatanye mu guteza imbere ubukungu, ishoramari, umuco n’imibanire. Yakomeje agira ati: «Ibihugu byacu byombi bisangiye ubushake n’amahame yo gukemura ibibazo mu mahoro hisunzwe amategeko mpuzamahanga.»
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, Nikos Dendias yavuze ko uruzinduko rwa Minisitri Biruta ari ikigaragaza ko Uburayi n’Ubugereki bikomeje gushaka inshuti muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Aha rero niho abasesenguzi bahise batangira kwibaza niba u Rwanda rufite irindi somo rwakwigira ku Bugereki, uretse gushyira igihugu ku gacuri, kugira ngo rworoshye ihanantuka ry’ubukungu, dore ko nta handi rugana uretse ku gihombo cya burundu (bankruptcy), kitatuma u Rwanda rwongera gufatwa nk’urushobora kwishyura inguzanyo z’amahanga, bikaba byatuma uretse kugurisha imitungo yarwo n’ibikorwa remezo nta kindi cyaruzahura. Nta muntu rero utekereza utabura kwibaza impamvu u Rwanda rwahisemo Ubugereki.
Ubugereki ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi, kinjiye mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 1981, gitangira gukoresha ifaranga rya Euro muri 2001. Gusa nticyahise kinjira muri Eurozone kuko kitari cyujuje ibisabwa nk’uko amasezerano ya Maastricht yabiteganyaga. Cyari gifite ingengo y’imari itihagije ku buryo bukabije ku buryo butari kwemererwa, mu gihe bwari butunzwe n’inguzanyo z’amahanga.
Inkuru dukesha The balance.com itubwira ko ihanantuka ry’ubukungu mu Bugereki ryigaragaje cyane hagati y’umwaka wa 2008 na 2018. Ubugereki bwabanje, mu 2004, kureka gukoresha ifaranga rya Euro, ariko ibintu birushaho kuba bibi kuko bwatumizaga hanze 40% by’ibiribwa n’imiti bwari bukeneye ndetse na 80% by’ingufu (energy) muri rusange. Bituma ikibazo cy’ubukungu kiba kibi cyane guhera mu mwaka wa 2008. Kubera amadeni, ibihugu byinshi byari bimaze guhagarika koherezayo ibicuruzwa kuko bitishyurwaga, hasigaye gusa Uburusiya n’Ubushinwa, kandi nabyo bigatanga ibicuruzwa ku ideni bitizeye kuzishyurwa.
Muri 2009, igihombo mu ngengo y’imari cyarenze 15% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP), maze mu kwikura mu kibazo, Ubugereki bushyira ku isoko impapuro mpeshamwenda (bonds) ariko ntibyagira icyo bitanga kuko inguzanyo z’amahanga zari zitagikomeje kwishyurwa, umuturage umwe muri bane (25%) ari mu bushomeri, ubukungu bwaraguye ku buryo bugaragara.
Muri 2010, ibihugu bitandukanye byo mu Burayi n’abashoramari bigenga bari bamaze guha Ubugereki ideni rirenga miliyari 320 z’amayero. Ni ubwa mbere byari bibaye mu mateka y’icyo gihugu, kuko byageze mu 2019, Ubugereki bumaze kwishyura gusa miliyari 41.6 z’amayero, ku buryo bikomeje gutya ideni ryose ryazageza mu mwaka wa 2060 ritarishyurwa. Muri uyu mwaka wa 2010, Ubugereki bwerekanye ko buzagabanya igihombo ku kigero cya 3% bya GDP mu myaka ibiri, bushaka kureshya EU na IMF kongera kubuguriza, biranabuhira bugurizwa miliyari 240 z’amayero, ariko zose zikoreshwa zishyura inyungu ku yandi madeni bwari busanganywe. EU yarabyihanganiye kuko nta yandi mahitamo yari ifite, ntiyashakaga gutakaza umunyamuryango. Ubugereki bwo bwigiriye inama yo kuzamura imisoro imbere mu gihugu, abaturage barakeneshwa karahava.
Mu 2011, European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) yongeye miliyari 190 ku yasonewe Ubugereki. N’ubwo izina ryari rihindutse ariko na none aya amafaranga yari avuye muri EU. Mu 2012, impapuro mpeshamwenda zavunjwe miliyari 77 z’amayero, ku giciro cya 75% munsi y’agaciro nyakuri k’amadeni. Mu 2014, ubukungu bw’Ubugereki bwabaye nk’ubuzamuka ndetse bwiyongeraho 0.7%, ariko guverinoma ikomeza kurushaho kugurisha impapuro mpeshamwenda ngo ishyire ku murongo ingengo y’imari yabwo.
Muri Mutarama 2015, Abagereki batoye Ishyaka rya SYRIZA bizeye ko rizahangana n’ibibazo by’ubukungu. Kuri 27 Kamena, Minisitiri w’Intebe, Alexis Tsipras atangaza kamarampaka ku ngamba nshya z’ubukungu. Azi neza ko ababeshya, Minisitiri w’intebe yasezeranyije abatora ko gutora “OYA” ku mpinduka bizabahesha gusonerwa 30% by’umwenda,biranamuhira kuko ku itariki ya 2 Nyakanga uwo mwaka, IMF yatanze inkunga ya miliyari 60 z’amayero, inasaba abari baragurije Ubugereki kubwihanganira kuri miliyari 300 z’amayero bwari bubabereyemo.
Ku ya 5 Nyakanga, abatora batoye “OYA” nk’uko babisabwaga, ariko ubukungu bukomeza kumera nabi cyane, kugezaho amabanki yategetse ko nta wemerewe kubikuza amafaranga arenze amayero 60 ku munsi, ibyahise bigira ingaruka kuri miliyoni 14 z’abakerarugendo basuraga Ubugereki. Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi (European Central Bank) yongereye ingano y’amafaranga ahabwa amabanki yo mu Bugereki, ava kuri miliyari 10 z’amayero, agera kuri miliyari 25 z’amayero, kugira ngo izi banki zongere gufungura, ariko izi banki zitegeka ko nta wemerewe kubikuza arenze amayero 420 ku cyumweru.
Muri Werurwe 2016, Banki y’Ubugereki yatangaje ko ubukungu buzazamuka mu mpeshyi (summer) kuko umwaka wabanje bwari bwaguye ku kigero cya 0.2%. Muri Gicurasi 2017, Tsipras yemeye gukuraho pension no kuzamura imisoro, EU ihita iguriza Ubugereki miliyari 86 z’amayero.
Ku itariki ya 15 Mutarama 2018, Inteko ishinga Amategeko y’Ubugereki yatoye ingamba nshya z’ubukungu, ititaye kuri référendum, bituma ku wa 22 Mutarama, abaminisitiri b’imari muri Eurozone bemera miliyari 6 kugeza kuri miliyari 7 z’amayero. Ku wa 20 Kanama 2018, gahunda yo kuzahura ubukungu irahagarara, ariko Ubugereki busigarana amadeni menshi yiganjemo ay’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) cyangwa inzego zawo zitanga amafaranga. Amenshi muri aya madeni yatanzwe na Banki zo mu Budage.
Muri rusange, mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2018, Ubugereki bwari bwugarijwe n’amadeni impande zose, dufashe nk’urugero, bwarimo European Financial Stability Mechanism na European Stability Mechanism agera kuri miliyari 168 z’amayero, miliyari 53 z’amayero ku bihugu bya Eurozone, miliyari 34 z’amayero ku bikorera, miliyari 15 z’amayero ku mpapuro mpeshamwenda guverinoma y’Ubugereki yatanze, miliyari 13 z’amayero kuri Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi na miliyari 12 kuri IMF.
Nk’uko tumaze kureba haruguru urugendo rw’Ubugereki mu bukungu, buri wese nta sesengura ryinshi akoze, yabona ko atari igihugu cyiza cyo kwigiraho (modèle). Ariko kuko Abanyarwanda baciye umugani ngo “Ibisa birasabirana”, barongera bati “Inyoni zifite amababa asa zigurukira hamwe”, FPR yahisemo gufatira urugero ku Bugereki, kuko nta handi ubutegetsi bwa FPR buganisha u Rwanda uretse mu rwobo. Birababaje kumva ibinyoma bya Singapour y’Afurika ifatira urugero rw’ubukungu ku Bugereki.
Mu kwanzura iyi nkuru rero twashishikariza Abanyarwanda n’abakunzi b’u Rwanda guhaguruka bagatangirira hafi, amazi atararenga inkombe, kuko uko bucya n’uko bwira, FPR irushaho kunyunyuza umutungo w’u Rwanda, Abanyarwanda bakarushaho gukena. Ibi bikiyongeraho kuba u Rwanda ruhitamo kwigira mu bihugu bidashinga nk’Ubugereki, nyamara rwarananiwe gutsura umubano n’ibihugu byo mu karere ruherereyemo.