Yanditswe na Manzi Uwayo Fabrice
Mu Rwanda hamaze imyaka irenga 20 hariho slogans zivuga ngo urubyiruko ntirukige rutekereza guzasaba akazi mu Leta, ahubwo rwige kwihangira imirimo (entrepreneurship). Gusa muri iyi myaka ishize yose abihangiye imirimo babarirwa ku mitwe y’ikiganza kimwe, kandi nabo si ubundi bumanzi ni uko baba baziranye n’ibikomerezwa bakabasunikiriza kugeza babonye igishoro cyo gutangiza, nabwo baba badahagarikiwe na FPR bigapfa bitararenga umutaru. Aha rero niho Imboni z’Abaryankuna zakusanyije zimwe mu mpamvu zituma kwihangira umurimo mu Rwanda bidashoboka, akaba ari zo tugiye kubagezaho muri iki cyegeranyo.
Iki si ikibazo kiboneka mu rubyiruko gusa, ahubwo kigaragara mu ngeri nyinshi z’abantu. Biba bibabaje kumva uwahoze ari Mayor yumvikana avuga ko ubushomeri bwamuteye ubukene, mu gihe aba yaramaze mandat imwe cyangwa ebyiri, ahembeshwa igitiyo, bigatuma wibaza niba ibyo yigishaga abandi byo kwihangira imirimo, ari ukuri bikakuyobera. Ba Mayors bahanze ingahe ngo babere urugero urubyiruko? Cyangwa ni amagambo gusa, na bya bipindi bya FPR yirirwa ibwira abantu nayo ibyayinaniye? Ninde utabibona? Ntawe!
Umusesenguzi Hakuzimana Félicien Charles yabwiye Primo TV ko ababazwa na mwene aba bayobozi birukanwa cyangwa barangije mandats zabo bagatangira gutaka ubushomeri kandi barabonye umwanya wo guhembwa amafaranga atagira ingano akubiyemo umushahara, ayo kwakira abashyitsi, ay’itumanaho, ay’ingendo, ayo biba n’ayo bakira muri za ruswa z’amoko yose, ariko umunsi bavuye mu myanya bagatangira kwiruka ku ma YouTube channels bataka ko ubushomeri bubishe. Yagize ati “iyo ubumvise barira ntushobora kumenya ko ari bamwe bagendaga mu bimodoka bihenze na za frais de missions zitagira ingano, bagiye kwigisha kwihangira imirimo”. Yongeyeho ati “nta kuntu wansobanurira uburyo Mayor wamaze imyaka itanu no hejuru yayo yinjiza arenga Miliyoni ebyiri ku kwezi, ariko ukamwumva ataka ngo arakennye, kandi yarashoboraga kwizigamira byibuze 300,000 FRW ku kwezi, maze yazavaho akayahangamo umurimo”. Agasanga ari iyobera nka rya rindi ryo kwa Padiri.
Mu bucukumbuzi tumaze iminsi dukora twasanze impamvu nyamakuru ituma kwihangira umurimo bidapfa koroha utazishakira ku ruhande rumwe ahubwo zireba Abanyarwanda bose. Iz’ingenzi ni izi zikurikira:
- Ireme ry’uburezi ryangijwe: Iyo urebye usanga mu mashuri yose guhera muri Gardienne kugeza muri za Kaminuza, umwana akura atiga kuzihangira umurimo ahubwo aba yerekwa abakuru bamubanjirije n’imirimo bakora. Ni gakeya umwana azakubwira ko azaba umukanishi cyangwa umwarimu, bose bakubwira ko bazaba abaganga n’abasirikare, kuko babona aho batuye aribo bubashywe. Iri reme ry’uburezi ryangiritse ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma kwihangira umurimo bigorana ndetse ntibinashoboke kuko nyine nta burezi buhamye butegurira abana kuzihangira iyo mirimo bavuga gusa.
- Ubukene bwa karande: Amashuri yose yabaye business ya FPR ku buryo abashinga amashuri baba bagomba kugira amafaranga bishyura ku kwezi. Ibi bituma ba nyir’amashuri bayahenda cyane, nta mpamvu kuko usanga umwana wiga mu ishuri rya Leta wakwita ryiza, usanga yishyura ku mwaka amafaranga akubye inshuro nyinshi ayo mu bihugu bidukikije nka DRC, Burundi na Uganda. Ababyeyi bamwe bahitamo kujyana abana babo muri ibyo bihugu, ariko bagatinya ko bakwigirayo imico, ndetse n’ingendo zihenda cyane mu Rwanda. Ibi rero bituma iyo umubyeyi agurishije utwo atunze twose birangira adashobora kwishyurira abana babiri muri kaminuza. Wa wundi wagiyeyo nawe akavayo ntacyo ashoboye kandi yaratwaye umutungo hafi ya wose, ku buryo kumubonera igishoro bitashoboka. Ubwo bihita bihinduka rwa ruziga rutarangira (cercle viscieux) rwo kwibaza igitera ikindi hagati y’ubujiji n’ubukene. Hari naho usanga Leta yabigizemo uruhare bitewe n’amafaranga yishyuza abaturage ku maherere, ubundi ikabangiriza ibikorwa byakabahaye amafaranga bakiberaho mu bukene bwa karande.
- Ibigega by’imari bikorera mu kwaha kwa FPR: Amabanki yose n’ibigo by’imari bicirirtse bikorera mu kwaha kwa FPR ku buryo kwigonderayo inguzanyo biba bigoye, n’ubashije kuyibona agahozwa ku nkeke, akazarinda aterezwa cyamunara ingwate aba yaratanze. Hagiyeho BDF (Business Development Funds) ngo yari kujya yishingira ingwate ku rubyiruko n’abagore, ariko ni ha handi ibi bigo uretse gushakira akazi abambari ba FPR, nta kindi bimaze. Ugerayo bakagusiragiza ama tickets akazagushiriraho ukabireka, wajya kumva ngo umushinga wawe ukorwa na mushiki wa Mayor cyangwa umugore w’umusirikare. Birumvika neza ko nta gishoro (capital), nta murimo wasabi umuntu guhanga umurimo.
- Imitangire y’akazi mu buryo bukosamye: Leta niwe mukoresha ukoresha abakozi benshi ariko uko bakajyamo birasekeje. Abenshi basunikwa na bene wabo, za nkirirahato zabashije kugera mu bizami, zigasanga mu ishuri gutsinda ni 50%, ariko ku kazi bagafatira kuri 70%. Aba se batsinda bate? Ni ha handi ibyo wize n’amanota wagize nta wubirebaho, ahubwo hagashingirwa ku gapapuro Général yaguhaye cyangwa kubera ko Minisitiri yahamagaye gusa. Aha se wagira icyizere cy’ako kazi? Ashwi daa!
- Kwiyahuza ibiyobyabwenge n’inda zitateganyijwe: Wa mwana warangije Kaminuza ntabone akazi cyangwa igishoro, yisanga yagiye mu bigare, bakishora mu biyobyabwenge kugira ngo biyibagize ibibazo, nyamara ahubwo bikarushaho kwiyongera. Aho rero niho uburara n’ubwomanzi buba bwavutse. Ingaruka nta handi ziba ziganisha uretse kubyara inda zitateganyijwe, nazo ziza zikongera mayibobo z’uyu munsi, ahazaza ntaho. Ibi binongeraho politiki zidaha agaciro Abanyarwanda, Leta ihitamo kurerera mu bigo ngororamuco, bakabajyana za Iwawa na Gitagata, bazavayo basubirayo, ubuzima bukarangira butyo.
- Imitekerereze n’imyumvire: Mu byegeranyo bikorwa usanga abantu benshi ari abagaragaza indwara zo mu mutwe, bakabaho mu bwihebe bukabije. Imitekerereze ituma urubyiruko ntaho rururira n’abakuze. Usanga abakuze bitekerereza ku biganiro by’amateka mu gihe urubyiruko rwibera mu kwibaza icyo ruzarya ejo. Birumvikana ko ibiri mu mitwe y’ingeri zose z’abantu bidashobora kuzatuma habaho guhanga umurimo, cyane cyane ko tutarumva Minisitiri wavuye mu nshingano agahanga umurimo, agatanga akazi.
- Ubumuga bw’ingingo: Usanga buri gihe hari discours nziza zivuga ko abafite ubumuga bitabwaho nyamara byahe byo kajya. Umuntu se ufite ubumuga bw’ingingo azakora ikizami cy’akazi gute n’aho kiri buri korerwe atabasha kuhagera? Nahagera se bwo azahabwa akazi bamaze kumucishamo ijisho?
Mu kwanzura rero twavuga ko izi mpamvu tuvuze ari zimwe muri nyinshi cyane, uwashaka gukomeza urutonde rwaba rurerure. Dusanga rero nta buryo bufasha abantu muri rusange kwihangira imirimo kuko za BDF zabaye iza bene zo, ni ugusiragira bakubwira ngo shaka banki iguhe inguzanyo tukwishingire, wagera muri banki bati “zana ingwate”, wayibura ugasubira kuri BDF, wazabona ugiye gusazira mu nzira ukabivamo.
Igihugu rero gikwiye kwitega ingaruka zikomeye kuko kigiye kugwiza abafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe n’abandi bihebye, bibera mu gahinda gakabije, kongeraho abana bo mu muhanda. Ibi rero usanga nta ngamba zihari, kuko icyatumaga abantu batembera mu bindi bihugu, imipaka irafunze, n’ushaka kuwurebesha ijisho araswa bikarangira bityo, kandi byose bikaba umupango wa FPR wo guheza abantu mu butindi bukabije.
Manzi Uwayo Fabrice