Yanditswe na Umurungi Jeanne Gentille
Ingingo ya 140 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryatowe mu 2003 rivugururwa mu 2015 iteganya ko: «Inama y’Igihugu y’Umushyikirano ihuza Perezida wa Repubulika n’abahagarariye abaturage. Inama y’Igihugu y’Umushyikirano iterana nibura rimwe mu mwaka igasuzuma uko ubuzima bw’Igihugu n’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda bihagaze. Perezida wa Repubulika atumiza kandi akayobora Inama y’Igihugu y’Umushyikirano akanagena abayitabira. Imyanzuro y’iyo Nama ishyikirizwa inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo zirusheho gutunganya imirimo zikorera abaturage. Iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulika rishobora guteganya ibindi byerekeye Inama y’Igihugu y’Umushyikirano».
Iyi ngingo yarirengagijwe hitwaje ingaruka za Covid-19, ariko habura n’Iteka rya Perezida rigira ikindi riteganya kuko iheruka yabaye tariki ya 19 n’iya 20 Ukuboza 2019, ikaba rero imaze imyaka itatu idaterana mu gihe Itegeko Nshinga riteganya ko yagombaga guterana buri mwaka, nyamara Abadepite baba bashinzwe gushyiraho amategeko nabo barumye gihwa, kuko nta watinya kuvuguruza uwamushyizeho ari we Kagame. Ikindi kirengagijwe ni imyanzuro y’iyo nama iheruka uko ari 12, none Guverinoma yemeje ko izongera guterana guhera ku wa 27 kugeza ku wa 28 Gashyantare 2023, ikazabera muri Kigali Convention Center, mu gihe nta mwanzuro n’umwe wigeze ushyirwa mu bikorwa, ukibaza rero icyo iyi nama imaze kikakuyobera. Mu ijambo risoza inama iheruka yo mu 2019, Perezida Kagame yari yatangaje ko ibiganiro byabereyemo bitanga indi ntambwe yo gukomeza guteza imbere igihugu, yongeraho ko abari bayiteraniyemo bagomba kuva aho bongeye kumva byinshi igihugu n’abaturage bacyo babatezeho, ariko byose byabaye amasigaracyicaro.
Perezida Kagame yagize ati: «Ikindi ni ukubasaba ko buri wese yakumva inshingano dufite ariko biba byiza iyo inshingano ya buri wese ku giti cye zishyizwe hamwe, zikaba inshingano zacu abayobozi b’Abanyarwanda, dukora kugira ngo, bishingiye ku bushake n’imbaraga zacu tugere, kure y’aho twifuza». Gusa ibi nabyo byasigaye aho kuko nta kimwe cyakozwe mu byahavugiwe.
Imyanzuro yari yafatiwe muri iyi nama uko ari 12 yavugaga ko iganisha ku guteza imbere imibereho y’abaturage, ubuzima, ishoramari n’ikoranabuhanga, yose byarangiye nta n’umwe ushyizwe mu bikorwa, ahubwo habaho kwirengagiza Itegeko Nshinga, inama imara iyi myaka yose idaterana, none iragarutse.
Imyanzuro yari yafashwe yari iyi ikurikira:
- Kwihutisha igikorwa cyo kwimura abatuye mu bishanga, mu manegeka n’ahandi hatemewe guturwa, bagatura neza kandi impamvu z’icyo gikorwa zikarushaho gusobanurirwa abaturage ko ikigamijwe ari uko abantu batura ahantu hadashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga. Icyakozwe kuri uyu mwanzuro ni uko abaturage bakomeje gusenyerwa badahawe indishyi ikwiye, none bamwe baracyananara mu nkiko.
- Gukomeza gufatanya n’abikorera (PSF) mu kongera ubushobozi bw’inganda (capacity utilization) mu bikorwa bizamura umusaruro mu bwiza no mu bwinshi, cyane cyane ibikorerwa mu Rwanda (Made in Rwanda). Uyu mwanzuro nawo wasigaye aho, ubukungu bukomeza kurindimuka ku buryo bukabije, PSF yamaze gushyirwa mu kwaha kwa FPR mu buryo bweruye, bene yo barihanaguye.
- Gukemura imbogamizi ba Rwiyemezamirimo bagihura nazo, cyane cyane abakizamuka (SMEs) zirimo kutabona ibyo bapfunyikamo (packaging) imbuto, ifumbire, ibyumba bikonjesha n’inganda zitunganya umusaruro bidahagije, no gushaka igisubizo cy’umusaruro ukomoka ku bworozi cyane cyane uw’amata.
- Kuvugurura imikorere y’amavuriro y’ibanze (health posts) ku buryo ayubatswe yose akora neza, kandi aho bikenewe serivisi zitangwa zikongerwa kugira ngo ayo mavuriro arusheho gufasha uko bikwiye abayagana. Aha ho byabaye agahomamunwa kuko amenshi ntakora, n’akora yambuwe bene yo.
- Kugira imihigo yo kwivana mu bukene n’abaturage bagifashwa na Leta bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora, no gushyiraho ingamba zifasha kwihuta mu rugendo rwo kwigira. Nabyo nta cyakozwe na kimwe!
- Gushyiraho, ku bufatanye n’imiryango itari iya Leta n’ishingiye ku myemerere, ingamba zihamye zo gutegura neza abitegura gushinga urugo n’abarushinze hagamijwe kubaka umuryango utekanye no kubahiriza inshingano za kibyeyi. Uyu mwanzuro nawo wahise uribwa n’imbeba bakiri aho.
- Kwihutisha gahunda yo gushyiraho no kongera amarerero (ECD) mu Midugudu yose y’igihugu no kongera ubumenyi abayakoramo kugira ngo barusheho gutanga serivisi nziza. Ntabyo ntibyakozwe!
- Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gufasha Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga kunganira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda za Leta zinyuranye harimo ubwisungane mu kwivuza (Mutuelle de Santé) no gukoresha ubumenyi bafite mu ngeri zitandukanye iyo baje mu kiruhuko mu Rwanda. Nabyo byarangiye bityo!
- Kwihutisha, mu gihe kitarenze imyaka ibiri, igikorwa cyo kubaka amashuri hagamijwe kugabanya ubucucike n’urugendo rurerure abana bakora bajya ku ishuri. Iyo ugeze mu mashuri wakirwa n’amarira, kuko ari urugendo rurerure ruracyakorwa, ndetse n’ubucucike butari bwinshi cyane.
- Kuvugurura ku buryo bwihuse ibishingirwaho mu gutanga inguzanyo zo kwiga mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza hatitawe ku cyiciro cy’ubudehe. Abanyeshuri banze guhabwa ibyo bagenewe nibo babizi.
- Gukemura ibibazo by’itumanaho (network connectivity), n’ibindi bikorwaremezo by’ibanze bikenewe mu duce tumwe na tumwe tw’igihugu. Ibi nabyo byahumiye ku mirari, akabaye icwende kanga koga, habura n’ukoza wenda ngo kange gucya, ahubwo karushaho kugira umunuko kugeza na n’ubu.
- Gukurikirana ko abaturage bakoze imirimo muri gahunda ya VUP bishyurirwa ku gihe, kwishyura abandi baturage bagifitiwe imyenda kandi hagafatwa ingamba zihamye zituma abaturage bakoze imirimo mu nzego za Leta n’iz’abikorera bazajya bishyurirwa ku gihe. Uyu mwanzuro nawo wabaye amasigaracyicaro kuko abaturage bamburwa ayo bakoreye bakirira hirya no hino, aho byakabije hakaba ari mu sosiyete ya FPR yahawe isoko na WASAC, aho amarira yarenze ayo kwarika kuri bose.
Nk’uko Perezida Kagame yabivuze mu ijambo risoza iyi nama, byari byitezwe ko umwaka wa 2020 wari kuba mwiza kurusha uwa 2019. N’ubwo byari byitezwe bityo ibyagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa byabaye ingume, abaturage bakomeza kuba mu cyeragati, bategereza umusaruro w’iyi nama baraheba, none irasubukuwe. Hakwizerwa se iki gishya, mu gihe uko imyaka ishira indi igataha, ubuzima bw’abanyagihugu burushaho kuba bubi? Abaturage se bakwizera ko iyi nama izaba kuri 27 na 28 Gashyantare uyu mwaka izagira icyo ihindura? Ibi byose biracyari inzozi kuko urwishe ya nka rukiyirimo, ndetse n’ababishinzwe bigiza nkana.
Dufashe nk’urugero rwo kwigiza nkana, abasesenguzi benshi bakomeje kwibaza ku buryo Inteko ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda ikomeje kwirengagiza inshingano yayo yo gushyiraho amategeko abereye Abanyarwanda, ahubwo ugasanga bajijijsha abaturage aho abadepite bavuga ko igihangayikishije cyane ari itabi, nyamara bakirengagiza uruhuri rw’ibibazo rwugarije Abanyarwanda mu ngeri zitandukanye.
Nyuma y’uko mu Nteko ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda habaye impaka ku kuba u Rwanda rudaca itabi, umwe mu basesenguzi yavuze ko mu bibazo by’ingutu byugarije Abanyarwanda hatarimo icy’itabi. Ati: «Ibirayi bigeze kuri 700 FRW ku kilo, ariko Abadepite baravuga iby’itabi! Nibave mu matabi si byo twabatoreye.» Ibi yabivuze nyuma y’uko ku wa Mbere, tariki 20 Gashyantare 2023, ubwo Abadepite basuzumaga umushinga w’itegeko ryafasha u Rwanda kuza mu Bihugu byemeje amasezerano agamije guca ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka ku itabi, abitwa intumwa za rubanda ariko bimaze kugaragara ko ari intumwa z’inda zazo na FPR yazihaye umugati, zagaragaje ko aya masezerano akwiye kwemezwa n’u Rwanda (ratification).
Ni amasezerano yaba aje mu murongo umwe n’ayemerejwe i Seoul tariki 12 Ugushyingo 2012, yitezweho kuba yafasha u Rwanda guca burundu ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi bw’itabi. Kuki bigarutse nyuma y’imyaka 11 yose? Abasesenguzi basanga nta kindi kizanye izi mpaka uretse kwerekana ko aba badepite bafite icyo bakora, mu gihe nyamara nta kintu kigaragara bamariye abaturage kuko ibibazo bibugarije batajya babikomozaho. Umusesenguzi akaba n’umunyamategeko wabyigiye, Robert Mugabe, mu kiganiro yagiranye na YouTube Channel itwa Ukwezi TV, yavuze ko izi mpaka zabaye mu Nteko ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda, atari zo zari zikwiye kuza mu gihe nk’iki. Avuga ko itabi n’ubwo ari ribi ariko atari cyo kibazo gikwiye kuraza inshinga Leta y’u Rwanda kuko hari ibindi bibazo by’ingutu kandi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu benshi. Mugabe yagize ati: «Turebe imfu zituruka mu kunywa itabi, turebe n’imfu zituruka ku mpanuka, turebe n’imfu zituruka ku mirire mibi, turebe n’imfu zituruka ku babyeyi bapfa babyara, turebe no ku mfu z’abana bapfa batarageza imyaka itanu. Ubundi tugereranye aho ikibazo kiri.» Umusesenguzi Robert Mugabe, umaze igihe kinini asesengura ibibera mu Rwanda, mu karere no ku Isi, yakomeje agaruka ku ngaruka za bimwe mu bibazo byugarije Abanyarwanda; maze araterura ati : «Abaturage bafite agahinda gakabije, ikibitera ni isegereti se? Oya, biriya ni ukuyobya uburari.»
Yagarutse ku kibazo cy’itumbagira ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa, avuga ko ubukana bw’iki kibazo ari bwo bwari bukwiye kuraza inshinga inzego zose za Leta zirimo n’aba Badepite aho kuganira ku itabi. Ati: «Ibiryo birahenze cyane, ikilo cy’ibirayi kigeze kuri maganarindwi ariko Umudepite ariho aravuga isigareti. Ubwo aravuga iki?» Agaruka kuri umwe muri aba Badepite basabye Leta y’u Rwanda guca burundu itabi, Robert Mugabe yagize ati: «Ubwo si umurokore? Mukurikirane neza urasanga ari umuyoboke wa ADEPR. Ndamwubaha ni umuyobozi ariko nabaze ibibazo bijyanye n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa.» Yakomeje agira ati : «Ubundi se Abadepite bari mu matabi bakoramo iki? Ni cyo twabatoreye ?» Uyu musesenguzi avuga ko n’ubwo atirengagije ko itabi rigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu arikoaba Badepite basaba ko ubucuruzi bwaryo buhagarara burundu bari bakwiye kubanza kwibuka ko bwinjiza imisoro igirira Igihugu akamaro, bakanita ku bibazo byugarije rubanda, bakareka guta igihe bajijisha abaturage.
N’ubwo amatariki inama y’umushyikirano izaberaho yamaze gutangazwa, nta cyizere Abanyarwanda bakiyifitemo, kuko iheruka yo mu 2019 yafashe imyanzuro 12 ariko yose isigara mu cyumba cy’inama no mu mpapuro. Nta kintu na kimwe abari babishinzwe bakoze, ku buryo muri iyi myaka irenga itatu ishize iyi nama itaba, nta gishya cyitezwe iteze kuzana, uretse gukomeza kujijisha abaturage.
Dusanga kandi kuba abitwa ngo ni intumwa za rubanda bakwiye kureka gukomeza kujijisha abaturage, kuko byamaze kugaragara ko badakorera mu nyungu z’umuturage, ahubwo bakorera mu nyungu za FPR yabahaye imyanya bahemberwa, ubundi bagakorera ibifu byabo bwite. Ibi rero bikomeje ntaho byaganisha igihugu.
Birakwiye ko amategeko yubahwa kandi agakurikizwa, kandi ikiruta byose, yose akaganisha ku kintu cyose cyazanira imibereho myiza abaturage, aho guhora babahendesha ubuhendabana ngo barashaka guca itabi, nkaho itabi ari cyo kibazo gikomeye Abanyarwanda bafite. Ntaho bihuriye rwose, ahubwo ibi ni muri wa mugambi wa FPR wo gukomeza gukenesha abaturage, ngo bazahore bayipfukamiye, bayitezeho buri kimwe.
Umurungi Jeanne Gentille