Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Nyuma y’aho abajyanama ba M23 barangajwe imbere na Perezida Kagame baboneye ko bakomeje gutsindwa intambara ya diplomatie, uyu munsi noneho umugambi wabaye ko M23 ireka gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yasabwe byose, ahubwo ikarushaho gukaza umurego mu duce twinshi kugira ngo yereke amahanga ko ikibazo iteje gihinduke n’imyanzuro yafatiwe Luanda na Nairobi ihinduke kuko iyibereye umutwaro.
Ibi bije nyuma y’aho ibihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa n’Ubudage ndetsa na Espagne bikomeje kwakuranwa byotsa igitutu Perezida Kagame, bisaba kureka kugira inkunga iyo ari yo yose aha M23, byahumira ku mirari umubano wa RDC n’Ubufaransa ukarushaho kuba mwiza, nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rwashatse guteranya ibi bihugu rushaka kuroga Perezida Tshisekedi, ariko Imana igakinga ukuboko. Nyamara ibi Ubufaransa bwabirenzeho, ambassade yabwo i Kinshasa ikomeza kwerekana ko idashyigikiye amabi akorwa na Perezida Kagame abyitirira u Rwanda, kugeza ubwo Perezida Emmanuel Macron yoherereje Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’Ubufaransa ushinzwe iterambere, Chrysoula Zacharopoulou, agahita asinyana amasezerano na Minisitre w’Imari muri RDC, Nicolas Kazadi, afite agaciro ka Miliyoni 14 z’Amayero, noneho amagambo ahita ashira ivuga. M23 ifashijwe na RDF babonye ko MONUSCO yongerewe umwaka muri RDC ndetse gufatirwa ibihano byo kutagura ibikoresho n’intwaro cyangwa kugirana amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare, hagati ya RDC n’ibindi bihugu byahahamuye Kagame n’ingabo ashore mu ntambara, kuko azi neza ko ibihugu byinshi bishaka uriya mutungo arwanira, ku buryo ejo yajya kumva akumva ngo Uburusiya bwasinyanye amasezerano y’imikoranire mu bya gisirikare na RDC, noneho ake kakaba karangiye.
Amagambo ya Christoph Retzlaff, Umuyobozi ushinzwe Afurika muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’Ubudage yo kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 20/12/2022, asaba u Rwanda kureka gufasha M23, kandi uyu mutwe ukava mu duce wafashe, ugashyira amasezerano ya Luanda na Nairobi mu bikorwa, yahahamuye Kagame n’abambari kuko ubundi Ubudage ntibujya bwivanga muri politiki z’ibihugu, ariko ubu bwo byakaze. Kubera izi mpamvu zose, Perezida Kagame yohereje Minisitiri w’Umutekano, Gasana Alfred, aherekezwa n’abasirikare bakuru bajya guhurira n’abarwanyi ba M23 mu nama y’iminsi ibiri yabaye kuva ku wa Mbere, tariki ya 19 kugeza ku wa Kabiri, tariki ya 20/12/2022, kugira ngo higirwe hamwe ikigomba kuburizamo igitutu ibihugu bikomeye birimo kotsa u Rwanda. Guhitamo Minisitiri Gasana Alfred ni uko aziranye na FDLR, barakoranye, nyuma arabihinduka abarwanya ari Bourgmestre, ahembwa kuba depite asoreza muri NISS. Icyavuye mu nama ya Minisitiri Gasana Alfred ni uko kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 20/12/2022, hahise hatangwa amategeko ko M23 igomba gutangira imirwano kandi ikarwanisha imyenda itagaragaza ko ari abasirikare bambaye kuko icyo kintu cyamaze kuvumburwa na MONUSCO. Nyuma y’ijambo Gasana Alfred yavuganye n’abayobozi b’Akarere ka Rubavu bahamagarirwa gukorana neza na M23 mu ikoreshwa ry’imipaka, ku wa Mbere, tariki ya 19/12/2022, hahise hatangwa amategeko, M23 ihita igaba ibitero ku ngabo za FARDC i Masisi, naho Mayor wa Rubavu, Kambogo Ildephonse, we ajya gukoresha inama n’abacuruzi bambukiranya imipaka, bava cyangwa bajya i Goma, batumiramo abahagarariye RDC. Ubu rero nibwo buryo bwakoreshejwe mu kujijisha Abanyekongo ngo batamenya ibyaberaga i Masisi.
Mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Kabiri, imirwano yabereye mu duce twa Mulimbi, Rusekera no mu nkengero zaho ku ntera y’ibilometero 35 uvuye i Kitshanga, muri Territoire ya Masisi. Nyamara umuvugizi wa M23 wungirije, Canisius Munyarugero, yari yarikorekereje ku binyamakuru bikorera kuri YouTube byo mu Rwanda, akibeshya ko inyeshyamba za M23 zitigeze ziva mu birindiro byazo. Ku ruhande rw’abasesenguzi muri politiki y’aka karere, ikibazo si uko M23 itavuye mu birindiro byayo ngo ijye kurwana na FARDC, ahubwo ikibazo cyakabaye kutabivamo, hubahirizwa amasezerano ya Luanda na Nairobi. M masaha ashyira saa sita zo kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 20/12/2022, Colonel Guillaume Ndike Kayiko, Umuvugizi wa FARDC mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, yatangazaga ko ingabo avugira zamaze kongera kwisubiza uduce twa Mulimbi na Rusekera, twombi duherereye muri Territoire ya Rutshuru, nyuma y’imirwano yari yatangiye muri icyo gitondo, mu bitero bagabweho n’abarwanyi ba M23 bafatanyije na RDF. Mu kwivuguruza kwinshi, Umuvugizi wa M23, Maj. Willy Ngoma, we yatangaje ko itarwanye n’ingabo za FARDC, gusa, ko ahubwo barwanye na FDLR, Nyatura, ndetse na APCLS. Yari ayobewe se ko Canisius Munyarugero, yatangaje ko M23 itigeze iva mu birindiro byayo? Cyangwa yavugaga ko barwaniye mu biro?
Uyu muvugizi w’umutwe wa M23 yashimangiye ko badashobora na rimwe kuvanwa mu birindiro na FARDC kuko bahagaze neza ku rugamba. Kuri we avuga ko ari Leta ya Kinshasa ikomeje kwirengagiza amasezerano ya Luanda ahubwo irimo gushakira ibisubizo mu nzira y’intambara, nyamara ibyasabwe M23 nta na kimwe yakoze, ahubwo ikigendera ku nama za Perezida Kagame zibahatira gukomeza guhungabanya umutekano ababwira ko ari bwo amahanga azumva ikibazo cyabo. Iyo M23 iba yarashyize mu bikorwa amasezerano ya Luanda ikava mu bice yasabwagamo kuvamo, imirwano iba yarahagaze, kuko FARDC itari kubona abayirwanya. Ikigaragara ni uko Perezida Kagame aca aha akavuga bimwe agatuma Alfred Gasana ibindi. Ikindi gihangayikishije cyane M23 ni umutwe wa APCLS (Alliance des Patriotes pour un Congo Libre et Souverain), mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza, The Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo, yashinzwe mu 2006 i Masisi, ariko ikitwara nka Mai-Mai, iyobowe na Lieutenant Général Janvier Buingo Karairi, uzwi nka General Janvier. Uyu mutwe rero uvuga ko icyo ugamije ari uguhangana n’ingengabitekerezo ya M23. Uyu mutwe ugizwe ahanini n’abo mu bwoko bw’Abahunde, ukavuga ko udashobora kwihanganira intambara RDC ishorwaho n’u Rwanda yihishe mu mutaka wa M23.
APCLS ishingwa yari nk’igice cya PARECO (Patriotes Résistants Congolais), ku buryo hari n’ababanje kuyita PARECO-Hunde, ariko mu 2008, PARECO iza kuvaho bitewe n’Amasezerano ya Goma. APCLS yari igizwe n’abarwanyi bageze ku 1,500, ariko bigeze mu 2012-13, M23 yongeye kugaba ibitero iyi APCLS ihita ijya ku ruhande rwa FARDC, bafatanya kurwanya. M23 isheshwe ijyana na PARECO, APCLS isigara ku izina gusa. Iki gihe cyose RDC yari igifite agahenge kuko Kagame yari abuze intama n’ibyuma yisunga Kabila. Mu 2015, hagabwe ibitero bikomeye kuri APCLS bituma muri Kanama 2016, hasinywa amasezerano hagati ya Leta ya RDC na APCLS, Mai-Mai Nyatura ndetse n’indi mitwe, agahenge karaboneka. Muri 2021, aho M23 yuburiye intwaro yakanguye iyi mitwe yose bituma akajagari Perezida Kagame yashakaga akabona bitamugoye, na cyane ko iyi mitwe yose ibaho kubera gucukura amabuye y’agaciro , mu buryo bwa gakondo (Artisanal mining), yiganjemo 3Ts cyangwa Tin, Tantalum na Tungsten ava muri Cassiterite, Colombo- Tantalite (Coltan) na Wolframite; kuri aya bakongeraho Zahabu (Gold), itunganyirizwa mu Rwanda na Uganda. Uyu mutwe rero wa APCLS ni ikibazo gikomeye kuri M23 na RDF kuko kuko wagiye ushinjwa kenshi guterwa inkunga na MONUSCO ndetse na FARDC, mu gihe M23 itarabasha guhakana ko ifashwa na RDF, dore ko Leta ya Kagame yivuyemo kuri uyu wa Gatatu, ku wa 21/12/2022, ubwo yasohoraga itangazo rivuga ko M23 irengana mu bwicanyi bwakorewe i Kishishe na Bambo muri Rutshuru, ku wa 29 na 30/11/2022, ikemeza ko ari ikinyoma cyahimbwe na RDC kikakirwa kandi kigasakazwa n’abanyamahanga. Gukomeza kurondora ko u Rwanda rwihanganiye guhungabakirizwa umutekano, nta kuri kubirimo kuko ni ikinamico yo gutera ibisasu mu Kinigi, byagaragaye ko bitava muri RDC ngo bireke gusenya imijyi ahubwo bijye kugwa mu mirima y’abaturage. Kwitwaza ingabo za RDC zagiye ziza mu Rwanda zirasa nta kigaragaza ko zatumwe na Leta.
Ibisobanuro byose Umuvugizi wungirije wa Guverinoma, Alain Mukurarinda yahaye Radio Rwanda, mu ijoro ryo kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki ya 21/12/2022, byanze kunyura umunyamakuru, arumva byanyura Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bamaze kumenya aho ukuri gushingiye? Ni ukwikirigita bagaseka gusa! Ibi rero nta kindi kibyihishe inyuma uretse kuba Leta y’u Rwanda ishaka gukomeza kuyobya uburari ngo ikomeze yisahurire umutungo kamere wa RDC. Icyo itazi ni icyo ubu amahanga yose yamaze kuvumbura umuvuno Perezida Kagame yaciye muri 2013, ubwo M23 yameneshwaga i Goma, uyu munsi ntiwakongera gukora, abantu bose barawuvumbuye. Muri make azumira ku ruhu nk’ikirondwe, inka yarariwe kera!
Kagame akomeje kuyobya M23, ayigira inama yo kwica abasivili, biganjemo abana n’abagore, ayibwira ko ari cyo kizatuma ikibazo cyayo cyumvikana ni ukuyoreka kuko iyi technique yakoreshejwe mu rugamba rwa FPR aho yicaga abantu mu Bigogwe n’ahandi ikabyitirira Leta, nta koranabuhanga ryari rihari. Uyu munsi iki kinyoma Minisitiri Gasana Alfred yashyiriye M23 ngo ikomeje ubwicanyi, ntabwo cyakwemerwa kuko ikoranabuhanga ryo mu 1993 ritandukanye cyane n’iryo mu 2023. Uyu munsi kuba u Rwanda rumara koshya M23, rukajijisha ibihugu by’amahanga ko rushyigikiye amasezerano ya Luanda n’aya Nairobi, rwarangiza rukajya kwisobanura impamvu rwarunze abasirikare ku mipaka iruhuza na RDC, ni ugushaka kujijisha bidafite ireme, kuko nta wuyobewe ko bigera mu gicuku, RDF ikavanga na M23, bugacya mu gitondo bubara imirwano, bakagaba ibitero kuri FARDC, ngo bagiye guhiga FDLR, APCLS na Mai- Mai Nyatura, kandi nabo babizi ko impamvu nyamukuru y’intambara ari ubusahuzi bw’umutungo bwishingikirije kurwanira Abatutsi bo muri RDC, kandi mu by’ukuri, ari ukubagira ibitambo, nk’uko byagenze mu Rwanda, aho byemejwe n’uwari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Dr. Charles Muligande, wabajijwe impamvu FPR yafashe ubutegetsi mu maraso y’Abatutsi bishwe, kandi yaranze ko batabarwa, ivuga ko jenoside yarangiye, agasubiza ngo: «On ne peut pas manger l’omolette sans casser les oeufs!»
Twihanganishije bikomeye imiryango y’inzirakarengane zose zirimo gushorwa mu ntambara yo gusahura zikagwayom ndetse n’Abanyekongo bakomeje kuzira intambara batazi aho yateguriwe. Hari icyizere ko ubwo ibihugu bikomeye na USA, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubudage n’ibindi byamaze kumenya aho ukuri guherereye, igihe kizagera isi yose ikakumenya, amarira y’inzirakarengane agakomeza kugera ku Mana, kugeza ubwo ubwayo izimanukira, igahindura ibyanze guhinduka, kandi ntibiri mu gihe cya kera.
Ahirwe Karoli