Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Ku isi yose uburezi ni inkingi ya mwamba mu iterambere ry’ibihugu, kuko ari bwo butuma abaturage bagira ubumenyi bujyanye n’igihe kandi akaba ari bwo bushingirwaho mu gushaka imirimo. Iyi nayo ni indi nkingi ituma habaho izamuka ry’ubukungu ndetse n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Birumvikana rero ko uburezi bupfuye cyangwa hagatangwa ubudafite ireme, ubumenyi burabura, kuzagira imirimo bikaba inzozi, igihugu kikaba gipfapfannye gityo bitewe na politike y’uburezi yishwe nkana n’abategetsi badakunda abaturage babo.
Ku butegetsi bwa FPR byabaye ibindi bindi kuko ireme ry’uburezi ryangijwe ku bushake, ugasanga urubyiruko rwigishwa rutarenga umutaru, n’abagize ngo barangije amashuri bakabura icyo bakora, kuko mu by’ukuri baba barabeshywe ko bize, ababyeyi babo baririye bakimara, ariko bikarangira ntacyo batahanye. Abahanga bemeza ko kugira ngo uburezi bugire ireme buba bugomba kubanzirizwa na politike yabwo nziza, ikerekana imirongo migari igaragaza aho igihugu gishaka kuganisha uburezi bwacyo. Politike y’uburezi kandi igomba gushingira ku bibazo bihari, bigomba gusubizwa n’uburezi bufite ireme, hagakurikiraho kugaragaza abazagira uruhare bose mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iyi politike bose. Aha niho hagaragara uruhare rwa Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo, ibigo bifite aho bihuriye n’uburezi, amashuri afite ibikoresho n’abarimu bahagije, bikamanuka bikagera ku mubyeyi n’umunyeshuri ku giti cye. Iyo hari uruhande rwirengagijwe ireme ry’uburezi rirarwara, rikagenda riremba, rikazageraho rigapfa burundu nk’uko byagendekeye u Rwanda rw’uyu munsi.
Mu Rwanda uretse agatsiko gato ka FPR kohereza abana bako hanze, ababyeyi bifite nabo bakishingira amashuri yigenga, usanga ireme ry’uburezi mu mashuri ya Leta ryaragiye rimungwa gake gake, kugeza rinangutse. Byahumiye ku mirari aho Leta ya FPR yahindaguye integanyanyigisho ntiyaziherekeresha ibitabo, guhindaguranya indimi zigishwamo no gushyiraho amatsinda y’amasomo yigwa (combinations), adafite icyo yageza ku munyeshuri uyize. Ibi rero ni umugambi mubisha wa FPR wo kwereka amahanga ko abanyeshuri begerejwe amashuri maze bakiga, ariko washakisha icyo bize ukakibura, bagataha amara masa. Ku isi yose, uburezi bwubatse mu buryo bujyana n’amasuzuma ahoraho (évaluations continues), atuma habashwa kurebwa niba hari icyo umunyeshuri yasigaranye, kandi bigakorwa mu bumenyi no mu bumenyingiro, kugira ngo mu by’ukuri umunyeshuri azagire icyo acyura, mu gihe azaba arangije amashuri ye. Aya masuzuma rero akorwa kuva hasi kugeza hejuru niyo atuma abanyeshuri bashyirwa mu byiciro hakaboneka abimuka koko barabikoreye, abasibira kugira ngo bikubite agashyi, bazimuke bafite icyo bamenye, hakaba n’abahindurirwa ibyo bigaga kuko hari igihe bahatiwe kwiga ibyo badashaka cyangwa badashoboye, bikabaviramo gutsindwa kandi mu by’ukuri hari ibindi bashoboye. Ibi rero ntabwo FPR yigeze ibiha agaciro bikwiye, ahubwo yubatse uburezi bufite imivuduko myinshi kuko buri shuri ryirwariza kandi rigasabwa gutanga umusaruro, mu gihe amafaranga yavuye mu nguzanyo no mu nkunga aba yarangiriye mu nama andi akigira ku ma comptes ya FPR, hagahora haririmbwa ngo hubatswe ibyumba by’amashuri bisenyuka bidateye kabiri.
Uyu mwaka w’amashuri ushize wa 2021/2022 waranzwe n’udushya twinshi utuma dusubiza amaso inyuma ngo twerekane uburyo ubu bugome buba bwarateguwe kandi bugahabwa umugisha na FPR mu buryo butaziguye, kandi mu binyoma byinshi kuko hari uwakwishimira ko abanyeshuri benshi biga, ariko se biga iki? Amanota y’abanyeshuri bakoze ibizamini bisoza amashuri yisumbuye (General Education), ay’imyuga (TVET) n’amashuri nderabarezi (TTC), yatangajwe na Minisiteri y’Uburezi, kuri uyu wa Kane, tariki ya 15/12/2022, yerekanye ko abanyeshuri 3,039 batsinzwe kandi bakaba nta handi bemerewe gusibira, bagomba gutaha batyo, bagataha amara masa, kandi bamaze imyaka irenga 15 mu ishuri babeshywa ko bigishwa. Iyi myaka 15 ibariyemo 3 y’amashuri y’inshuke (Nursery School), 6 mu mashuri abanza (Primary School) n’indi 6 mu mashuri yisumbuye (Secondary School). Ibi bisobanuye ko umunyeshuri wize neza arangiza amashuri yisumbuye agize hejuru y’imyaka 18, yatsindwa ibizamini bya Leta agataha atyo, adahawe n’amahirwe yo gusibira ngo azakore umwaka ukurikiraho arebe ko yatsinda, nawe atahane icyo gipapuro. Aha rero niho abasesenguzi batandukanye bibaza bati : «Kuba uburezi FPR ishyira imbere ari imyaka 9 y’ibanze (9YBE) n’imyaka 12 ku barangiza ayisumbuye (12YBE), ikibagirwa ko umwana ahera mu mashuri y’inshuke afite imyaka 3, akayamaramo 3, akinjira mu mashuri abanza agize 6, akayavamo agize 12, yagira amahirwe yo kwiga ayisumbuye akazayarangiza afite nibura 18, akabwirwa ko atsinzwe agomba gutaha akajya guhinga, aba yoherejwe guhinga mu yihe sambu ko iba yaragurishijwe kugira ngo yige cyangwa yaratejwe cyamunara na Leta?»
Abandi bumvise imvugo z’abashinzwe uburezi basanga ari ubugome bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibizamini n’Ubugenzuzi mu Mashuri (NESA), Dr. Bahati Bernard, yagiye kuri Radio Rwanda, akurira abatsinzwe inzira ku murima, ababwira ko nta wuzahirahira ngo aze gusibira. Yagize ati: «Kuri twe ntabwo twiteze ko bagaruka gusibira, ni ibibareba kuba batekereza uburyo bazongera gukora ibizamini ariko ntabwo ari abanyeshuri twiteze ko bagomba gusibira, kuko dufite abandi baturutse hasi bagomba kujya mu myanya aba bari barimo». Abajijwe niba birangiye bityo kuri aba banyeshuri batsinzwe kandi bamaze imyaka 15 mu ishuri, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa NESA, Dr. Bernard Bahati yakomeje avuga ko gusibira atari itegeko ku banyeshuri batsinzwe. Icyo baba bemerewe ni uko bashobora gutegereza imyaka itatu bicaye iwabo, bagasaba kongera gukora ikizamini cya Leta, ariko bagakora nk’ abakandida bigenga (candidats libres). Uko rero bitegura icyo kizamini cya Leta nibo babihitamo. Aha rero niho uhita wibaza niba umwana watsinzwe amaze imyaka 15 mu ishuri noneho azatsinda yicaye iwabo, bikakuyobera.
Umubyeyi aririye arimaze, atanze ibye byose ngo umunyeshuri yige, agize imyaka 18 cyangwa hejuru yayo kuko hari n’abarangiza amashuri yisumbuye bafite 25 kubera gusibira kenshi, FPR yarangiza iti:
«Ntimwemerewe gusibira, nimutahe iwanyu, muziyandikishe nk’abakandida bigenga, nimushaka muzabireke». Ibi bintu bigatangarizwa kuri radio y’igihugu, hatitawe ku bazagirwaho ingaruka n’uyu mwanzuro-rutwitsi, utaganisha Abanyarwanda aheza, ahubwo ari ukubabwira ngo “twababeshye ko mwiga, none mutashye uko mwaje”, bakabivuga umwana atarahakaniwe kera ngo ashake ikindi akora.
Iyo urebye umusaruro w’uyu mwaka ushize nabwo wibaza icyo abanyeshuri bigira kikakuyobera niba uwagize hejuru ya 20% wese aba yatsinze, nyamara hakarenga hagatsindwa abanyeshuri 3,039, bivuze ko aba ari abagize hagati 0 na 19%. Ese ubundi wa wundi wabwiwe ko yatsinze afite 20%, aba asohokanye ubumenyi bungana iki buzamufasha guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo, dore ko kwiga kwe biba birangiriye aho? Mu banyeshuri basaga ibihumbi 47 bakoze ikizamini gisoza amashuri yisumbuye mu masomo y’ubumenyi rusange, 2,561 baratsinzwe bakaba bagize 5.4%, abigaga mu mashuri ya tekinike, imyuga n’ubumenyingiro batsinzwe ni 475 bagize 2.2% na 3 batsinzwe mu mashuri nderabarezi bangana na 0.1%. Amanota yatangajwe na MINEDUC ku wa Kane, tariki ya 15/12/2022, yatangaje ko mu batsinze, abakobwa mu mashuri y’ubumenyi rusange barushije basaza babo kuko abatsinze ari 23,978 bangana na 50.6%, mu gihe abahungu ari 44%. Mu mashuri ya tekinike, abahungu baje imbere kuko bagize 52.6%, abakobwa bakagira 45.2%, mu gihe muri TTC abakobwa ari 60.3% naho abahungu ni 39.6%. Birababaje kandi biteye agahinda kuba umubare munini nk’uyu, 3,039 bangana na 7.7% by’abanyeshuri bakoze ibizamini bya Leta, baratsinzwe, kandi nta wemerewe gusibira kuko amategeko ariho mu Rwanda avuga ko kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe kuba yakwiyandikisha nk’umukandida wigenga bisaba ko agomba kuba nibura amaze imyaka itatu arangije. Ubu rero icyo ubutegetsi bwa FPR bukoreye aba banyeshuri batsinzwe n’abandi 352 batakoze ni ukubapfunyikira ikibiribiri, bagataha amara masa, bakazategereza kongera gukora ibizamini bya Leta nk’abakandida bigenga mu mwaka wa 2024/2025.
Remezo Rodriguez