Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Mu gihe kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki ya 28/11/2022, guhera saa tatu za mu gitondo, hari hateganyijwe ibiganiro hagati ya Let aya RD Congo n’imitwe iyirwanya, byagombaga kubera muri Safari Park Hotel & Casino, i Nairobi muri Kenya, intambara yo ikomeje kuvuza ubuhuha mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo, aho ingabo za FARDC zihanganye na M23 ifatanyije na RDF, ibihugu bitandukanye bikomeje gukora ibishoboka byose ngo iyi ntambara ihagarare ariko Kabitera Paul Kagame akomeje kuvunira ibiti mu matwi.
Mu minsi ishize, RD Congo yerekanye ko yamaze gusobanukirwa uwo barwana bituma yanga kwitabira ibiganiro byagombaga kubera i Nairobi, kuri uyu wa 21/11/2022, ivuga ko idashobora gushyikirana n’umutwe w’ibyihebe bikora iterabwoba. Ibyo biganiro byahise byimurirwa kuri iyi tariki ya 28/11/2022.
Uwahoze ari Perezida wa Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta, akaba n’Umuhuza wagenwe na EAC muri iki kibazo yasuye RD Congo aganira n’abategetsi batandukanye, yibonera neza ko ikibazo gikomezwa kwenyegezwa na Perezida Kagame, ndetse amusaba kubihagarika, aranabimwemerera. Iki rero cyari kibaye ikindi gitego cy’umutwe RD Congo itsinze muri diplomatie, kuko noneho Kagame yemeye ko afite ijambo kuri M23, akabyemera nta wubimuhatiye, ahubwo kubera ko uko byagenda kose, ukuri kugera aho kugatsinda ikinyoma.
Uku kuri ku cyihishe inyuma y’intambara ica ibintu mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo kwagiye ahagaragara ubwo Perezida Kagame yemeraga nta gahato ko azafasha Uhuru Kenyatta kumvisha M23 ko igomba guhagarika imirwano igasubira mu birindiro byayo by’ibanze.
Uhuru Kenyatta hamwe na Paul Kagame bumvikanye ko hakenewe ihagarikwa ry’intambara mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo, akaba ariyo mpamvu bemeye gufatanya kugira ngo bahagarike intambara, M23 ive no mu duce iherutse kwigarurira, ariko byagaragaraga ko ari ya mayeri isi yose yamaze kuvumbura.
Radio Okapi yatangaje ko Perezida Kagame yemeye gufasha Uhuru Kenyatta usanzwe ari umuhuza hagati y’impande zishyamiranye muri EAC ko azamufasha kuganiriza M23 igashyira hasi intwaro.
Ibi byatangajwe mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ibiro by’Umuhuza w’Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) ryasohotse ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 18 Ugushyingo 2022.
Iyi nyandiko igira iti: «Perezida Kenyatta, aganira na Perezida Kagame, yemeye ko hagomba guhita habaho ihagarikwa ry’imirwano kandi Perezida Kagame yemeye gufasha Umuhuza wa EAC mu gusaba M23 guhagarika umuriro no kuva mu turere yafashe hakurikijwe icyifuzo cyatanzwe n’abayobozi b’ingabo mu karere, mu nama yabo yabereye i Bujumbura.»
Nk’uko iyi nyandiko ibivuga, Uhuru Kenyatta yavuganye n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ndetse n’Abakuru b’Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byo mu karere, barimo Félix Tshisekedi wa RD Congo, Evariste Ndayishimiye w’u Burundi na Paul Kagame w’u Rwanda.
Ibihugu birimo USA, u Bufaransa, u Bubiligi n’u Bwongereza byahurije ijwi hamwe biti: «Turasaba M23 gusubira inyuma mu maguru mashya, guhagarika ibikorwa binyuranya n’amategeko mpuzamahanga no guharika imirwano.»
Aha rero byari bigiye ku mugaragaro ko Kagame yivuyemo nk’inopfu akemeza ko ashyigikiye kandi afite ijambo kuri M23, kuba yumva ko yababwira gusubira inyuma bikemera. Kandi birashoboka cyane kuko Kagame avanye ingabo za RDF muri RD Congo, M23 yasubira inyuma, yabishaka itabishaka.
Ku rundi ruhande, inkuru yo ku wa 21/11/2022, dukesha umuzindaro wa Leta ya Kigali, Igihe.com, yahawe umutwe ugira uti: «M23 yiyemeje gusuzugura amahanga ikaguma mu bice yafashe», ivuga ko mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye byasabye M23 kuva aho yafashe, abavugizi bayo batangaje ko badateze kuva aho bafashe na santimetero 1 n’ubwo babisabwa kajana. Umutwe wa M23 umaze gufata ibice binini bya Kivu ya Ruguru ndetse uracyakomeje gufata utundi cyane ko igihanganye na FARDC na magingo aya. Umuvugizi wa M23, Willy Ngoma yabwiye BWIZA TV ati:
«Ntidushobora gusubira inyuma na santimetero imwe. Ntibishoboka icyo cyo ucyemere ko
tudashobora gutsimbuka.» Ibi rero M23 yabivugaga kuko yari isinziriye izi icyo yokeje, mu gihe Kagame we yivuyemo akavuga ayifiteho ijambo, ariko yo ikomeza kwihagararaho, kuko yizeye ubufasha ihabwa na RDF. Gusa uko byagenda kose amaherezo y’inzira ni munzu, rusibiye aho ruzanyura!
Abasesenguzi bakomeje kwibaza ikigiye gukurikiraho, hakabamo abemeza ko M23 yaba igiye kongera kuraswa n’ibihugu byinshi nk’uku byagenze mu 2013, abandi bakemeza ko bitashoboka kuko M23 yatangaje ko icyo ishaka ari ibiganiro na Leta ya RD Congo, ariko yo ntibikozwa ahubwo iyita ibyehebe bikora iterabwoba.
Inkuru yo ku wa 21/11/2022, dukesha Rwanda Tribune, yahawe umutwe ugira uti: «Ntidushaka kuganira n’ibyo byihebe ngo ni M23 ahubwo turabarasa», yasubiragamo aya magambo ya Perezida Tshisekedi, ikavuga ko RD Congo yakomeje kwanga kugirana ibiganiro na M23 yita umutwe w’iterabwoba.
Ibi biganiro RD Congo yateye utwatsi byari biteganyijwe i Nairobi kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki ya 21/11/2022, nyamara ibiro bya Perezida Tshisekedi bihita bitangaza ko RD Congo idashobora kuganira n’izi nyeshyamba kuko ari ibyihebe bikora iterabwoba. Iri tangazo rikomeza rivuga ko RD Congo yateguye ingabo kugira ngo zijye kurasa ziriya nyeshyamba kandi bizeye ko zizatsindwa.
M23 yakomeje kuvuga ishaka ibiganiro ndetse ikabishyigikirwamo na EAC ndetse n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta muri iki gihugu igakomeza gusaba ko hakemurwa amakimbirane hakoreshejwe ibiganiro ariko Leta ya RD Congo ntibikozwe, kuko yari izi neza ko ikibazo gihari atari Abanyekongo ahubwo bagitezwa n’u Rwanda rwabashojeho intambara, nyamara Kagame akiyerekana yiyambika ubusa avuga ko agiye kuvugana na M23.
Kuba Kagame yarivuyemo akavuga ko agiye gutegeka M23 gushyira intwaro hasi nta shingiro bifite kuko inyungu zamujyanye muri iki gihugu zitararangira, kandi akaba atazihara atokejwe igitutu n’urusaku rw’amasasu.
Ibi binyoma bya Kagame bikomeje gukubitirwa ahakubuye mu gihe imirwano itoroshye ikomeje gushyamiranya FARDC na M23/RDF ahitwa 3 Antennes ku musozi wa Murinyundo muri Ruhunda. Umuvugizi wa M23, ishami rya politiki, Lawrence Kanyuka, abinyujije kuri Twitter, yavuze ko Leta ya RD Congo idashaka amahoro bityo ko bagiye gukomeza kurwana. Barabuzwa n’iki ko bizeye ubufasha bwa Kagame ?
Andi makuru yaturukaga i Kibumba yavugako ingabo za FARDC zikomeje gushushubikanya M23 nyuma y’ubusabe bw’uko hubahirizwa amasezerano ya Nairobi na Luanda. Aho bukera rero M23 na RDF barayamanika biruke, inzozi zo gufata umujyi wa Goma zirangirire aho, amerwe asubizwe mu isaho.
Ku wa Gatatu, tariki ya 23/03/2022, abakuru b’ibihugu bongeye guterana i Luanda yemeza ko M23 igomba kuba yashyize intwaro hasi ndetse ikava mu duce yari yarafashe ikajya mu kirunga cya Sabyinyo, bitarenze ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 25/11/2022, saa kumi n’ebyiri za nimugoroba. M23 yahise ibitera ishoti ivuga ko itatumiwe mu biganiro naho RD Congo ikavuga ko iyi M23 yari ihagarariwe n’u Rwanda rusanzwe ruyifasha.
Ku wa Kane, tariki ya 24/11/2022, BBC News yashatse kumenya uko imiryango itagengwa na Leta muri RD Congo yakiriye icyo cyemezo, maze ivugana na Onesphore Sematumba, ushinzwe Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari mu kigo mpuzamahanga kireba ibijyanye n’amakimbirane, ICG (International Crisis Group). Uyu yatangaje ko ibi biganiro bya Luanda bidashobora kugira icyo bigeraho kuko urebwa n’ikibazo wa mbere ari we M23 atatumiwe, ahubwo hagatumirwa u Rwanda rukomeje guhakana uruhare rwarwo mu gufasha M23.
Mbere y’uko isaha yahawe M23 ngo ibi yahagaritse imirwano ndetse yarekuye uduce yigaruriye igera, uuvugizi wa M23, Canisius Munyarugerero yumvikanye avuga ko uwo mwanzuro utabareba kuko batari batumiwe muri iyo nama ya Luanda, kandi ko ibyo gusubira inyuma bidashoboka.
Mu rukerera rwo ku wa 25/11/2022, M23 yakomeje imirwano nk’aho ntacyabaye ndetse imirwano ikomeye yumvikanira mu gace ka Chumba muri Teritwari ya Rutshuru muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Umunyamakuru wa Kigali Today wasuye umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Congo mu bice abarwanyi ba M23 bigaruriye yasanze nta kigaragaza ko abarwanyi ba M23 bafite gahunda yo kuva mu birindiro. Uduce twa Kibumba, Ruhunda na Buhumba byegereye umupaka w’u Rwanda mu Karere ka Rubavu mu Murenge wa Busasamana na Bugeshi, abaturage bavuga ko bakomeje kubona abarwanyi ba M23 mu birindiro byabo kandi nta gahunda bafite yo kuhava.
Kagame rero wivuyemo nk’inopfu, amaze kubona ko akarenze umunwa karushya ihamagara, nyuma yo kwemerera Uhuru Kenyatta ko agiye kuvugana na M23 igahagarika imirwano, niko byagenze kuko kuri uyu wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 26/11/2022, M23 yasohoye itangazo yemera guhagarika imirwano icyakora ihakana ibyo gusubira inyuma nk’uko byari byasabwe. Uwo mutwe ahubwo wasabye guhura n’abahuza muri iki kibazo barimo Perezida João Lourenço wa Angola na Uhuru Kenyatta, umuhuza wagenwe na EAC. Ibi rero M23 yakoze ni ukwisama yasandaye kuko inama ihuza RD Congo n’imitwe iyirwanya yari yaramaze gutumirwa mu biganiro bya Nairobi.
Itangazo ry’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) ari wo watangije ibi biganiro, rivuga ko inama ifungurwa na Perezida w’u Burundi, Evariste Ndayishimiye, Uhuru Kenyatta usanzwe ari umuhuza muri ibyo biganiro ndetse n’intumwa zitandukanye zihagarariye Afurika yunze Ubumwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.
Ubwo twandikaga iyi nkuru twari tutaramenya neza umubare w’imitwe irwanya RD Congo izitabira ibi biganiro, dore ko mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo habarurirwa imitwe irenga 130 iyirwanya. Gusa icyo tuzi neza ni uko M23 itatumiwe muri ibi biganiro, n’ubwo yisamye yasandaye ikemera ko ihagaritse imirwano, nyamara ikibagirwa ko yasabwe kurekura uduce yigaruriye igasubira mu kirunga cya Sabyinyo ku kibi n’icyiza.
Abasesenguzi benshi bakomeje guhuriza ku bujiji bukomeje kurangwa muri M23 aho yibwira ko u Rwanda rwayifasha gufata Goma, kandi bikaba bidashoboka, kuko amahanga yose ahahanze amaso, akaba atakwemera kurebera ko ubushotoranyi bw’u Rwanda bukomeza guhabwa intebe.
Igisigaye rero ni uko M23 yemera kuva mu duce yafashe nta yandi mananiza kuko gukomeza kwizera ubufasha bwa Kagame ari ukwishuka, kuko amahanga yose yamaze kuvumbura ikinyoma cye, akaba atagishoboye gukomeza kucyihanganira. Amateka rero agiye kwisubiramo, ibyabaye mu 2013 bigiye kongera.
Mu gihe ikinyoma cya Kagame yamaze kukigaragaza, akemeza ko afite ijambo kuri M23, amahanga yose akwiye guhumuka, akabona ko igihungabanya amahoro muri aka karere ari Perezida Kagame, cyane ko nawe atakibasha kubihakana no kubihisha. Igihe ni iki rero ngo amahanga amukureho amaboko, ingabo za RDF zirukanwe ku butaka bwa RD Congo, icyo gihe M23 izibwiriza ihagarike imirwano, nta wundi igishije inama, dore ko aho ikura ingufu zose hazaba hashyizweho iherezo burundu.
Tuboneyeho kandi kwihanganisha abavandimwe b’Abanyekongo bakomeje gushorwa mu ntambara ku maherere, bishingiye gusa ku bwibone bwa FPR-Kagame no gushaka gukomeza kwikungahaza akoresheje umutungo kamere wa RD Congo. Nta yandi mahitamo rero ahari uretse kwamagana intambara n’uwayitangije kugira ngo aka karere kongere karangwe n’umutekano nk’uko kari kameze mbere y’uko Kagame ahabwa ubutumwa bwo kugahungabanya. Kuba Kagame atangiye kwemera uruhare rwe ntibihagije, nakomeze atere intambwe akure ingabo ze mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo, maze arebe ko amahoro atongera agahinda.
Kuba M23 ikomeza kwigira akari aha kajyahe muri aka karere nta kindi kibitera uretse Kabitera Paul Kagame. Igihe kirageze rero ngo amahanga ahumuke atere ikirenge mu cy’umunyarwanda wavuze ngo
« Aho kwica Gitera, hakwiye kwicwa ikibimutera ». Bitabaye bityo rero RD Congo izakomeza isahurwe imitungo yayo n’u Rwanda, kandi ikigaragara ni uko RD Congo itazakomeza kubyihanganira, ndetse igihe kizagera kwivamo kwa Kagame uzashyira kumubyarire amazi nk’ibisusa, na cyane ko M23 yisamye yasandaye. Tuzakomeza rero tubakurikiranire uko ibintu birushaho gufata indi ntera muri aka karere.
Ahirwe Karoli