Yanditswe na Umurungi Jeanne Gentille
Bamwe mu baturage bo mu Kagari ka Nyawera mu Murenge wa Mwiri mu Karere ka Kayonza, bavuga ko batungujwe gahunda yo gusiga amarangi ku nzu zegereye umuhanda, babwirwa ko abatazabikora bazashaka aho bazerecyeza inzu zabo. Aba baturage biganjemo abacururiza mu Gasantere k’ubucuruzi ka Murehe ko muri aka Kagari ka Nyawera ndetse n’abahafite inzu zo guturamo, babwiye RADIOTV10 ko iyi gahunda yo gusiga amarangi yaje ibagwa hejuru batarayitegujwe, bituma bahuriramo n’akaga gakomeye.
Umwe usanzwe ari umucuruzi yagize ati: «Ni ibintu badutunguje tutateguye, tutatekerejeho. Hari ibyo nahombye nagombaga kuba narakoze ariko ndabihombya nsiga irangi. Baba bagomba kuduteguza bakaduha nk’umwaka.»
Uyu muturage akomeza avuga ko hari abaturage byasabye kugurisha ibyabo kugira ngo bashyire mu bikorwa iki cyemezo cyafashwe bagitungujwe. Ati: «Hari nk’uwahise agurisha umurima cyangwa akagurisha nk’itungo kubera ko bije byihuta, ugasanga bimugizeho ingaruka.»
Aba baturage bavuga kandi ko ubuyobozi bwababwiraga ko utazubahiriza iki cyemezo, azabihanirwa ku buryo hari n’ibihano bababwiraga bumva bidashoboka. Umwe muri aba baturage yagize ati : «Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kayonza, Nyemazi John Bosco, yavuze ko utazasiga irangi nk’uko abandi bari kubikora azareba aho yerecyeza inzu ye.» Bavuga kandi ko abatarabashije gusiga aya marangi, batemerewe gucuruza kuko amazu adasize yafunzwe, ndetse n’atuwemo ba nyirayo barameneshwa.
Mayor Nyemazi John Bosco ahakana aka gahato kashyizwe ku baturage, akavuga ko iki cyemezo cyavuye mu bitekerezo by’abaturage, bityo ko kitabatunguye nk’uko babivuga. Ati: «Icya mbere si ikintu cy’agahato, haba harabayeho inama, tukajya inama n’abaturage bakabyemeranyaho kandi turabona bigenda bifata umurongo mwiza.» Yongeyeho ko icyemezo cyafashwe atari ugusaba abaturage gusiga irangi gusa, ahubwo ko basabwe gukora amasuku, bakaba bacukura ibimpoteri byo kumenamo imyanda ndetse no kugira isuku ku mubiri. Nyamara ntabivugaho rumwe n’abaturage kuko bamwe bafungiwe amazu y’ubucuruzi, abandi bafungirwa inzu zo guturamo, bajya gusembera no gucumbika mu tundi Turere.
Aba baturage bandikiye inzego zose zirimo Akarere, Intara, MINALOC n’Inteko ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite, basaba gukingurirwa amazu, bagahabwa igihe kiri hagati y’amezi 6 n’umwaka, kugira ngo babe babashije kwisuganya no gusiga irangi nk’uko byategetswe n’Akarere kababeshyera ko ari bo babyihitiyemo.
Nyamara mu gihe Abadepite biyita Intumwa za Rubanda, kuri iki kibazo cyatumye abaturage bo muri Kayonza basuhukira mu tundi Turere, nta gisubizo bahawe, ahubwo izi ngirwa-badepite zihugiye mu bindi, birimo gusabira abakozi ba Leta kongererwa ikiruhuko cy’ububyeyi (congé de maternité ), aho umugabo ufite umugore wabyaye asabirwa kongererwa ikiruhuko, nk’uko umugore nawe agihabwa, nawe kikongerwa.
Bamwe mu Badepite bifuza ko ikiruhuko cy’umugabo ufite umugore wabyaye kiva ku minsi ine (4) ikaba 30, naho icy’umugore kikava ku mezi atatu (3) akaba atandatu (6). Iyi ngingo yavugishije benshi mu itangazamakuru no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, aho abantu batandukanye bavugaga ko iramutse yemejwe yagira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’igihugu, kuko u Rwanda nk’igihugu gikennye, abagituye bagomba gukora cyane, bitaba ibyo bikaba bigamije kongera ubukene, kuko n’ubundi aho ubukungu bugeze ari habi cyane.
Kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 21 Werurwe 2023, Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo (MIFOTRA) yajyanye mu Nteko umushinga usaba Abadepite kuvugurura Itegeko ry’Umurimo. Iri tegeko riherutse guteza impaka kuko rishingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga, aho rishimangira ko amashaka y’akazi ku bakozi bose, baba aba Leta n’abigenga ari 45 mu cyumweru, ariko iri Tegeko ryarahonyowe, aho inama y’abaminisitiri yemeje ko guhera ku itariki ya 01 Mutarama 2023, amasaha y’akazi azaba 40 mu cyumweru, akazi kagatangira saa tatu (9h00), aho kuba saa moya (7h00) za mugitondo, kakarangira saa kumi n’imwe z’umugoroba (17h00).
Ibi rero byo kuba Itegeko ryatowe n’Abadepite rihonyorwa rigasimbuzwa ibyemezo by’inama y’abaminisitiri ni amahano mu gihugu kigendera ku mategeko, kuko ryagombaga kubanza kuvugururwa, noneho abaminisitiri bakabona kugabanya amasaha y’akazi mu cyumweru, ariko siko byagenze, none uyu munsi nibwo MIFOTRA yibutse gutangiza ivugururwa ry’Itegeko, nyamara ari byo byagakwiriye kuba byarabanje mbere hose.
Abadepite batandukanye bagiye bavuga uko babitekereza, ariko bose ukumva bagusha ku gushimangira kugabanya amasaha y’akazi no kongera ibiruhuko byo kubyara, batitaye ku bibazo byugarije abaturage no ku ngaruka ibi byemezo bipfuye amaso bizagira ku iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Depite Frank Habineza yabwiye BBC ko iyi Minisiteri yazanye uyu mushinga “cyane cyane ugamije kwemeza igabanywa ry’amasaha y’akazi yavuye kuri 45 akaba 40 mu cyumweru”. Nyamara uyu witwa ngo ni Intumwa ya Rubanda ntabona ko ibintu bicuritse, amasaha atari kugabanuka Itegeko ritavugururwa, kuko muri iki cyumweru ibiganiro birimbanyije ari icya 11 Itegeko rimaze rihonyorwa.
Itegeko risanzwe ry’Umurimo ntiriteganya ikiruhuko cy’umubyeyi w’umugabo ufite umugore wabyaye, ahubwo Sitati Rusange igenga Abakozi ba Leta niyo imuha iminsi ine (4). Ibi nabyo ubwabyo birapfuye kuko Sitati Rusange igenga Abakozi ba Leta ari Itegeko ukwaryo ritagomba kuvuguruzanya n’Itegeko ry’Umurimo.
Depite Habineza, aho kureba ko aya mategeko yombi yahonyowe, ahubwo yirebera ku nyungu z’agatsiko gato cyane, akavuga ko MIFOTRA yaje inasaba ko iyi minsi ine (4) y’ikiruhuko ku mugabo yemezwa mu itegeko. Ati: «Rero, natanze igitekerezo ko tuzamura ikiruhuko cy’umugore wabyaye kikava ku mezi atatu (3) akaba atandatu (6), kandi n’icy’umugabo we kikava ku minsi ine (4) ikaba ukwezi kumwe (iminsi 30).» Ibi rero byaramaganywe kuko hari abagore bahita birukanwa ku kazi kuko abikorera ntibakwihanganira umugore ubyara rimwe mu myaka 2, kuko yaba yarakoze akazi gusa mu mezi 12, mu gihe n’atatu yakemangwaga kuko abakoresha benshi binubiraga abagore bakibyara, bigatuma bimwa akazi.
Ikinyamakuru The New Times kivuga ko bamwe mu Badepite bashyigikiye iki gitekerezo mu mpaka zo mu Nteko kuri uyu mushinga wo kuvugurura Itegeko ry’Umurimo ryo mu 2018 nk’uko byifuzwa na MIFOTRA, ndetse Depite Odette Uwamariya, uyobora Komisiyo y’Imibereho Myiza, yabwiye Flash FM ko uyu mushinga waje ukenewe, kubera ibibazo bitandukanye byugarije umuryango nyarwanda, uzakemura. Depite Uwamariya kandi yabwiye Flash FM ko umushinga w’iri Tegeko ukigirwa muri Komisiyo, wazamara kunozwa, ingingo ku ngingo, ukazashyikirizwa Inteko rusange, hamaze kumvwa impande zinyuranye.
Depite Habineza yabwiye BBC ati: «Mu by’ukuri, iminsi ine ku mugabo ni mike cyane, hari igiye irangira mukiva kwa muganga nabwo iyo nta bibazo byabaye ku mubyeyi. Ariko ukwezi kw’ikiruhuko kwafasha kurushaho kwegerana mu marangamutima k’umubyeyi, umwana, n’umugabo.» Uko rero niko Abadepite bibereye mu byo kongera ibiruhuko ariko ntibavugire abaturage bahohoterwa hirya hino, kugeza ubwo ab’i Kayonza bahatiwe gusiga amarangi ku nzu cyangwa zigafungwa.
Bamwe mu bakozi ba Leta babyakiranye ubwuzu kuko bumvaga bagiye kugushwa ahashashe, ariko abandi cyane cyane abagore babona ko ari ukubirukana mu kazi no kubakenesha. Umwe mu bakozi ba Leta witwa Immy Kanyange, yabwiye BBC ko byaba ari byiza cyane, umugabo ahawe ikiruhuko cy’ukwezi.
Kanyange yagize ati: «Muri iki gihe ubuzima buragoye, nkanjye iwanjye nta mukozi wo mu rugo tukigira, ndamutse mbyaye umugabo akamara ukwezi ari mu rugo urumva ko byadufasha cyane. Naho kuvana ikiruhuko cy’umugore wabyaye ku mezi atatu akaba amezi atandatu, mbona ibyo ari ibyo mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bukomeye, kandi aho ntiturahagera.»
Undi mukozi witwa Marcel Karinganire abona ko ikiruhuko cy’umugabo w’umugore wabyaye koko gikwiye kongerwa ariko ntikirenze iminsi 15. Ati: «Amasaha y’akazi yaragabanutse, abantu ntibakizinduka cyane, rero ndumva umugabo wabyaye bamuhaye iminsi 15 yaba ari iyo, naho ubundi se yamara ukwezi mu rugo akora iki?»
Depite Habineza avuga ko impaka zabuze gica, birangira bemeranyije ko MIFOTRA igihe kubyigaho birushijeho, iminsi y’ibiruhuko ikazagenwa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo. Aha rero niho hateje ikibazo kuko niba kumvikana Inteko ishinga Amategeko ikananirwa gutora Itegeko ribereye abaturage, ikavuga ngo ibi bananiwe kumvikanaho birebana n’iminsi y’ibiruhuko, bizagenwa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri umwe, ni akazi kaba kananiye Inteko, ku buryo hari abavuze ko ikwiye guhita yegura.
Ubu se tuvuge ko iri Tegeko MIFOTRA ishaka bavugurura ryagiyeho mu 2018 ryateganya ko Ministiri w’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo, Kayirangwa Rwanyindo Fanfan, azashyiraho Iteka rya Minisitiri rigena umushahara fatizo (minimum wage), none bikaba byaramunaniye, ibindi asabwa gukora ari umwe byo wabyizera ushingiye kuki, niba Itegeko rigiye kuvugururwa akongererwa Amateka azakora ari umwe n’ibyo yasabwe mbere byaramunaniye? Ese Komisiyo yo kuvugurua amategeko imaze iki yo yakweguye?
Mu bucukumbuzi twakoze twasanze muri iyi Minisiteri hahora impinduka zigaragaza ko uretse kuba Minisitiri Kayirangwa Rwanyindo Fanfan yaragabiwe MIFOTRA ashimirwa uruhare Se umubyara, Dr. Rwanyindo yagize mu ntambara ya FPR, nta kindi ategerejweho kuko kuba imyaka 6 ishize asabwa Iteka rya Minisitiri rishyiraho umushahara fatizo, bikaba byaramunaniye, nta kindi wamwitegaho.
Icyo Minisitiri Kayirangwa azwiho ni uguhora ahindaguranya amategeko, dore ko aza muri iyi Minisiteri, Itegeko ry’Umurimo ryemereraga umugore wabyaye ikiruhuko cy’amezi atatu (ibyumweru 12), agahabwa umushahara we wose mu gihe cy’ukwezi n’igice, ariko yahitamo kuguma mu kiruhuko ukundi kwezi n’igice agahembwa 20% by’umushahara asanzwe ahembwa ku kwezi. Abagore benshi bahitagamo gusiga umwana w’ukwezi kumwe n’igice bagasubira ku kazi, kuko nta wemeraga guhembwa aya 20 %.
Ibi nabyo byari byateje urusaku kuko abakozi bose bahembwa ku kwezi bakatwa amafaranga yo kunganira Leta ku mafaranga ahembwa abagore bari mu kiruhuko cy’ububyeyi. Ikindi ni uko iri Tegeko ryo muri 2018 ritagiraga icyo rigenera umugabo ufite umugore wabyaye ku bijyanye n’ikiruhuko cyo kubyara, ahubwo Itegeko rishyiraho Sitati Rusange igenga Abakozi ba Leta ryo mu 2020 ryaje rivuguruza Itegeko ry’Umurimo, rigenera umugabo ufite umugore wabyaye ikiruhuko cy’iminsi ine, none birongeye birashwashwanye.
Izindi mpinduka ni izahonyoye aya mategeko yombi, aho inama y’abaminisitiri yemeje ko guhera ku itariki ya 01 Mutarama 2023, amasaha y’akazi yavanywe kuri 45 agirwa 40 mu cyumweru, aba 8 ku munsi aho kuba 9 nk’uko byateganywa mu Itegeko Nshinga n’Amategeko arishingiyeho ari yo Itegeko ry’Umurimo n’Itegeko rishyiraho Sitati Rusange igenga Abakozi ba Leta. Kuva icyo gihe akazi gatangira saa tatu (9h00) aho kuba saa moya (7h00) kakarangira saa kumi n’imwe (17h00). Ibi byose rero bikaba bigaragaza guhuzagurika kwa Minisitiri Kayirangwa, none Inteko imushyizeho undi mutwaro w’Iteka rya Minisitiri rigena ibiruhuko.
Aha rero niho duhera dusaba ko Inteko ishinga Amategeko yakwegura kuko ntacyo imariye abaturage. Yitwa ngo yaratowe kandi sibyo abaturage batora urutonde rwemejwe na FPR, ikaba ari nayo igenera amashyaka abadepite bajya mu Nteko. Ibi rero bigira ingaruka kuko Abadepite badakorera abaturage, ahubwo bakorera FPR yabagabiye imyanya, bigatuma nta kibazo cy’umuturage cyavugwa, n’iyo yaba arengana ntibibareba.
Kuba na none abaturage babeshywa ko bafite ababahagarariye nabyo sibyo kuko buri gihe iyo Inama rusange y’Inteko ishinga Amategeko igiye guterana habazwa niba nta mudepite ufite ikibazo abaturage bamutumye, buri gihe nta wuvuga, baricecekera kugira ngo FPR itabareba ikijisho bigatuma batazasubizwa ku rutonde. Na none kuba amategeko atamara kabiri kandi amenshi avuguruzanya byemeza ko ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwamaze kunanirwa, bukaba nta kindi bwirirwa burisha uretse gukenesha abaturage ngo bazahore bayipfukamiye.
Umurungi Jeanne Gentille