Mu mpera z’ukwezi k’Ugushyingo 2020, itangazamakuru rikorera Leta y’u Rwanda ryatangaje amwe mu mateka ya Linda Thomas-Greenfield, Joe Biden yahisemo ngo azahagarire Leta Zunze Ubumwe za America muri ONU. Nkuko nawe yakunze kubitangira ubuhamya madamu Linda Thomas-Greenfield yahatswe kugirirwa nabi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 94, kuko interahamwe zari zimwibeshyeho ubwo zamwitiranyaga na Madamu Agatha Uwiringiyimana bari baturanye. Iyo bavuze ko yarokotse jenoside ni aho baba berekeza. Uyu mutegarugoli rero ubusanzwe abarizwa mu bashyigikiye impinduka mu Rwanda. Muti Gute ? Linda Thomas-Greenfield yavutse mu mwaka w’1952 akaba kimwe mu bintu byamukomye ku mutima ari ivangura rishyingiye ku ruhu yakuze abona muri Louisiane. « Nakuriye mu giturage cyo muri America aho buri week-end Ku Klux Klan yazaga gutwikira imisaraba mu busitani bwacu ». Ibyo yabitangaje mu mwaka wa 2018.Yanditswe na Mutimukeye Constance
Ntabwo turi butinde ku buzima bwe, uretse kubabwira ko afite uburambe muri diplomasi ndetse akaba azi neza Afurica aho yakoranye n’ibihugu byinshi. Ishyaka ry’abademocrate, abamo, riratanga ikizere ko Umubano hagati ya Afurica na Leta zunze Ubumwe za America uzasubukurwa ugasubira mu murongo wa Barack Obama nyuma yaho Donald Trump yabonaga ibihugu bya Afurica nk’ibihugu bidafite agaciro. Naho uyu mugore we azwi nkushyira imbere demokarasi n’impinduka z’abategetsi kandi akaba adatinya kwamagana abategetsi bagundira ubutegetsi nka Kagame wo mu Rwanda. Tutabatindiye reka twiyibutse ubuhamya madamu Linda Thomas-Greenfield yatangarije imbere ya komisiyo ishinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga ya Senat ya Leta zunze Ubumwe bwa America igihe yari Umunyamabanga wungirije mu Biro bishinzwe Afurika muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Amerika. Icyo gihe hari ku i tariki ya 10 mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare 2016.
Umutwe wubwo buhamya wari : Ikenerwa ry’ Imiyoborere myiza[1]
Mu ntangiriro, madamu Linda Thomas-Greenfield yagize ati :
“Mu karere ka Afurika yo hagati, cyane cyane mu bihugu by’u Burundi, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, u Rwanda, Repubulika yo muri Afurica yo Hagati (Centre Africa)no muri Repubulika ya Kongo (Congo Brazza Ville), imbaraga zacu zo gushimangira inzego za demokarasi, kuzamura ubukungu, guteza imbere amahoro n’umutekano, no guteza imbere amahirwe n’iterambere si ibikorwa byihutirwa bireba Biro gusa ahubwo nibya guverinoma yose.
Abayobozi b’ibihugu byinshi muri ibyo bihugu bafashe, cyangwa vuba bazabona amahirwe yo gufata ibyemezo by’ingenzi byo gushyigikira cyangwa kudashyigikira inzira y’amatora yigenga no kumenya ihererekanyabubasha rya demokarasi.
Nubwo twashyizeho umwete wo gushishikariza abo bayobozi gusiga umurage mwiza bava ku butegetsi kandi bakemera ko hajyaho ubundi buryo bwiza bwo guhererekanya ubuyobozi, bugira uruhare rukomeye muri demokarasi iyo ari yo yose, ngomba kubamenyesha ko ibyo abayobozi bamwe bo mu karere bari baremeye aribyo gushyigikira inzira y’amatora yigenga kandi yizewe, no kubahiriza kutarenza igihe cya manda ya perezida, ntabwo babyubashye cyangwa baracyashidikanya.”
Muri ubwo buhamya Madamu Linda Thomas-Greenfield yagiye avuga ikitagenda kuri buri gihugu. By’umwihariko,ibyo yavuze ku Rwanda nibi bikurikira :
U Rwanda:
“Nkuko twabivuze ku mugaragaro, twababajwe cyane n’uko Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame yanze amahirwe yo gutanga urugero rw’amateka no gutanga urugero rwo gushyira igihugu cye ku rufatiro rukomeye rw’inzego zikomeye za demokarasi na gahunda zishobora guteza imbere bukungu n’ iterambere ry’igihugu rimaze gutera intera mumyaka makumyabiri ishize kandi rutanga urugero mu karere. Icyemezo cye cyo gushaka manda ya gatatu ku butegetsi cyaje nyuma gato ya referendumu aho Abanyarwanda bemeye guhindura itegeko nshinga ry’igihugu kugira ngo Kagame akore manda zigera kuri eshatu. Twizera ko guhererekanya ubuyobozi ari ngombwa mu kubaka demokarasi ikomeye, kandi ko imbaraga zatangijwe n’abayobozi kugira ngo bahindure amategeko kugira ngo bashobore kuguma ku butegetsi amaherezo zidateza imbere urugendo rwa demokarasi. Duhangayikishijwe cyane n’impinduka zishingiye ku itegekonshinga zishyigikira umuntu umwe ku ihame ry’inzibacyuho ya demokarasi mu mahoro, nkuko byagenze muri iki gihugu.
Twizera ko ejo hazaza h’u Rwanda hashingiye mu maboko y’abaturage b’u Rwanda, bityo rero ni ngombwa cyane ko guverinoma itezimbere inzego na gahunda ya demokarasi – harimo itangazamakuru ryuguruye kandi ryigenga; sosiyete sivile ikomeye, yigenga; na sisitemu zizashyigikira inzibacyuho y’amahoro, n’ihererekanyabubasha bwa demokarasi. Izi nzego nizo zizafasha abaturage b’u Rwanda gushushanya ejo hazaza habo muri demokarasi. Twese twabonye iterambere ry’u Rwanda mu kuzamura ubucuruzi bwarwo kugira ngo buteze imbere ubukungu burambye bw’igihugu. Igihe kirageze ngo u Rwanda rukoreshe ingufu n’ubushake mu guhindura urubuga rwa Politiki, harimo :
- Kunoza uburyo bwo kwiyandikisha no gutanga raporo kumiryango itegamiye kuri leta n’itangazamakuru kugirango bibe byoroshye kandi byihuse nkuko bigenda mu kwandikisha ikigo cy’ubucuruzi,
- Kongera imbaraga no gushimangira ubwigenge n’ububasha bya komisiyo ishinzwe itangazamakuru mu Rwanda,
- Guharanira ko amashyaka ya politiki agira umudendezo wo gutegura amahame yayo no gukorera mu mahoro, kandi
- Guhera nonaha hakajyaho impaka kumugaragaro no gusuzuma inzego zizakenerwa kugirango ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi bugende neza, burushanwe, kandi buhererekanywe mu buryo bwa demokarasi.
Bizaba ngombwa kandi ko guverinoma yemerera, ndetse igashishikariza kuvuga mu bwisanzure, mu mahoro, no kutavogerwa kw’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’amatora y’inzego z’ibanze nk’uko byagenze mu muri 2016, amatora ya Perezida muri 2017, n’amatora y’abadepite muri 2018.
Twebwe tuzakomeza kubaza guverinoma y’u Rwanda ku bijyanye no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu bimaze igihe kirekire ari ikibazo, harimo kubahiriza ingingo z’amategeko zerekeye ifungwa n’ifatwa ry’abantu bafungiye muri gereza no mu bigo byanyuramo, ndetse no kurushaho kubaza ko abapolisi n’abasirikare b’u Rwanda babazwa ibyo bakora. Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeye ryatewe na guverinoma mu zindi nzego – ibintu biteza imbere abantu, ubukungu, ubucuruzi, no kurwanya ubukene – umuntu yakwitega kubona guverinoma yifuza no kuba urugero mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu na demokarasi.
Twakwifuje kuba twaba turimo dushimira abayobozi bakuru b’u Rwanda kuri izo ngingo [aho kuvuga ibitagenda] kandi tuzakomeza guhura nabo mu rwego rwo kubashishikariza kumenya akamaro ko gutera imbere kuri iki kibazo.
Ndashaka kandi kuvuga ku ruhare rw’u Rwanda mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Kugeza ubu u Rwanda rwakira impunzi zirenga 75.000 ziva muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, bamwe muri bo bakaba bamaze imyaka igera kuri makumyabiri baba mu Rwanda. Muri uyu mwaka, Abarundi barenga 70.000 bahunze amakimbirane ya politiki mu gihugu cyabo babonye ubuhungiro mu Rwanda, haba mu mijyi ndetse no mu nkambi z’impunzi. Ubufatanye bw’u Rwanda na Komisariya nkuru y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe impunzi -bushyigikiwe ahanini n’Amerika – bwatumye impunzi zose zihabwa icumbi, imirire, uburezi, na serivisi zita ku buzima ziri mu turere twinshi mu karere. U Rwanda rwerekanye binyuze muri ibyo bikorwa ko bafite ubushake kandi batitangiriye itama inshingano zabo zo gucumbikira impunzi.
Duhangayikishijwe ariko na raporo zizewe zivuga ko kwinjiza impunzi z’Abarundi mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro – harimo n’abana – bishobora kuba byarabaye mu Rwanda mu mwaka ushize, hakaba hari amahugurwa yatanzwe kugira ngo yorohereze uruhare rw’iyo mitwe yitwaje intwaro ishaka guhirika hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’urugomo guverinoma y’Uburundi. Twagaragararije impungenge zacu kuri iki kibazo guverinoma y’u Rwanda, yasezeranyije ko izakora iperereza kuri izo raporo kandi igafata ingamba zikwiye kugira ngo ibyo bitongera.
Ubu ntabwo aricyo gihe ku baturage b’u Rwanda, u Burundi ndetse n’akarere kanini kugira ngo basubire mu bibazo by’urugomo n’amakimbirane byaherekeje umutwe ukoresha intwaro wa M23 mu burasirazuba bwa DRC mu myaka mike ishize. Nk’uko u Rwanda rufite uruhare runini mu gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro muri Afurika, ni ngombwa ko u Rwanda rugira uruhare runini mu gushyigikira umutekano w’akarere, kandi turashimira ubwitange bw’abaturage n’abikorera ku giti cyabo abayobozi b’u Rwanda mu gushyigikira igisubizo cya politiki kurusha igisubizo cya gisirikare ku kibazo cyo mu Burundi. Tuzakomeza gukurikiranira hafi iterambere muri kano karere.”
Nyuma y’imyaka ine ibi bivuzwe,
Mu bihugu byose uko ari bitanu Madamu Linda Thomas-Greenfield yavuze, Evariste Ndayishimiye yasimbuye Pierre Nkurunziza binyuze mu matora, Kabila yafatanyije na Felix Tshisekedi kwiba amatora ariko ava ku butegetsi, muri Repubulika yo muri Afurica yo Hagati Faustin-Archange Touadéra yagiye ku butegetsi binyuze mu matora. Ishyano Paul Kagame ryagwiriye u Rwanda ryibye amatora muri 2017 mu gihe yari yashyize muri gereza abategarugoli Diane Rwigara na Victoire Ingabire bashatse guhatanira mu matora yigenga umwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu. Umwanya w’umunyagitugu akaba awuhatanira na Denis Sassou Nguesso wo muri Repubulika ya Kongo, uyu musaza ufite imyaka 77 akaba amaze imyaka 36 kubutegetsi yatangaje ejobundi ku azongera kwiyamamariza indi manda mu ngirwa matora azaba muri werurwe 2021. Imana y’i Rwanda izaturinde ko Kagame yagira uburambe nkubwe ku buyobozi bw’u Rwanda, dore ko n’ubuzima bwe busigaye buvugisha benshi.
Ikindi nyuma yiyo myaka ine, FPR ikomeje kutubahiriza uburengazira bwa kiremwa muntu. Muri uyu mwaka wonyine yashimuse Rusesabagina, ufite uburenganzira buhoraho bwo kuba muri America, mu buryo butemeranyije n’amategeko mpuzamahanga. Ishyaka rya Madamu Victoire Ingabire DALFA Umurinzi ntirirandikwa, ahubwo Victoire Ingabire ahora yitaba RIB ya Kagame, abanyamakuru nka Cyuma Hassan cyangwa abaturage nka Mitsindo Viateur ndetse n’abandi barafunze; umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo we baramwishe.
Banyarwanda nk’uko mwabyiyumviye, n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amarika bwizera “ko ejo hazaza h’u Rwanda hashingiye mu maboko y’abaturage b’u Rwanda”, uruhare rusigaye ni urwanyu kuko mugomba kubiharanira. Muhaguruke muharanire ubusugire n’uburenganzira byanyu ntavogerwa bwanyu.
Constance Mutimukeye
[1] https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/021016_Thomas-Greenfield_Testimony.pdf