Inkuru twasomye ku rukuta rwa Facebook rwa Dr.Abou-Bakr Mashimango
Twizihize KWANZAA aho kwizihiza Noheli (25 Ukuboza) cyangwa «Umwaka mushya» (01 Mutarama).
Mbere na mbere twibutse ko Kwanzaa (cyangwa Kwaanza) ari umunsi mukuru uhuriweho n’Abanyafurika n’Abanyamerika, uba mu cyumweru cyo kuva ku wa 26 Ukuboza kugeza ku wa 01 Mutarama.
Kwanzaa yashinzwe mu 1966 n’impirimbanyi yo muri Amerika ariko ifite inkomoko muri Afurika yitwa Ronald Maulana Karenga wigaga muri Kaminuza ya Calfornia i Los Angeles wari wamaze kubona ubuyobozi bw’umuryango witwa “Us” mu muryango mugari w’abirabura mu gihe cyo kuzamuka cya Watts. Intego nyamukuru yawo yari ukwimakaza no kwemeza bidasubirwaho umurunga uhuza Abirabura bo muri Amerika n’abo muri Afurika.
Mu kugira ngo habeho gutandukanya umunsi mukuru wa gikirisitu wa Noheli, ushingiye ku iyobokamana kandi utunganye kuri we, n’umunsi wa Noheli ushingiye ku muco, kuri we usobanuye ibihimbano by’abanyaburayi, ugamije ubucuruzi udakwiriye na mba Abanyafurika n’Abanyamerika, yahisemo gukora ubushakashatsi bw’icyasimbura Noheli mu mwaka ukurikiyeho. Ahitamo rero gusubira mu mico nyafurika, ibanziriza buri gihe iminsi mikuru ijyanye n’ubuhinzi ndetse no mu gihe cyo kwishimira umusaruro, mu mihindagurikire y’umwaka cyane cyane ku munsi mukuru wa “Umkhosi”, wajyanaga no kwizihiza imbuto za mbere mu Bazulu bo muri Afurika y’Epfo, cyangwa umunzi mukuru wa “Tedudu” warangwaga n’ibirori by’Ibikoro mu Ba-Ewe bo muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba. Ahitamo iyi minsi mikuru mu kubihuza n’imitekerereze y’abari muri Amerika ashyiramo icyubahiro yagombaga abasokuruza, guhuriza hamwe abatuye muri ako gace, umunsi mukuru, cyangwa igisa n’ibirori bihanitse. Ni muri uwo mujyo yahisemo kwizihiza bwa mbere, mu 1966, umunsi mukuru wa Kwanzaa.
Abahisemo gukwirakwiza Kwanzaa bashingiye ku minsi mikuru ijyanye n’ubuhinzi muri Afurika bitewe n’umusaruro, inkomoko y’imirunga ihuza Abanyafurika mu bijyanye n’imibereho ishingiye kuri gakondo yabo. Kwanzaa rero isobanuye umunsi wo kwishimira, umunsi w’umuganura cyangwa umusaruro wa mbere. Uyu ni munsi wasanga muri Afurika y’Abirabura yose, mu bihugu bya Pasifika na Karayibe. N’ubwo inyito yawo ihindagurika ukanizihizwa ku matariki atandukanye, ibikorwa biba bisa, uko wizihizwa aho ari ho hose.
Dufatiye urugero ku Rwanda no mu Burundi, Umuganura ni umunsi mukuru wo kwishimira umusaruro wa mbere, bakomora ku murage w’Umwami Gihanga Ngomijana. Muri make, Umuganura ni ibihe bikomeye haba ibwami no ku rwego rw’imiryango. Uyu munsi mukuru wari ugamije kwereka Umwami na Rubanda umusaruro w’igihugu, ukomoka ku mihati no kwitanga kw’imiryango mu bikorwa byo gutsura ubukungu, cyane cyane mu buhinzi. Abaturage baturutse imihanda yose bahuriraga ku Karubanda bakereka Umwami na Rubanda umusaruro mwiza kurusha iyindi. Kenshi na kenshi uyu muhango wakurikirwaga n’ibirori by’akataraboneka biherekejwe n’ibitaramo ndangamuco by’abahanzi, bakaboneraho guhiga uko umusaruro utaha uzaba umeze. Byabaga rero ari ibirori mbonekarimwe kandi bishimishije bihuza imiryango, bakishimira imbuto z’imihati bashyize mu kwikungahaza; wabaga ari umwanya wo gusangira n’ubufatanye hagati y’abayoborwa n’abayobora. Bikababera rero isoko y’ubumwe n’ubuvandimwe bugaragaza ukwihaza mu biribwa (tutirengagije iterambere ry’ubukungu), Umuganura ureberwa mu mibereho myiza y’umuryango no mu gaciro biha mu kugira ibyo beza.
Ijambo « Kwanzaa » rikomoka mu rurimi rw’igiswahili rivuga «ibya mbere». Iva ku nshinga yo mu rurimi rwa Bantu yitwa «Anza (Kuanza) » bivuga «gutangira». Twibutse ko igiswahili kivugwa muri Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, mu kirwa cya Zanzibar no muri Comores, tutibagiwe u Rwanda n’u Burundi, Somalia, Zambia n’Afurika y’Epfo. Na none guhera muri 2004, ni rumwe mu ndimi zemewe z’Umuryango w’Afurika yunze Ubumwe. Amahitamo yaryo ntiyabaye ku bw’impanuka. Nk’ururimi rukomoka mu muryango mugari w’indimi zihera mu Majyepfo ya ya Nigeria, rukagukira muri Tchad, Soudan na Ethiopia rukarenga rukagera muri Afurika y’Epfo, iri jambo ryerekana agaciro karyo nk’ikimenyetso cy’Ubunyafurika (Pan-Africanisme). Bamwe bazanavuga ko Kwanzaa, ari ikimenyetso cya Noheli nyafurika y’Abakirisitu, cyangwa Hanouccah y’Abayahudi. Gusa siko biteye. Kwanzaa si umunsi mukuru w’idini runaka. Ahubwo mbere na mbere ni ukwizihiza umunsi mukuru ushingiye ku muco w’Abirabura. Kugira ngo twibutswe aho tuva n’aho tujya.
Kwanzaa ishingiye kuki? Kwanzaa yubakiye ku mahame remezo arindwi (7) bita mu giswahili “nguzo Saba” akurikira:
- Umoja (Ubumwe): Iri hame riduhamagarira kwiyubakamo no gukomeza ubumwe mu muryango remezo, mu muryango mugari no mu gihugu hose.
- Kujichagulia (Kwihitiramo): iri hame rirakomeye cyane; kuri twe bivuze kugira ubwende ariko cyane cyane ubutwari bwo kwisobanukirwa, kwiremera no kuvuga mu mwanya wacu, guhitamo icyiza tukanga ikibi tubikoze ku bwacu tukareka iby’abandi, n’ubwo haba hari abatabishaka, tukabikorera aho duherereye.
- Ujima (Umurimo rusange n’inshingano): Tugomba kwiyemeza kubaka no gusigasira umuryango utajegajega; kwita ku bibazo by’abavandimwe na bashiki bacu kugira ngo bidufashe kubikemura.
- Ujamaa (Ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu) : Iri ni ihame remezo rikomeye kuko tugomba kwiyubaka no kubyaza umusaruro inganda zacu, ubucuruzi bwacu no gutahiriza umugozi umwe; gukoresha imbaraga zacu mu bukungu bukomatanyije ku nyungo z’umuryango mugari wose nta n’umwe usigaye.
- Nia (Ubushake): Kugira ubwende bwo kubungabunga umurage w’abasokuru bacu no kurangiza ubutumwa bwacu mu buzima no kureba ko ubwo butumwa bwagirira akamaro umuryango mugari wose.
- Kuumba (Uguhanga udushya): Gukoresha impano bwite, ubwenge bwacu, gutekereza kwacu no guhanga udushya kugira ngo twubake ubumwe, ubwiza n’ubukire mu miryango migari yacu.
- Imani (Ukwizera): Bivuze kwigirira icyizere, tukakigirira imiryango yacu, mu basokuruza bacu no mu miryango migari yacu tutitaye ku bidutanya, tutanitaye ku nzitizi no kwemera ugutsinda kwacu, uburumbuke bwacu n’icyo turusha abandi.
Impuruza ku kwizihiza Kwanzaa bikubiye mu murongo mugari wo kutisuzuguza byatangiwe n’abatubanjirije: Chaka Zoulou, Toussaint Louverture, Joseph Ignace, La Mulâtresse Solitude, Ndete Yalla Mbodj, Emery Patrice Lumumba, Amilcar Cabral, Bénitos Sylvain, Henry Sylvestre Williams, Georges Padmore, Mohamed Ali Duse, Anna Zingha, Anténor Firmin, Malcolm X, Marcus Garvey, Rosa Park, Thomas Sankara, Nkwame Nkrumah, Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, Nelson Madiba Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sizulu, Albert John Luthuli, Steve Biko, Nandi de Zululand, Henry Mc Neal Turner, Edward Wilmot Blyden, William Dubois, Léon Gontran Damas, Langston Hughues, Dulcie September, Yaa Asantewa, Frederick Douglas (mu mbwirwaruhame ye yiswe “The meaning of the fourth July for the Negro/ Igisobanuro cy’uwa 04 Nyakanga ku Birabura”, yavuze ku wa 05 Nyakanga 1852), Makinya Sibeko-Kouate, Louis Farakhan, Mohamed Ali (Cassius Clay), Betty Shabazz (umufasha wa Malcolm X), Amiri Baraka, Richard Hatcher, Kenneth Gibson, Ruben Um Yombe, Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita Nsimba, Ahotep et Arsinoé II & III, Umwamikazi w’intambara wa Majaji mu Bwami bw’Abami bwa Kushite, Cléopâtre, Makeda (la reine de Saba), Abla Pokou, Aminatou, Seh Dong Hong-Beh…
« Nkosi Sikelei Africa » ou « Mungu ibariki Afrika » (Imana itabare Afurika) ni indirimbo yubahiriza ibihugu bya Afurika y’Epfo na Tanzania.
Tutigize nk’abatazi urunyurane rw’amoko yo muri Afurika, Karayibe na Pasifika (ACP), Kwanzaa ni umunsi mukuru uharanira kugarura umutinama mu mateka y’Abirabura, twabura inzozi za “panafricanisme” cyangwa “pan- négrisme” zihurije ku kintu kimwe zidashobora kuba ukuri. Muri make, urusobe rw’abantu batandukanye ntirushobora gushinga imizi hatabayeho kwiyibagirwa no kuzirikana ingobyi iduhetse, Afurika.
Atari ibyo, tugomba gusubira ku «isoko yacu twatakaje» kugira ngo duhure n «Undi» ariko tutiyibagiwe twebwe ubwacu. Uku «gusubira ku ivuko» wakwita mu ndimi z’amahanga «going back to our roots » gusaba ubumbuzi n’ubuvumbuzi bwisubiramo bw’amateka y’umugabane wacu nk’igicumbi cyo gusirimuka, mu ruhande rw’insigamigano n’amakabyankuru, mu mateka no mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage, kuko nk’uko Oruno-Rosny Lara abitwibutsa aho agira ati «kutamenya ibyahise ejo ni ugutsindwa bikomeye: bituma twangara uyu munsi».
Ntekereza ko tugeze aharindimuka: twatakaje uburyo bwo kubara, kugeza ku rwego tutabasha gusobanukirwa. Birahagije kureba amakuru ajyanye n’ubuzima bwa politiki tubamo ku mugabane wacu kugira ngo tubashe kwibonera gihamya. Mfite ukudashidikanya gufatika ko twataye ibyari biciye mu mucyo, binahenze: ubusabane bwacu, ubufatanye bwacu, ukwirwanirira kwacu…dushigukira imico y’amahanga.
Ntituzi na busa icyo turi cyo, aho turi n’aho twerekeza. Birakwiye, abo twaba bo twese: ababyeyi, abagabo n’abagore bashishikajwe n’ibya politiki, abanyeshuri, impirimbanyi, abarimu, abashakashatsi, urubyiruko…, ko twavanaho imipaka itagaragara ariko iriho, imipaka itari karemano idutandukanya bamwe ku bandi.
Tugomba rero, ku bw’ibyo, gushyiraho “ubumenyamana bw’abirabura”, ubumenyamana ndengamipaka bw’Abanyafurika, yitezweho kubohora Umwirabura n’abandi bafite irindi bara twavuga nk’aba mulâtres, aba métis n’abandi bari ku ngoyi z’abacakajwe mu mutwe, kuko nk’uko yabivuze neza Chaka Zoulou: «ingoyi zikakaye zo guca ni izo mu mwuka», igitekerezo cyasobanuwe neza na Marcus Garvey, mu magambo ye aho agira ati «ibohore wowe ubwawe ku bucakara bwo mu mutwe, nta numwe wabasha kutubohora mu ntekerezo». Ibi rero biganisha ku mvugo ya Daniel Derivois igira iti «kubana natwe ubwacu, kubana neza n’abandi».
Inyandiko ya Dr. Abou-Bakr Mashimango, yashyizwe mu Kinyarwanda.