Yanditswe na Mutimukeye Constance
Mu gihe Abanyarwanda batandukanye bakomeje kwibuka icuraburindi ryashoje intambara FPR-Inkotanyi yagabye ku Rwanda kuva ku wa 01 Ukwakira 1990, aho abatagira ingano bakubiswe imihoro abandi bagakubitwa udufuni, agatsiko kari ku butegetsi i Kigali gakomeje kwimakaza ikinyoma ko ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda bwarenze 94%, nyamara mu bifatika nta kintu kigaragara iyi ngoma y’igitugu yakoze.
Minisiteri y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu (MINUBUMWE) yatangaje ko igipimo cy’ubwiyunge mu Rwanda gikorwa buri myaka itanu (5), ubushakashatsi buheruka bukaba bwarakozwe muri 2020, butangazwa ku wa 23 Mata 2021. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ivuga ko ubu bushakashatsi bwari bwakorewe ku bantu 12,600 bo mu Midugudu 810 yatoranyijwe mu Turere twose tw’u Rwanda, muri gereza no mu mashuri, buvuga ko ababona ko hari abacyibona bakanarebera abandi mu ndorerwamo z’amoko ari 1.8% gusa. Iri janisha abatari bake bahise baritera utwatsi kuko hari imiryango myinshi ikiriho igishingiye ku ivangura ry’amoko, aho ishyira imbere Abatutsi, abandi bagakomeza kujuragizwa no gucundwa ay’ikoba, bakavuga ko amoko agihari.
Ubushakashatsi bwiswe “Rwanda Reconciliation Barometer ”, mu itekinika rikomeye bwari bwagaragaje ko mu 2010 ubwiyunge bwari bugeze kuri 82.3%, mu 2015 bugera kuri 92.5%, mu 2020 bugera kuri 94.6%. Abasesenguzi batandukanye bavuze ko iyi mibare idashoboka kuko ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwakomeje gutuza Abanyarwanda mu buryo buvangura amoko, aho hari imidugudu yubakwa neza igahabwa ibyangombwa byose, igatuzwamo abarokotse jenoside, abo mu yandi moko bakabareka, abo bagize ngo barapfa agasoni bakabubakira amazu y’ibyondo, agahora abagwaho uko bwije n’uko bukeye.
Biherutse kuba agahomamunwa ubwo mu Karere ka Musanze amazu yagwiriye abantu, bamwe barapfa, ariko abaturage bagiye gushyingura ababo basanga Akarere kagurishije irimbi na Rwiyemezamirimo, abaca amafaranga, barayabura, birirwa bazererana imirambo. Ibi rero birababaje cyane kubona abaturage barabujijwe gushyingura mu ngo zabo, ngo badatesha agaciro amasambu Leta yabanyaze, bagategekwa gushyingura mu marimbi none Uturere twinshi turimo aka Musanze n’aka Rwamagana twamaze kuyagurisha.
Umunyepolitiki, Madamu Ingabire Umuhoza Victoire, ukuriye DALFA-Umurinzi, ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR, yakomeje kugenda yerekana ko iyi mibare Leta ivuga ari ugukabya. N’ubwo adahakana ko hari ibyakozwe, ariko avuga ko intera y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge ikiri ntoya cyane, agatanga urugero rw’abirirwa bigisha ivangura ry’amoko ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Madamu Ingabire yabwiye BBC ati: «Imibare itangwa n’ubushakashatsi ni ugukabya. Ndatanga urugero rwa vuba rugaragaza ko ubwiyunge bwacu bukiri kure. Ubushize ubwo hamenyekanaga Idamange Yvonne Iryamugwiza, natangajwe no kubona abantu benshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bavuga ngo “mu bantu bacu ntabwo tugira usa kuriya.»
Yongeyeho ati: «Kandi urebye ababyanditse uko bangana, ndetse barimo n’abantu basanzwe bavuga rikijyana hano mu Rwanda badakorwaho, ubundi bagombaga gukurikiranwa kuko ni amacakubiri kandi hano mu Rwanda hari itegeko riyahana, ariko bakaba basa n’aho bakingiwe ikibaba n’ubutegetsi buriho; usanga bibabaje.» Uyu munyapolitiki asanga kurangiza ikibazo cy’ubwiyunge mu Rwanda bigoye ngo kuko “Abanyarwanda dukunze guhisha ibyo dufite ku mutima.”
Madamu Ingabire avuga kandi ko imibare yo hejuru igaragazwa iterwa n’uko ubajijwe “avugishije ukuri kwe ashobora kuregwa amacakubiri cyangwa ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside.” Yongeraho ko ubushakashatsi bwiza ku bwiyunge mu Rwanda budakwiye gukorwa na Leta, ahubwo bwakorwa n’abigenga. Ati: “Ntabwo Umukuru w’Umudugudu yaza kukubaza niba ufite amacakubiri ngo wemere”.
Mu kinyoma gisanzwe cya FPR cyo guhora ivuga yahagaritse jenoside, abambari bayo bakomeje kurwana no guhindagura inyito z’iyo jenoside ndetse n’imibare y’abo yahitanye, ariko bakirengagiza ko nabo bayigizeho uruhare. Ubundi bagahora bahindagura insanganyamatsiko aho muri 2023 ari “Kwibuka Twiyubaka” ariko mu 2024 ikazaba “Twibuke Twiyubaka”, nk’uko byatangajwe na Dr. Jean Damascène Bizimana, wagabiwe MINUBUMWE, akavuga ko ari byo bizatanga umusaruro Leta yiteze mu gikorwa cyo kwibuka.
Mu kongera kwivuguruza kandi Leta yafashe gahunda yo guhagarika ibiganiro byajyaga bikorwa mu cyunamo, ikavuga ko byatewe n’uko byitabirwa n’abantu bamwe. Ibi nabyo ni ukundi kwivuguruza kuko bavuga ngo ubumwe bwagezweho, barangiza ngo kwibuka byitabirwa n’abarokotse jenoside gusa, kandi ari bo babiteye, na cyane ko hari bamwe bafite uburenganzira bwo kwibuka, abandi bakaba batemerewe kwibuka ababo.
Ku rundi ruhande ikinyoma cya FPR cyo kuvuga ko mu Rwanda hishwe igice kimwe cy’abantu cyanze kwemerwa ku ruhando mpuzamahanga. Mu gitondo cyo ku wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 08/04/2023, inkuru yabyutse icaracara mu itangazamakuru ni uko u Rwanda rwinubiraga ko politiki ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yanze kwemera ko muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda hishwe Abatutsi gusa, ahubwo iki gihugu kigakomeza gusaba ko “hibukwa bose” kuko mu bapfuye harimo n’abo mu yandi moko atari Abatutsi gusa.
Mu rwego rwo kwerekana ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zamaze gukubitira ahakubuye ikinyoma cya Kagame na FPR, Umunyamabanga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Ishami ry’Afurika, Molly Phee, mu ijambo yageneye Abanyarwanda baba muri Amerika, yanze kurya iminwa. Molly Phee yagize ati: «Kuri uyu munsi, turibuka ubuzima bw’abantu bapfuye mu minsi 100, baguye mu rugomo ndengakamere, turibuka ibihumbi by’Abatutsi bapfuye, abagabo, abagore, abana bose bibasiwe n’abicanyi kubera ubwoko bwabo. Turibuka kandi Abahutu, Abatwa, n’abandi bose bishwe kubera kutavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bw’abajenosideri. Twifatanyije n’abarokotse, banyuze mu biteye ubwoba kandi turacyunamiye ababo babuze bakibakunze.»
Iri jambo ryahumurizaga Abanyarwanda benshi, baba abari mu Rwanda ndetse n’ababa mu mahanga, ariko ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwaryakiriye nabi, buvuga ko ripfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kandi ariyo ntwaro yabo. Bubinyujije muri Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Mathilde Mukantabana, yagowe cyane no kwerekana ko Molly Phee yapfobeje jenoside, akamushinja ko yibutse jenoside zirenze imwe, mu gihe yavuze ukuri kuzuye kuri ko. Uku kuri kandi agusangiye n’Abanyamerika bose.
Ambasaderi Mukantabana yagize ati: «Inshingano za mbere ni ukuvuga tudaca ku ruhande ibyabaye mu 1994 kandi tukarwanya abashaka gupfobya no gukoreka aya mateka. Tugomba kubikora ku bw’abapfuye no ku bw’abarokotse, kandi no ku nyungu z’igisekuru kizaza kitaravuka.» Gusa aya magambo yahise yamaganwa n’abakunda ukuri kuko ariwe ugoreka amateka.
Ni intambara agatsiko kari ku butegetsi karwanye kuva kagera ku butegetsi kuko katangiye kavuga ko ibyabaye mu Rwanda ari “Itsembabwoko n’Itsembatsemba”, aho kasobanuraga ko mu Itsembabwoko habaga havugwa Abatutsi, naho mu Itsembatsemba hakicwa Abahutu batavugaga rumwe na Leta ya Habyarimana. Gusa ibi ntibyashimishije bose kuko abatari bake basabaga kwibuka ababo bishwe na FPR.
Ibintu byaje guhindura isura ubwo FPR yahinduraga imvugo ikavuga ko hishwe Abatutsi gusa, ariko ibihugu byinshi birimo na Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika byanga kugwa muri uwo mutego, u Rwanda rurashimashima, biranga biba iby’ubusa. Mu 2021, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Dr. Vincent Biruta, abinyujije kuri Twitter, yiyamye abatavuga ko ari Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, n’ubwo ateruye ngo avuge amazina, ariko igitutu cye cyabaye nka bwa bukana bw’imboga butotsa imbehe, amahanga akomeza gutsinda ikinyoma.
Icyo gihe Minisitiri Biruta yavuze ko aho kugira ngo abantu barwane no gushaka izina nyakuri ryo kwita Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, byaba byiza batagize ubutumwa bohereza. Ariko se byatanze iki?
Ubwo yatangizaga icyumweru cyo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Perezida Kagame yongeye kwikoma abadashaka kwemera ukuri kwe. Yagize ati: «Ntaho wakwihisha ngo wihishe ukuri kwabaye mu mateka yacu. Yewe n’abo bafata igihe bakavuga ibyo bashatse, nibavuge, ahari hari icyo bizabafasha kugeraho ariko ukuri ni uko badashobora kugira aho bihisha, bihisha ukuri kw’ibyabayeho.»
Yakomeje agira ati: «Bamwe mu bagerageza kugoreka ibyabaye mu mateka yacu, nta soni bagira. Ariko dufite ubuzima tubaho, kandi nta muntu n’umwe uzadufatira icyemezo cy’uko tubaho ubuzima bwacu. Dufite imbaraga nyinshi tuvoma muri aya mateka, zitubwira ziti “ntimukwiriye na rimwe kwemerera uwo ari we wese kubabwiriza uko mukwiriye kubaho ubuzima bwanyu”.»
Umunyamabanga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Antony Blinken, mu butumwa bwe yavuze ko igihugu cye mu kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi cyunamiye “abandi bishwe” kubera kudashyigikira ubutegetsi bw’abajenosideri. Ibi byagaragaje ko atanyuranya n’ukuri igihugu cye kizi.
Ubwo aheruka mu ruzinduko mu Rwanda mu 2022, Antony Blinken yabajijwe impamvu igihugu kitemera inyito ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abakurira inzira ku murima, adaciye ku ruhande na gato. Yarasubije ati: «Ku bijyanye no kwemera Jenoside n’amahano yakozwe, aho duhagaze harazwi. Ndaza kugira umwanya wo gusura urwibutso mu kanya mu rwego rwo gukomeza kumva ububabare benshi banyuzemo. Tuzakomeza gukorana muri Loni hagamijwe kugera ku nyito iyo ari yo yose iboneye y’amateka ari na ko dukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ayo mateka atazigera asubira.»
Yongeyeho ko nta somo nta rimwe u Rwanda rukwiye kumuha ku mateka ya jenoside kuko iyakorewe Abayahudi nawe yayikorewe, bityo rero bakaba badakwiye kumuhatira inyito ikoreshwa n’ubutegetsi bwa Kigali, kandi ni mu gihe nta n’umwe utazi ko yagoretswe na FPR ku bushake, kugira ngo ihishe amabi yakoze.
Mu kwanzura rero twavuga ko n’ubwo, nyuma y’imyaka 29, FPR ikomeje guha intebe ikinyoma, ikirengagiza ukuri kuzwi na bose. Igihe cyo kubeshya FPR yabayemo igihe kinini yerekana ko yaje gucungura Abatutsi cyararangiye, ikigezweho ni uko buri munyarwanda yicarana n’undi, bakabona ko buri wese afite uburyo yababajwe, ku mpande zose, maze bagasabana imbabazi kugira ngo babane mu mahoro.
Turashishikariza Abanyarwanda bose kwitabira Impinduramatwara Gacanzigo kuko ari yo yonyine yavanaho imyiryane hagati y’ibice bitandukanye byiswe amoko. Yakuraho kandi urwikekwe no gukomeza kugoreka amateka, usanga ari byo FPR yashyize imbere, none bikaba bigenda biyipfubana gake gake.
Hakwiye kurwanywa na buri wese ikinyoma kigamije kubuza bamwe kwibuka ababo bagiye bakibakunze. Uko FPR irushaho guhatiriza mu kinyoma cyayo, niko amahanga yose agenda arushaho kukivumbura; uko gikomeza kujya ahagaragara rero ni nako ihirima rya FPR rigenda rirushaho kwegereza. Igihe ni iki rero ngo Abanyarwanda bose batekereze ku Rwanda rwa nyuma y’igitugu n’akarengane bazaniwe na FPR.
Mutimukeye Constance