Yanditswe na Umuringa Kamikazi Josiane
Ibihugu byinshi ku Isi bibayeho birebanaho, bimwe bigafatira urugero ku byakataje mu majyambere, ibikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere bigahora bikopera ibyo bigenzi byabyo byagezeho ugasanga urugero rwiza rwakwiriye hose. Gusa ikibabaje ni uko usanga Leta ya FPR ihora ishaka gusimbuka ikiyita Singapour y’Afurika mu gihe ikiri rutaza no mu bihugu 40 bya mbere muri Afurika mu bukungu, ahubwo ugasanga rwirirwa rurata ibidahari rugashingira gusa ku mibare y’imihambano yavuye mu itekinika rimaze gufata intera ndende.
Ku rundi ruhande usanga Perezida Kagame nta kindi ahugiyemo uretse gusinya amasezerano y’ubuhendabana agamije gucuza imitungo ibihugu by’amahanga biba byaragezeho byiyushye akuya. Buracya ukumva ngo u Rwanda rwasiye amasezerano na Djibuti, bwacya ukumva hatahiwe Bénin na Guinée Conakry, bwacya ukumva ngo amasezerano hagati y’u Rwanda na Zimbabwe, ubundi ngo ni Angola, Zambia, Mozambique, Centrafrique n’ibindi byinshi. Gusa ikibazwa ni impamvu ntacyo u Rwanda rwigira ku migenzo myiza ibi bihugu biba bifite, ahubwo ugasanga abategetsi bashishikajwe no gusahura ibya rubanda no kuzuza amakonti mu mahanga.
Urugero rwiza u Rwanda rwari rukwiye kwiga mu buryo bwihuse ni icyemezo gikomeye cyafashwe na Perezida wa Zimbabwe, Emerson Mnangagwa kubera ubucucike bukabije bwagaragaraga muri iki gihugu. Uyu muperezida yahaye imbabazi 1/5 cy’imfungwa zose zari muri gereza nyuma yo kubisabwa n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga uharanira uburenganzira bwa Muntu, Amnesty International, wamugaragarije ko ubucucike mu magereza buteye inkeke, umusaba kugira icyo abukoraho.
Urwego rushinzwe amagereza muri Zimbabwe rwavuze ko harekuwe abakabakaba ibihumbi bitanu bari barahamijwe ibyaha byoroheje birimo ubujura buciye icyuho, gukubita no gukomeretsa byoroheje. Imibare yatangwaga na Amnesty International yerekana ko muri Zimbabwe ubucucike bwari bugeze ku 135%, iki cyemezo cya Perezida Mnangagwa kikaba kizagabanya ubucukike kugeza ku kigero cya 108%.
Aha rero niho abasesenguzi bahera bibaza impamvu ubutegetsi bwa Kagame budafungura abafugiye hamwe n’abafungiye ibyaha bito nko kwiba ibitoki ubundi byakabaye bikemukira mu muryango mugari, ariko ibi agatsiko kari ku butegetsi i Kigali ntikabikozwa ku buryo impuzandengo y’ubucucike igeze ku 174% kandi ikomeje kuzamuka, ndetse hakaba hari amagereza amwe yamaze kurenza ubucucike bwa 300%.
Nyamara aho kwigana ibyemezo bifitiye akamaro rubanda, Leta ya FPR yirirwa mu itekinika aho imibare mishya y’Ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda igaragaza ko abantu basaga ibihumbi 790 bangana na 17.2% by’Abanyarwanda badafite akazi, aho bagabanutse bavuye kuri 24.3 ku ijana mu Ugushyingo 2022.
Iyo mibare yatekinitswe muri Gashyantare 2023 yerekana ko n’ubwo ubushomeri bwagabanutseho 7.1%, iyo ugereranyije na Gashyantare 2022, bwazamutseho 0.7% kuko icyo gihe bwari kuri 16.5%. Ku rundi ruhande, iri tekinika ryerekana ko ubushomeri buri hejuru mu bagore (19.2%) ugereranyije n’abagabo (15.5%), bukaba hejuru mu rubyiruko rufite imyaka hagati ya 16 na 30 kuko buri kuri 20.4%, ugereranyije n’abarengeje iyo myaka (15.1%.) Iyi mibare yamuritswe muri iki cyumweru dusoza yerekana ko Abanyarwanda bafite imyaka yo gukora, ni ukuvuga hejuru ya 16, ari miliyoni 7.9, barimo miliyoni 4.5 bari ku isoko ry’umurimo ubaze abafite akazi n’abashomeri, bangana na 57.6% by’Abanyarwanda, mu gihe abatari ku isoko ry’umurimo bari miliyoni 3.3, bahwanye na 42.4 %. Muri aba bantu bari ku isoko ry’umurimo, harimo miliyoni 3.8 bafite akazi bahwanye na 47.7 % by’abaturage bose, naho ibihumbi 792 bangana na 17.2% nta kazi bafite.
Ikindi iyi mibare igaragarizaho ko ari iyatekinitswe ni uko NISR itangaza ko urwego rw’ubuhinzi ruza imbere mu gutanga imirimo myinshi ku bagera kuri 46.2%, urwego rw’inganda rugatanga imirimo kuri 14.6%, mu gihe urwego rwa serivisi rufite 39.1%. Ibi rero ntaho bihuriye n’ukuri kuko uru rwego rwakomeje kugenda rugabanyirizwa ingengo y’imari, bikaba byarateye ibura ry’ibiribwa, byanatumye habaho itumbagira ry’ibiciro ku masoko, aho ibiribwa bimwe byacitse ku isoko, ibindi bigahingwa ariko bikungura amakoperative akorera FPR, abaturage bagahora barira batabaza, ari amajwi yabo ntarenge umutaru kuko nyine biba byarapanzwe kera.
Igiteye agahinda kurushaho ni uko n’abitwa ngo bafite akazi bakigaragara mu bujura, bikababaza kurushaho iyo ibifi binini binyereje amamiliyari bigakingirwa ikibaba, ariko abo hasi bakwiba, n’ubwo nabyo atari ibyo gushimwa, ugasanga byaremerejwe cyane, ndetse bagahanwa by’indengakamere, nyamara FPR ikibagirwa ko umwera uturutse ibukuru bucya wakwiriye hose. Ibyo FPR yabibye ntihwema guhora ibisarura birimo n’ubujura yigisha.
Dufashe ingero nkeya, mu Karere ka Rubavu, abayobozi babiri (2) baravugwaho gusaba amafaranga abagizweho ingaruka n’ibiza. Kuri uyu wa Kane, tariki ya 18/05/2023, RIB yataye muri yombi Umuyobozi wungirije w’Akagari ka Kabirizi, n’Umukuru w’Umudugudu wa Nyamyiri, mu Murenge wa Rugerero, Akarere ka Rubavu, bakekwaho kwaka amafaranga abagizweho ingaruka n’ibiza.
Abatawe muri yombi ni Uwiringiyimana Alice, w’imyaka 28 y’amavuko, akaba ari SEDO (Social and Economic Development Officer) w’Akagari ka Kibirizi hamwe na Habumugisha Cyprien, w’imyaka 33 y’amavuko, akaba ari Umukuru w’Umudugudu wa Nyamyiri. Aba bombi bakaba bakurikiranyweho ibyaha birimo kwaka amafaranga abaturage bagizweho ingaruka n’ibiza kugira ngo, bashyirwe kuri lisiti y’abahabwa imfashamyo y’amafaranga, arimo guhabwa bene abo bantu.
Ikindi izi ngirwabayobozi zikurikiranyweho ni ugushyira kuri lisiti abataragizweho ingaruka n’ibiza, “babanje kubaha amafaranga”. Abakekwaho icyaha bombi bafungiye kuri Sitasiyo ya RIB ya Gisenyi mu gihe dosiye yabo iri gukorwa ngo ishyikirizwe Ubushinjacyaha.
Si muri Rubavu gusa havugwa ubujura gusa kuko no muri Karongi, Niyomugabo Zephania, umukozi w’urwego rwa DASSO ndetse na Kajyambere Boniface, umushoferi utwara imodoka y’Akarere, kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 16/05/2023, batawe muri yombi na RIB, bakurikiranyweho kunyereza imyambaro igenewe abagizweho ingaruka n’ibiza bo mu Karere ka Karongi, bari kuri site ya ADEPR Nyamishaba. Abafashwe bafungiye kuri Sitasiyo ya RIB ya Rubengera, mu gihe dosiye yabo iri gukorwa ngo ishyikirizwe Ubushinjacyaha.
Mu Karere ka Rutsiro naho aba DASSO babiri, umushoferi utwara imodoka y’Akarere ka Rutsiro n’abandi bakozi babiri b’Akarere batawe muri yombi na RIB bakurikiranyweho kwiba imfashanyo yagenewe imiryango yibasiwe n’ibiza. Mayor wa Rutsiro, Murekatete Triphose yatangaje ko aba bantu batawe uri yombi ku wa 14/05/2023, nyuma yo kumenya amakuru ko bibye imfashanyo y’imyenda n’inkweto byari bigenewe imiryango yibasiwe n’ibiza, bakaba bafungiye kuri Sitasiyo ya RIB ya Gihango.
Mayor Murekatete avuga ko abatawe muri yombi ari DASSO Ndungutse Jean Pierre w’imyaka 32 wafatanywe imyenda irimo amapantalo 6, ikanzu imwe, ishati imwe, imipira 10, amakoti 2 n’amajaketi 2 y’amatiriningi, byose byafatiwe iwe. Undi ni DASSO Muhawenimana Claudine w’imyaka 21, wafatanywe amapantalo 5, amakanzu 5, imipira 14 n’amashati 9, byakaba barabimufatanye mu icumbi rye.
Undi wafashwe ni Muhire Eliazari w’imyaka 41, akaba ari uushoferi utwara imodoka y’Akarere, wafatanywe amapantalo 2 y’amatiriningi, ishati imwe, umuguru umwe w’inkweto z’abana n’imipira 2 y’amatiriningi, byafatiwe mu modoka yatwaraga ifite puraki GR 306 E (imodoka ya Leta).
Mayor Murekatete avuga ko mu bafunzwe harimo Mujawamariya Nathalie w’imyaka 36, ushinzwe ibihingwa ngengabukungu (Cash crops) mu Karere na Uwamahoro Eugénie, w’imyaka 36, ushinzwe amakoperative mu Karere, bombi bakaba bakurikiranyweho kugira uruhare mu kunyereza iyi mfashanyo.
Mu Karere ka Nyanza, abakozi babiri bo mu rwunge rw’amashuri rwa Rwesero aribo Karekezi Florentine, ushinzwe umutungo (Comptable) na Mutesi Claudine, umuyobozi w’ishuri wungirije ushinzwe amasomo (Préfet des études) barakekwaho kwiba ibiryo by’abanyeshuri babijyana mu ngo zabo.
Ni impamvu yatumye Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyanza, Ntazinda Erasme yiyemeza gusaba ibisobanuro Préfet des études na Comptable bo mu rwunge rw’amashuri rwa Rwesero n’amabaruwa abiri yashyizweho umukono n’abahagaririye ababyeyi barerera muri ririya shuri. Aba babyeyi bandikiye Akarere ko “Ubwo abanyeshuri batari bize haje abanyonzi babiri bari kumwe n’umutetsi witwa Mugorewase Christine, akaba anashinzwe ububiko (Stock) afungura iyo “Stock” akuramo imifuka ine y’umuceri, n’ijerekani ebyiri z’amavuta abihereza abo banyonzi, ababwira ko umwe ajya ku mucangamutungo, undi akajya ku muyobozi w’ishuri wungirije ushinzwe amasomo, maze uwo mutetsi na we atwara ibintu mu mufuka bitabashije kumenyekana. Umuzamu w’ishuri icyarimwe n’umubyeyi uturiye ishuri barabikurikiranye babona ibyo biryo bigenda.”
Abahagarariye ababyeyi basoza bagira bati “Ababyeyi barerera kuri ririya shuri bamaze kubimenya, ndetse bakaba bavuga ko iki kibazo kidakemuwe mu maguru mashya, batakongera gutanga umusanzu w’ifunguro bityo igikorwa cyakozwe kikaba kiri kugira uruhare mu kwangisha ababyeyi gahunda y’abanyeshuri yo gufatira ifunguro ku ishuri.” Aba bombi bashinjwa barabihakanye bahanishwa kawandikirwa amabaruwa asaba ibisobanuro, barayasubiza akazi gakomeza nk’aho nta cyabaye, ababyeyi barimyira basiga inkingi.
Amategeko ateganya iki?
Itegeko No 54/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 ryerekeye kurwanya ruswa riteganya mu ngingo yaryo ya 4 kane ko “Umuntu wese usaba, utanga cyangwa wakira, mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, indonke iyo ari yo yose, kuri we cyangwa ku wundi muntu cyangwa wemera amasezerano yabyo kugira ngo akore cyangwa adakora ikiri mu nshingano ze cyangwa yifashishije imirimo ye kugira ngo gikorwe cyangwa kidakorwa aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) ariko kitarenze imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda yikubye inshuro kuva kuri eshatu (3) kugeza kuri eshanu (5) z’agaciro k’indonke yatse cyangwa yakiriye. Iyo byakozwe kugira ngo hakorwe ikinyuranyije n’amategeko, igihano kiba igifungo kirenze imyaka irindwi (7) ariko kitarenze imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda yikubye inshuro kuva kuri eshatu (3) kugeza kuri eshanu (5) z’agaciro k’indonke yatse cyangwa yakiriye”.
Ingingo ya 10 y’iri tegeko iteganya ko “Umuntu wese, yaba umukozi wa Leta cyangwa undi ukora umurimo wa Leta cyangwa ukora mu nzego zayo, umuyobozi cyangwa umukozi mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi cyangwa isosiyete y’ubucuruzi cyangwa koperative cyangwa ukorera undi muntu, umuryango ushingiye ku idini cyangwa undi muryango uwo ari wo wose, ukoresha mu nyungu ze cyangwa iz’undi, umutungo, amafaranga cyangwa inyandiko z’agaciro, yahawe cyangwa yashyikirijwe kubera imirimo akora cyangwa ukoresha mu nyungu ze abakozi ashinzwe ku bw’umurimo aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka irindwi (7) ariko kitarenze imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda yikubye inshuro kuva kuri eshatu (3) kugeza kuri eshanu (5) z’agaciro k’umutungo yanyereje.”
Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 174 iteganya ko “Umuntu wese wihesha umutungo w’undi, imari ye yose cyangwa igice cyayo mu buryo bw’uburiganya yiyitiriye izina ritari ryo cyangwa umurimo adafitiye ububasha cyangwa akizeza icyiza cyangwa agatinyisha ko hari ikibi kizaba, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka ibiri (2) ariko kitarenze imyaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW). Iyo icyo cyaha gikozwe n’umuntu kugira ngo atange impapuro z’inyemezamigabane, z’inyemezamyenda, inyandiko zigereranywa n’amafaranga, imigabane cyangwa indi nyandiko yose ifite agaciro k’ifaranga ari ibya sosiyete y’ubucuruzi, iby’ikigo gicuruza cyangwa iby’uruganda, igihano kiba igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itatu (3) ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni zirindwi (7.000.000 FRW).”
Mu gusoza iyi nkuru ibabaje rero twasaba ko aya mategeko adakurikizwa ku bato gusa, ahubwo agatera intambwe agakurikirana n’ibifi binini biba byasahuye amamiliyari, ariko ntibikurikiranwe kuko byibira FPR.
Umuringa Kamikazi Josiane