Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Umuryango uharanira Uburenganzira bwa Muntu ku Isi, Human Right Watch (HRW) wongeye gukora icyegeranyo kigaragaza ko mu Rwanda abantu badafite uburenganzira bwo gutangaza ibitekerezo uko babyumva cyangwa se kwisanzura mu myumvire no mu byo bavuga. Ibi ni ibyaragajwe mu cyegeranyo gishya cy’uyu muryango cyasohotse ku itariki ya 16 werurwe 2022. Iki cyegeranyo kije gikurikira ifungwa ry’ubutitsa ry’abanyamakuru, abanyepolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Kigali n’izindi mpirimbanyi z’uburenganzira bwa Muntu no kwishyira ukizana zagiye zitanga ibitekerezo binyuranye, cyane cyane binyuze mu nzira z’itangazamakuru rikorerwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zirimo na YouTube.
Muri uyu mwaka ushize wa 2021, byabaye akarusho kuko hafunzwe benshi. Iki cyegeranyo kikaba kivuga byinshi, kikanasaba u Rwanda gukosora iyi migiririre irimo kuniga ibitekerezo n’ihutazwa ry’uburenganzira bwo kwishyira ukizana mu gutanga ibitekerezo. Ese muri iki cyegeranyo cya Human Right Watch harimo iki ?
Iki cyegeranyo kerekana ko abantu babarirwa muri mirongo batotejwe, batewe ubwoba cyangwa bakaburirwa irengero kubera ibitekerezo byabo. Kigaruka kandi ku mubare w’abafunzwe nta kindi bazira uretse kuvuga uko bumva bintu, kabone n’aho baba batabyumva kimwe na Leta iriho mu Rwanda. Iri shyirahamwe rigamije kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu ryasanze kandi ko hakwiye kurekurwa abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu nta yandi mananiza. Ngo hagomba kandi kurekurwa abanyamakuru n’abatavuga rumwe na Leta.
Iri shyirahamwe ryashingiye ku mwaka ushize, rifatira ku byo ryita kurenganywa, cyangwa agatotezo mu Kirundi, bimaze imyaka bigenda bifata intera ihambaye, dore kwica abaturage FPR yabigize intego.
Abanyarwanda bazi neza ko mu mwaka w’1994, amagambo agamije kubiba urwango no guteza akaga abandi yakoreshejwe ku maradiyo, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubiba urwango no gukongeza jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda. Nyuma y’imyaka hafi 28, HRW yavuze ko iburizamo ry’uburenganzira bwo kuvuga ryamaze kurenga urugero ku buryo bitagishoboye kwihanganirwa. Amananiza ashyirwa ku bitangazamakuru, abakorera ku mbuga nkoranyambaga na YouTube mu Rwanda arenze uburyo bwumvikana.
Icyo cyegeranyo kiratanga urugero rw’umunyakuru ukorera ku rubuga rwa YouTube ufite abamukurikira barenga miliyoni 15, uregwa ko yasebeje abategetsi, amaze gushyira ku rubuga rwe amashusho agaragaza uko abasirikare bahohoteye abantu batuye mu tujagari.
N’ubwo uwo muryango wemera ko Leta y’u Rwanda ifite ibyo yakosoye, ariko utewe impungenge n’amagambo ashobora gutera umwiryane mu banyagihugu. Uyu muryango uvuga kandi ko icyo ubona mu Rwanda ari uguca ibiganiro mpaka, kubuza abandi gutanga ibitekerezo no kunenga gahunda za Leta.
Mu gihe Leta y’u Rwanda irimo kwitegura kwakira umuryango w’Ubwami bw’Ubwongereza ndetse n’intumwa zirenga 10,000 mu nama y’ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Commonwealth, mu kwezi kwa 6 uyu mwaka, abateguye iki cyegeranyo bafite icyizere cy’uko Abanyarwanda batazatereranwa, ko ahubwo intumwa z’ibihugu zikwiye kwibaza niba ibibera mu Rwanda bihuye n’amahame uwo muryango ugenderaho.
Mu butumwa yacishije ku rubaga rwa Twitter, Umuvugizi wa Leta, Yolande Makolo, yavuze ko ubutabera bw’icyo gihuhu bukorera ahagaragara kandi ntawe burenganya kandi bukora bwisunze amategeko ariho. Akomeza avuga ko abantu bose bangana imbere y’amategeko, ariko ibivugwa bitandukanye n’ibikorwa. Aha rero niho abasesenguzi bahera bibaza impamvu Leta ya Kigali ihora irwana no guhakana ibiyivugwaho. Ese ni ukwigiza nkana cyangwa ni ukubura ayo bacira n’ayo bamira kuko ibikorwa byabo byagiye hanze?
Yolande Makolo yagize ati: “The sustained harassment of Rwanda by Human Right Watch (@HRW) does nothing more than entrench negative stereotypes about justice and human right in Africa”. Ugenekenekereje mu Kinyarwanda, iki kiburaburyo kiragira kiti: “Guhozwa ku nkeke k’u Rwanda n’Umuryango HRW nta kindi bimaze uretse gusiga isura mbi ubutabera n’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Afurika”.
Ikibazwa rero: “Ese uyu ni umuvugizi wa Leta y’abicanyi cyangwa ni uw’Afurika?” Kuki se HRW inenga u Rwanda umuvugizi Makolo agasubiza ku rwego rw’Afurika? Asigaye avugira Afurika se tubimenye? Ni iyihe mpamvu mu by’ukuri ibimutera? Ni ubuswa se cyangwa ni ukutamenya inshingano ze? Biragayitse gusa!
Mu butumwa bwa kabiri, Yolande Makolo yaranditse ngo : “The judicial system in Rwanda operates fairly and transparently in compliance with Rwanda’s laws, as well as our regional and international obligations. Everyone is equal before the law and no one is prosecuted for having political opinions”. Hano yarataga ibigwi bya shebuja avuga agira ati: “Ubucamanza bwo mu Rwanda bukora neza kandi mu mucyo hakurikijwe amategeko y’u Rwanda, ayo mu karere n’ibisabwa mpuzamahanga. Abantu bose barareshya imbere y’amategeko kandi nta n’umwe ujyanwa mu nkiko azira ibitekerezo bya politiki”. Ubu se uretse kwigiza nkana iki kirumirahabiri kiyobewe ko mu Rwanda abantu batareshya imbere y’amategeko? Bakabaye bareshya Tom Ndahiro yakwirirwa akoronga cyangwa Tito Rutaremara akirirwa yigisha amacakubiri bakamera nk’abatabibonye ariko Madamu Idamange, Dr Christopher kayumba, Théoneste Nsengimana, Aimable Karasira, Rashid, Cyuma Hassan, n’abandi bavuga akarengane k’Abanyarwanda bati “nimufungwe ubutazavamo”. Birababaje.
Uyu muryango HRW ufite icyicaro i New York muri Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ushinja abacamanza b’u Rwanda kwibasira abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu Rwanda, abanyamakuru n’abatanga ibitekerezo byabo bazira ibyo baba batangaje. N’ubwo u Rwanda rubihakana ariko ibimenyetso birivugira.
Uyu muryango uvuga ko hagati y’umwaka wa 2020 na 2021 wakurikiranye imanza ubutabera bw’u Rwanda bwaburanishijemo abatavuga rumwe nabwo ibirego bishingiye kuri politiki no kutagira umuco wo kwihanganira ababona ibintu mu buryo butandukanye nabwo. Uretse kugenzura imanza zaciwe, harebwe n’inyandiko zashingiweho izi manza zicibwa hagamijwe kugenzura ibihamya abacamanza bashingiyeho batanga ibihano kubo bahamije ibyaha.
Uyu muryango HRW uvuga ko mu bushakashatsi bwawo babajije abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bagera kuri 11 ndetse n’abashyira ibiganiro ku muyoboro wa YouTube. Bwana Regis uyobora HRW mu Karere k’Afurika yo hagati ati: “Inzego z’ubutabera z’u Rwanda, kubera kutagira ubwigenge bwo guhaguruka ngo zirengere uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga, zagiye zicira abantu imanza abandi zirabafunga zibarenganya, bazira gusa uburenganzira bemerewe bwo kuvuga icyo batekereza nta nkomyi”. Uyu kandi asanga aba bose bararenganyijwe bahita barekurwa nta kindi kibanje gusabwa kandi n’amategeko yashingiweho hacibwa izo manza agasubirwamo agahuzwa n’amahame mpuzamahanga agenga uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo.
Uwo muryango uvuga ko mu gihe habura imyaka itageze kuri ibiri ngo hatangire ibikorwa byo kwiyamamaza mu matora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu, Leta y’u Rwanda ikwiye gukora ibishoboka byose igahagarika ibikorwa bihungabanya abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, abanyamakuru n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi. Ibyo ngo bigakorwa Leta itanga uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, nka kimwe mu by’ibanze bituma amatora aba mu mwuka w’ubwisanzure no mu mucyo. Mu manza z’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, HRW igarukaho muri iyi raporo yayo harimo urw’abarwanashyaka ba DALFA-Umurinzi, ishyaka ritaremerwa mu Rwanda.
Uyu muryango uvuga ko, kuva mu kwezi kwa 10/2021, abanyamuryango b’iryo shyaka bagera ku munani bamaze gutabwa muri yombi no gushinjwa ibyaha birimo gukwirakwiza ibihuha no kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi. HRW ivuga ko ibi byaha bifitanye isano n’igitabo basomye mu mahugurwa bitabiriye mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, kigishaga ingamba zo kugaragaza ibitekerezo bitavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu buryo bw’amahoro.
Mu banyamakuru bagarukwaho muri iyi raporo higanjemo abatambukirizaga ibiganiro byabo ku muyoboro wa YouTube. Abo Umuryango HRW uvuga ko harimo abazira kutaba mu Rwego rw’Abanyamakuru Bigenzura (RMC), abazira gutangaza inkuru Leta idahagazeho ku ngingo runaka cyangwa abakoze inkuru zirebana n’abarigishijwe n’ubutegetsi.
By’umwihariko imanza z’abanyamakuru barimo Niyonsenga Dieudonné uzwi nka Cyuma Hassan na Théoneste Nsengimana, HRW ivuga ko yazisesenguye igasanga uretse no kuri aba banyamakuru ubwabo, uyu muryango ngo wasanze zinaburizamo burundu uburenganzira abanyamakuru bemererwa n’amategeko, ari nako zigabanya cyane ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru n’ubwo gutanga ibitekerezo binyuze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.
Cyuma Hassan washinze Ishema TV yatambutsaga ibiganiro kuri YouTube ubu afungiye muri Gereza Nkuru ya Nyarugenge iri i Mageragere, nyuma yo guhamywa ibyaha byo kwiyitirira umwuga w’itangazamakuru no kubangamira inzego za Leta mu kazi. Urubanza rugeze mu bujurire. Umuryango HRW uvuga ko kuri ubu Ishema TV itakiboneka ku muyoboro wa YouTube, bikaba bidasobanutse neza niba yaravanyweho ku bwende.
Umunyamakuru Théoneste Nsengimana washinze umuyoboro wa YouTube Umubavu TV nawe HRW ivuga ko nyuma yo gutabwa muri yombi yitegura gutambutsa umuhango w’umunsi witiriwe Madamu Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza uzwi nka “Ingabire Day”, mu kwezi kwa 10/2021, agashinjwa gukwiza ibihuha. Ibi biza n’ibishaka gutanga ubutumwa ku bandi banyamakuru ko nta n’umwe ushobora gutangaza ibitajyanye n’umurongo wa Leta.
Ku ngingo zijyanye n’imfu zidasobanutse cyangwa irigiswa ry’abantu n’imanza z’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, Umuryango HRW uvuga ko, kuva mu 1994, kuvuga ku byaha byakozwe n’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi mu Rwanda rya FPR Inkotanyi cyangwa se no kwibuka Abahutu baba barishwe mu gihe cya Jenoside, bibonwa nko kurenga umurongo utukura, bikaba byabangamira ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda cyangwa se n’umutekano w’igihugu cyose.
Umwe mu bakoresha umuyoboro wa YouTube yabwiye abashakashatsi ba HRW ko mu gihe hari ugaragaje ibitagenda mu gihugu ajyanwa mu bucamanza akitwa uhakana Jenoside. Ati: “Bafata akajambo kamwe mu byo wavuze hanyuma bakakuremera ibyaha”. Yongeyeho ati: “ikibazo ni ukuvuga ukuri. Iyo uvuze ibyo badashaka bakugendaho”. Ni nako byagendekeye abanyamuryango ba DALFA Umurinzi.
Raporo ya HRW igaruka kandi ku ifungwa rya Aimable Karasira nawe wamenyekanye ku muyoboro we wa YouTube yise UKURI MBONA na Yvonne Idamange nawe wamenyekanye mu biganiro yacishaga ku muyoboro wa YouTube. Abo nabo bakaba bari mu nkiko, baburanishwa ku byaha bishingiye ku biganiro batambukije mu bihe bitandukanye. HRW ivuga ko, ku itariki ya 3/3/2022, yandikiye ibaruwa Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, Dr. Ugirashebuja Emmanuel, ngo agire icyo avuga ku cyo Leta ikora kuri izi nzitizi zigamije gukumira abatanga ibitekerezo byabo, ariko ntacyo Leta y’u Rwanda irasubiza mu buryo busanzwe. Tugasanga rero ntacyo Leta y’u Rwanda yashingiraho ihakana ibyo iregwa kuko itabikora yihishe. Ibikorwa birivugira.
Remezo Rodriguez