Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Ubwo inama yahuje abakuru b’ibihugu bigize Afurika yunze Ubumwe yatangiraga ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 17 Gashyantare 2023, byari byitezwe ko hazaganirwa ku kibazo cy’umutekano mucye uri mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo, ahanini uhungabanywa na M23 ifashijwe n’u Rwanda. Amahirwe yasekeye u Rwanda rwumvise ko akanama ka AU gashinzwe amahoro n’umutekano kasabye imitwe irwanira muri RD Congo guhagarika imirwano, ariko nta mwanzuro wigeze ufatira ibihano u Rwanda, kuko rutahwemye kuregwa na RD Congo.
Aho kugira ngo AU ifatire ibihano u Rwanda ahubwo yagumishijeho ibihano yafatiye Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea na Sudani, byo guhagarika ibi bihugu mu bikorwa by’uyu muryango, nyuma ya coups d’état zagiye ziba muri ibi bihugu mu bihe bitandukanye. Usanga rero ibi bihano byishimiwe n’ibihugu by’ibihanganye birimo u Bufaransa, kuko bubona neza ko inyungu zabwo muri Afurika y’i Burengerazuba zibangamiwe bikomeye. Umuyobozi w’Akanama gashinzwe amahoro n’umutekano muri AU, Bankole Adeoye, nyuma y’inama yahamije ko nta kwihangana na guke kuzabaho ku ihindurwa ry’ubutegetsi rinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga. Yakomeje avuga ko AU yiteguye gufasha biriya bihugu bine gusubira ku murongo uteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga. Umuryango w’Ubukungu uhuza ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika (ECOWAS), na wo ku wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 18/02/2023, wagumishijeho ibihano byo guhagarika Mali, Burkina Faso na Guinea, no kubuza abayobozi muri guverinoma n’ababihagarariye gukora ingendo muri uyu muryango. Ibi bihugu uko ari bitatu, ku wa 10 Gashyantare 2023, byari byasabye ECOWAS na AU kubikuriraho ibihano.
Mu gihe rero AU isa nk’iyirengagije ikibazo cya RD Congo, ikaba itarafatiye ibihano u Rwanda, RD Congo yo ntiyicaye ubusa kuko Umugaba Mukuru wungirije w’Ingabo zayo, Gen. Maj. Chiko Tshitambwe, yatangaje ko igisirikare cya FARDC kimaze iminsi mu bikorwa byo gushaka ubufasha bwo guhangana n’u Rwanda ndetse ko cyitabaje ibihugu byo muri SADC. Gen. Tshitambwe aherutse kugirira uruzinduko mu bihugu bitandukanye bibarizwa mu Majyepfo y’Afurika, aho ingingo yari imbere yari ukuganira ku kibazo cy’umutekano n’ubufasha bushobora guhabwa Ingabo za FARDC. Uyu musirikare mukuru, asanzwe ashinzwe ibikorwa mu Gisirikare cya Congo. Mu ntangiriro z’iki cyumweru nibwo yasubiye i Kinshasa nyuma yo kuyobora itsinda rigari ry’abayobozi mu by’ingabo mu rugendo hanze y’igihugu. Gen. Tshitambwe yabwiye itangazamakuru ko muri iki gihe, RD Congo ishyize imbere ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare n’ibindi bihugu kubera urugamba irimo, yo yita ko ihanganyemo n’u Rwanda. Ni cyo cyaganiriweho aho yagiye hose mu bihugu bigize SADC. Gen. Tshitambwe yavuze ko Umugaba w’Ikirenga w’Ingabo za FARDC, Perezida Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi, yakoze ibishoboka byose igisirikare cye kigakurirwaho ibihano cyari cyarafatiwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, ubu igikurikiyeho ari uguhamya ubufatanye n’abandi. Ati: «Ubu turi gushyira imbaraga mu gushimangira umubano wacu ku rwego rw’akarere binyuze muri SADC ndetse n’ubufatanye hamwe n’ibindi bihugu […] Ni yo mpamvu nagiye gushaka abafatanyabikorwa, twagiranye ibiganiro byiza bizatanga umusaruro guhera ubu. ». Gen. Tshitambwe yavuze ko ibihugu byo muri SADC byafashije RDC mu bihe byashize, cyane mu myaka ya 1999 na 2000 ubwo u Rwanda rwavogeraga ubusigire bw’igihugu cye. Ati: «Dufite urwibutso rwiza cyane ku bafatanyabikorwa bacu bo muri SADC kandi twizeye ko hari intambwe nziza izaterwa ku bijyanye n’umutekano. »
Uyu musirikare mukuru na we kimwe n’abandi Banyekongo bose bazi neza ko u Rwanda rwabashojeho intambara rwihishe inyuma y’umutwe wa M23. Yavuze ko ibikorwa byo kurwanya uyu mutwe byatangiye mu gihe n’ubundi igihugu cyari gihanganye n’indi mitwe irimo ADF gusa ko uru rugamba bazarutsinda. Ati : «Intambara iduhanganishije n’u Rwanda tuzayitsinda. Ibice byose byigaruriwe tuzabigaruza nta mishyikirano […] hashize hafi imyaka 25 abaturage bacu bo mu Burasirazuba bahura n’ibibazo, ubwicanyi bwakorewe i Makobola kugeza i Kishishe, byose birazwi. Bitinde bitebuke, ababigizemo uruhare bose bazabiryozwa.»
Ibi bikorwa byo gushaka gushora intambara k’u Rwanda si bishya kuri Congo kuko no muri Gicurasi 2022 abasirikare bakuru ba FARDC bari bemeranyije na Perezida Tshisekedi ko bagomba gufata agace kamwe k’u Rwanda mu gihe rwari kuba ruri mu myiteguro yo kwakira inama ya CHOGM. Uwo mugambi watumye mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo hongerwa ingabo za FARDC zigera ku bihumbi 16.
Umuvugizi wungirije wa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, Alain Mukurarinda, yatangaje ko bishoboka ko Congo yaba igifite ibitekerezo byo gushoza intambara k’u Rwanda. Ati : «Icyo gitekerezo cyari gihari ni nayo mpamvu wenda imirwano ikomeza, wenda icyo cyizere kiracyahari.» Ibi rero bigaragaza ko u Rwanda ruhorana ubwoba ko umutekano muke ruteza muri RD Congo, ushobora kurugarukira bidatinze.
Gen. Maj. Chiko Tshitambwe yatangaje ko yizeye ubufasha bw’ibihugu byo muri SADC mu rugamba igihugu cye kirimo, kandi igituma yizera ubu bufasha ni uko azi neza ko ingabo zikomoka mu bihugu bya SADC zatabaye RD Congo mu myaka yashize, igihe na none u Rwanda rwari rwababujije amahoro.
Andi makuru yizewe avuga ko mu rwego rwo kugira ngo RD Congo ibashe guhangana n’ibitero igabwaho na M23/RDF, igisirikare cya FARDC kigiye kugura drones zigera ku icyenda (9). Ikinyamakuru Africa Intelligence cyahishuye aya makuru , kivuga ko ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa bwamaze kwemeza igurwa rya drones icyenda mu Bushinwa zo mu bwoko bwa CH-4 Rainbow , ndetse ko mu minsi mike iri imbere zizaba zamaze kugera ku rugamba mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC mu rwego rwo guhagarika umuvuduko wa M23/RDF. Iki kinyamakuru, gikomeza kivuga ko ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa bwasanze gutsinda M23/RDF bisaba izindi mbaraga, ndetse ko bwamaze kwemeranya n’u Bushinwa ku igurwa ry’izi drones. Africa Intelligence ikomeza ivuga ko imijyi ya Goma na Bukavu ariyo izifashiswa nk’ibirindiro bikuru by’izi drones , bitewe n’uko ariyo yegeranye n’u Rwanda rutera inkunga M23 ndetse ko ariho uyu mutwe utera uturuka. Izi drones zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ubutasi no kugaba ibitero ku mwanzi zikoresheje za missiles. RD Congo irateganya kuzana Abashinwa bagomba gutoza abazakoresha izi drones ndetse ko iki gihugu cyamaze kwishyura icyiciro cya mbere cy’Amadorali y’Amerika avuye kuri Banki nkuru ya RD Congo ajya kuri comptes za Equity Bank. Mu gihe FARDC yabasha kubona izi drones, zaba ziyongeye ku zindi ndege z’intambara zo mu bwoko bwa Sukhoi 25, iheruka gukura mu Burusiya mu mpera z’umwaka ushize mu rwego rwo guhangana na M23/RDF.
RD Congo ikomejeje gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu kurwanya M23/RDF ndetse amakuru aturuka i Kinshasa, akavuga ko Perezida Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi yamaze kurahira avuga ko azakoresha ubushobozi bwose igihugu cye gifite kugirango abashe gutsinda uyu mutwe ufashwa n’u Rwanda.
Mu kwanzura rero twavuga ko n’ubwo u Rwanda rwasimbutse ibihano byasabirwaga na RD Congo muri AU, rutazabasha kurokoka ibitero rushobora kugabwaho, kandi icyizere cy’uko ibihugu bya SADC bishobora kongera kwivanga mu ntambara ibera mu Burasirazuba bwa RD Congo nk’uko byagenze mu myaka yashize. Nta kabuza rero u Rwanda rwaba rutangiye kwishyura amabi rukorera mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi, ikibabaje ni uko ingaruka nyinshi zakomeza kwirunda ku baturage b’inzirakarengane, badafite aho bahuriye n’iyi myiryane.
Ahirwe Karoli