Yanditswe na Nyaminani David
Muri iyi minsi ibihugu bikikije u Rwanda bimaze iminsi byumvikana mu bikorwa byo gutsura umubano hagati yabyo, mu rwego rwo kunoza ubutwererane n’ubuhahirane. Humvikanye kandi imishinga igiye ihuriweho n’ibihugu bitandukanye, bibiri bibiri hagati yabyo, ariko ukibaza aho u Rwanda ruhugiye hakakuyobera.
Hagaragara abaperezida b’ibihugu bikikije u Rwanda bakorera ingendo mu bihugu bitandukanye, bagasinya amasezerano y’ubufatanye ariko u Rwanda rugasa n’aho kuzamura ubukungu binyuze mu bubanyi n’amahanga bitarureba ahubwo ukarwumva mu nkuru mbi gusa z’abafungiwe ubusa, ababuriwe irengero, abishwe bikavugwa ko biyahuye n’ibindi bitaruha agaciro mu ruhando mpuzamahanga.
Ese gufunga imipaka bimariye iki Abanyarwanda muri rusange? Ese kwitwaza ingamba zo kurwanya COVID-19 Abanyarwanda bagafungirwa mu ngo, ntacyo kubatunga ubahaye nicyo kizatuma bagira imibereho myiza? Leta se idahangayikishijwe n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage bayo yaba imaze iki?
1. IMIBANIRE HAGATI Y’U BURUNDI NA DRC ?
U Burundi na DRC bibanye neza cyane, ndetse umubano wabyo wakomeje gukaza umurego kuva muri 2019, ubwo hasinywaga amasezerano yo kubaka umuhanda wa Gari ya Moshi (Srandard Gauge Railway-SGR) uzahuza ibyo bihugu byombi ndetse ugakomeza ukagera na Tanzania, mu rwego rwo kunoza ubuhahirane hagati yabyo.
Ku wa kabiri, tariki ya 13/07/2021, Perezida w’u Burundi yakiriwe, ku kibuga cy’indege cya Ndjili i Kinshasa, na Minisitiri w’Intebe Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde. Nyuma yakirwa na mugenzi Felix Antoine Tshisekedi, baganira ku bibahuza mu rwego rw’umutekano n’ubukungu.
Aba bayobozi bari bitezweho gusinya amasezerano yo kubaka umuhanda wa Gari ya Moshi uhuza umurwa mukuru w’u Burundi, Gitega, n’umujyi wa Kindu uherereye mu burasirazuba bwo hagati bwa DRC. Uyu mushinga wa Gari ya Moshi wari waraganiriwe na none hagati ya Perezida Tshisekedi na Nyakwigendera Pierre Nkurunziza akiri Perezida mu 2019, atabaruka utaratangira.
Bari bitezweho kandi gukemura burundu ikibazo cy’abarwanyi babarizwa mu burasirazuba bwa Congo bagahungabanya umutekano w’ibihugu byombi dore ko hari hashize ibyumweru bibiri gusa undi muyobozi ukomeye yakiriye Minisitire w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Burundi, Albert Shingiro, mu mujyi wa Goma/DRC.
Uyu mubano rero uragaragaza ko mu gihe Kagame na FPR ye bashishikajwe no gusahura amabuye y’agaciro mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, abandi bakuru b’ibihugu byombi, u Burundi na DRC, bashishikajwe no gushakira amahoro aka karere, ariko ntibirangirire aho hakanozwa n’ubuhahirane hagati y’abaturage babyo.
2. IMIBANIRE HAGATI Y’U BURUNDI NA TANZANIYA
Ku i Tariki ya 16/07/2021, Samia Suluhu, umukuru wi igihugu cya Tanzaniya yazindukiye mu U Burundi . Imibanire myiza hagati y’u Burundi na Tanzaniya si iya vuba ahubwo imaze imyaka myinshi, ikaba yarashimangiwe ku gushyira umukono ku masezerano hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Nyuma yo kwakirwa ku kibuga cy’indege cyitiriwe Merchior Ndadaye na Visi-Perezida wa kabiri w’u Burundi, Bwana Prosper Bazombanza, Perezida wa Tanzaniya, Samia Suluhu Hassan yahise ajya kubonana na mugenzi we Evariste Ndayishimiye, maze bashyira umukono ku masezerano akubiye mu ngingo 8 zikurikira:
1) Gusangira ijambo mu bijyanye n’ibya politiki hamwe n’imigenderanire; 2) Ibijyanye no gucukura amabuye y’agaciro; 3) Ibijyanye n’amasooko atanga amashyanyarazi; 4) Kwigisha igiswahili mu Burundi n’igifaransa muri Tanzaniya; 5) Ibijyanye n’urwego rw’ubuzima; 6) Ibijyanye no guhererekanya imfungwa; 7) Ibijyanye n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi; 8) Ibirebana n’uburobyi bw’amafi.
Ba Perezida Mama Samia Suluhu na Evariste Ndayishimiye basabye ko ibihano byose u Burundi bwafatiwe, mu mwaka wa 2015, byavanwaho. Nyuma yo kuganira ku mibanire y’u Burundi na Tanzaniya, aba bakuru b’ibihugu basohoreye hamwe itangazo ryavugaga Mama Suluhu Hassan ashimishwa n’intambwe mugenzi we w’u Burundi Evariste Ndayishimiye yagezeho mu gutsimbataza amahoro n’umutekano.
Yongeyeho kandi ko Bwana Ndayishimiye akora ibishoboka byose ngo azahure ubukungu, akomeze ubumwe bw’abanyagihugu ndetse na demokarasi. Agasobanura ko Tanzaniya itigeze ireka gufata mu mugongo Abarundi kuva mu makimbirane yabaranze guhera mu 1972. Yibukije kandi uruhare rwa Tanzaniya mu masezerano y’amahoro yabere Arusha, mu 2000, agamije kugarukana amahoro hagati y’Abarundi.
Bitandukanye n’abo basimbuye, aba baperezida bombi baragaragaza ko bashishikajwe n’iterambere ry’aka
karere, mu gihe Kagame na FPR ye bahugiye mu bindi turi buze kureba nyuma.
3. IMIBANIRE HAGATI Y’U BURUNDI NA UGANDA
Inkuru dukesha ikinyamakuru cyo muri Uganda cyitwa The Monitor, ifite umutwe ugira uti «Uganda, Burundi to build road to bypass Rwanda». Iyi nkuru yasohotse muri iki kinyamakuru, ku wa kane, tariki ya 20/05/2021, yagaragazaga ko mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’u Rwanda rufunga imipaka iruhuza n’ibi bihugu byombi, hagiye kubakwa umuhanda mushya uzava muri Uganda, ukanyura mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya ugahuza n’umupaka wa Kobero mu Burundi.
Iki gitekerezo cyazanywe na Uganda kuko u Rwanda, kuva mu 2019, rwari rwafunze imipaka ya Uganda, ndetse rukayishinja guhohotera abaturage bayo bajya gushakira amahaho, nyamara bikagaragara ko Abanyarwanda aribo babihomberamo kuko ntaho ruhurira n’inyanja.
Uyu muhanda rero uzaba ufite amashami abiri: Umuhanda wa 360 Km uturuka Kitagate muri Isingiro ukagera i Karagwe n’undi uturuka Myotera-Mutukura ukagera i Karagwe. Iyi mihanda yombi ihurira i Karagwe muri Tanzaniya izakora umuhanda umwe, ufite 274 Km, uhure n’uturuka i Ngara, mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bwa Tanzaniya ukomeze werekeza ku mupaka wa Kobero uhuza u Burundi na Tanzaniya.
Uyu muhanda rero uhuza Uganda n’u Burundi uzaba ufite amasaha hagati y’ane (4) n’atandatu n’igice (6.5), ugereranyije n’amasaha arindwi n’igice (7.5) atandukanya Gatuna na Bujumbura, uciye mu Rwanda, kuri 348 Km, ku buryo nta wuzongera gutekereza guca mu Rwanda avuye Uganda ajya i Burundi cyangwa avuye i Burundi ajya Uganda, n’ubwo bwose kuva ku mupaka wa Kobero kugera i Bujumbura, hari amasaha ane (4) y’inyongera.
Kuko Uganda yahoraga ishinja u Rwanda kohereza intasi mu gihugu cya Uganda, byatumye Perezida Museveni ashinga Adonia Ayebare, wari uhagarariye Uganda mu Muryango w’Abibumbye i New York, gukemura iki kibazo vuba, ariko u Rwanda rwakomeje kuzana amacenga yo gutinza iki kibazo cy’ifungwa ry’imipaka.
Uyu muhanda rero wo gukemura ikibazo cyo guhuza Uganda n’u Burundi udaciye mu Rwanda, cyaganiriweho mu nama yahuje ba Perezida Yoweri Museveni na Evariste Ndayishimiye, ku wa 13 na 14/05/2021, nyuma y’umunsi umwe gusa hatangijwe iyubakwa ry’uyu muhanda, ku wa 12/05/2021.
Si uyu muhanda gusa kandi uzubakwa kuko Perezida Museveni yatangarije iki kinyamakuru ko hagiye kubakwa indi mihanda muri RDC, ndetse hagashyirwa ingufu mu ndege zihuza Uganda n’u Burundi, ku ku buryo nta wuzongera gukenera guca mu Rwanda. Ese mu gihe abandi bahugiye mu mishinga y’iterambere, Kagame we ahugiye mu biki? Ubuse azongera guhera he avuga ko afite ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya Uganda n’u Burundi.
Ku bijyanye n’ubuhahirane hagati y’u Burundi na Uganda, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Uganda, Sam Kuteesa, yavuze ko ibyo Uganda yohereza mu Burundi byiganjemo ubutare n’ibikoresho by’ibyuma, ibigori, itabi n’imboga byazamutse cyane muri uyu mwaka ushize, biva kuri miliyoni $40 bigera kuri miliyoni $59.
Kagame azakomeza gushinja Uganda gufasha abatavuga rumwe nawe mu gihe Museveni we atabyitayeho, yibereye mu mishinga ifitiye akamaro abaturage be ? Ikigaragara ni uko ibiganiro byari byatangijwe na Perezida wa Angola, João Lourenço n’uwa DRC, Felix Tshisekedi, mu 2019 na 2020, ntacyo byatanze kuko Kagame yakomeje gushyiraho amananiza menshi.
1. IMIBANIRE HAGATI YA DRC NA UGANDA, twabigarutseho mu nkuru ifite umutwe ugira uti : AK’U RWANDA KASHOBOTSE, UGANDA NA RDC – CONGO MU BUHAHIRANE BUSHYA BUDAKORESHEJE IMIHANDA Y’U RWANDA.
2. IMIBANIRE HAGATI YA TANZANIYA NA DRC
Inkuru dukesha urubuga rwa Ambassade ya Tanzaniya muri DRC, yasohotse ku wa 04/12/2019, yavugaga
ko Tanzaniya, u Burundi na DR Congo bigiye guhuzwa n’umuhanda wa Gari ya Moshi (SGR). Muri rusange imibanire ya Tanzaniya na DRC isanzwe ari myiza cyane kuko yanafashije mu guca intege imwe mu mitwaro yatezaga umutekano muke mu burasirazuba bwa Congo irimo na M23 n’indi yafashwaga n’u Rwanda.
Nyuma yo gusinya amasezerano yo kubaka uyu muhanda wa Gari ya Moshi, Minisitiri w’Imirimo ya Leta muri Tanzaniya, Isack Kamwelwe yatangaje ko ibice bya Tanzaniya bidakora ku nyanja bigihe guhuzwa n’u Burundi na DRC, kugira ngo ibi bice bihuzwe n’icyambu cya Dar-Es-Salaam kiri ku nyanja y’Abahinde, ufatiye ku cyambu cy’igasozi cya Isaka muri Tanzaniya.Ku wa 27/11/2019, uwahoze ari Perezida wa Tanzaniya, John Pombe Magufuri, yavuze ko uyu mushinga utangira u Rwanda narwo rwarimo, ariko batangajwe n’uko Kagame yaje kwikuramo. Akongeraho ati “ubanza adakunda abaturage b’igihugu cye”. Ese mu by’ukuri ntacyo ino “SGR” imariye u Rwanda? Kutabona ko gukura ibicuruzwa ku cyambu cya Isaka, hakoreshejwe Gari ya Moshi byaba ari inyungu ku Rwanda ni ukujijwa!
3. IMIBANIRE HAGATI YA UGANDA NA TANZANIYA
Umubano hagati ya Uganda na Tanzaniya ni uwa kera cyane, n’ubwo wagiye uzanwamo agatotsi k’intambara zaterwaga n’abaperezida ba Uganda, nka Idi Amin na Milton Obote, babaga bameze nk’abasazi. Gusa ku ncuro ebyiri zose havutse Ishyirahamwe rihuje ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC), Uganda na Tanzaniya byabaga biri ku isonga, hakiyongerago na Kenya.
Muri iyi minsi rero, uretse umuhanda uzahuza Uganda n’u Burundi uzaca muri Tanzaniya, hari indi mishinga myinshi ihuza ibi bihugu byombi, mu rwego rwo guhahirana kurushaho, hagamijwe kongera ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’ababituye. Muri iyo mishinga harimo n’uwo gucukura ibitoro (peteroli n’ibiyikomokaho).
Mu nkuru dukesha BBC News, Gahuza, yanditswe ku wa 11/04/2021, ifite umutwe ugira uti «Uganda na Tanzania bumvikanye amasezerano yo gucukura ibitoro». Dusangamo ko Perezida wa Tanzaniya Samia Suluhu Hassan na Perezida wa Uganda Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, bahuriye i Kampala, ku itariki ya 11/04/2021, maze bashyira umukono ku masezerano atatu y’ingenzi agamije guteza imbere urwego rwa Uganda rw’ubucukuzi bw’ibitoro na gaz, mu ruzinduko rwa mbere mu mahanga rwa Perezida wa Tanzaniya wakiriwe na mugenzi we Uganda.
Aya masezerano hagati ya Leta zombi n’amasezerano na kompanyi zifitemo imigabane ndetse n’ajyanye n’ubwikorezi n’imisoro, ni intambwe yerekeza ku gutangira kubaka umuyoboro wo muri Afurika y’uburasirazuba unyuramo peteroli idatunganyije. Uganda na Tanzania byagiranye amasezerano yo kubaka umuyoboro urengaho gato 1440 Km wo kuvoma ibitoro bya Uganda mu kibaya cya Albertine Basin mu burengerazuba bwa Uganda, ubijyana ku cyambu cya Tanga cyo muri Tanzania kiri ku nyanja y’Abahinde.
Mu mwaka wa 2025 ni bwo Uganda iteganya kuvoma ibitoro bya mbere, byo ku tugunguru bigereranywa ko tugera kuri miliyari 1.4 tw’ibitoro ifite. Uyu muyoboro w’ibitoro w’agaciro ka miliyari 3.5 z’amadolari y’Amerika nurangira uzaba ari wo wa mbere muremure ku isi unyuramo ibitoro bishyushye. Ibi bihugu byombi byizeye ko uyu muyoboro uzazana inyungu mu mibereho myiza no mu bukungu ndetse n’inyungu ku karere, ugatanga akazi ku bantu bigereranywa ko bagera ku 10,000 mu gihe uzaba urimo kubakwa no mu gihe uzaba watangiye gukora.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Uganda, Sam Kuteesa, yatangaje ko iyi peteroli izacukurwa ahantu habiri: Kingfisher Field ikorerwamo na “China National Offshore Oil Corporation Ltd” y’Abashinwa, ndetse na Tilenga Field, ikorerwamo na “Total S.A” y’Abafaransa. Kuteesa akomeza avuga ko uyu mushinga uzagirira akamaro, ku ikubitiro Tanzaniya na Uganda, ariko ko uzakagira na Afurika y’Iburasizuba muri rusange, ndetse n’Afurika yose, bituma awishimira cyane.
Birababaje cyane rero kuba mu gihe ibindi bihugu birimo gutekereza ku mishinga yo kuzamura ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, hakanitabwaho kandi kubungabunga ibidukikije, hagabanywa imyuka nka CO2 na CH4 ihumanya ikirere, Kagame na FPR batabyitayeho, ahubwo barimo gushyira ingufu nyinshi mu guhiga bukware abayinenga. Ese babona ko Abanyarwanda ari impumyi ku buryo batareba ibikorerwa mu bindi bihugu? Ese gushimuta, kwica no gufunga rumwe abo mutavuga rumwe bimariye iki abaturage?
4. U RWANDA RUHUGIYE MU BIKI?
Muri make, nta handi bahugiye uretse mu gusahura uburasirazuba bwa Congo, kwivanga mu ntambara zidafitiye u Rwanda akamaro, gucuruza abimukira bafatirwa muri Lybia no kubuza uburyo abatavuga rumwe nabo. Dutangiriye
4.1. Gusahura uburasirazuba bwa Congo
Raporo zinyuranye z’Impuguke z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zakomeje kujya zigaragaza ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zitigeze ziva mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, kandi nta kindi zihamara uretse kwiyambika imyambaro y’ingabo za FARDC, maze zigasahura amabuye y’agaciro muri ako gace.
Nta kuntu wasobanura ukuntu u Rwanda rwabaye urwa mbere mu kohereza Coltan nyinshi ku isoko, muri 2019, atari ayo basahura muri Congo. Iyi mibare yiyongeraho andi mabuye y’agaciro yoherezwa mu mahanga nka Zahabu, Cassiterite na Wolfram kandi ibirombe byose byo mu Rwanda, bitarimo gukora, n’ibikora rwihishwa bikaba bitabona umusaruro ungana n’uwo u Rwanda rwohereza mu mahanga muri myaka 2 ishize.
4.2. Kwivanga mu ntambara zidafitiye u Rwanda akamaro
Nyuma yo kumenyera ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zifasha kandi zikanatoza imitwe nka Mai-Mai na RED TABARA irwanira muri Congo, ikaba inashinjwa ubwicanyi bukorerwa Abanyamulenge, u Rwanda rwakomeje kurushaho gukaza umurego mu kohereza ingabo zijya kurwana muri Centrafrique, none vuba aha ngaha zanoherejwe kurwana muri Mozambique, nyamara muri rusange, ntacyo izi ntambara zimariye u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda.
Ikindi gitangaje ni ukuntu u Rwanda rwoheje ingabo zarwo ziciye inuma umuryango wa SADC, u Rwanda rutabamo. Ibi byagarutsweho na Minisitiri w’Ingabo w’Afurika y’Epfo, Madamu Nosiviwe Mapisa-Ngakula, aho yumvikanye, ku wa 10/07/2021, anenga bikomeye ingabo z’u Rwanda, akavuga ko zitagombaga kugera mu ntara ya Cabo Delgado, mbere y’uko ingabo z’ibihugu byo mu karere zihagera.
Ubu bugambanyi bwa FPR Inkotanyi burababaje cyane kuko ingabo za FPR zigiyeyo nka abacanshuro, zigiye guharanira inyungu zu Ubufaransa ku ubusabe bwu Ubufaransa. Binavugwa kandi ko izo ngabo zizatozwa ni ingabo zizoherezwa na Union Europeenne, ku isonga ingabo za Abafaransa. Sibwo ingabo zishinjwa kugira uruhare muri Jenoside zigiye gotoza izavuga ko zayihagaritse!
4.3. Gucuruza abimukira bafatirwa muri Lybia
U Rwanda rwakomeje kwigaragaza mu kurwanira kwakira abimukira bafatirwa muri Lybia bashaka kujya mu Burayi. Inkuru dukesha The East African ifite umutwe ugira uti «Rwanda receives 133 more asylum seekers from Libya», yasohotse ku wa gatanu, tariki ya 16/07/2021, yavugaga ko mu bantu 4,000 bafatiwe muri Libya, abarenga 1,000 aribo bemerewe kuhakurwa na UNHCR, ariko bikaba bikigoranye cyane.
Leta ya Kigali yatangaje ko “icyiciro cya 6 cy’abimukira bafatiwe muri Libya, bangana na 133 bagejejwe mu Rwanda, bapimwa Covid-19, bakaba bagitegereje ibisubizo. Nibiboneka bazajyanwa ahasanzwe harakiriwe abanda mu nkambi y’agateganyo ya Gashora mu Bugesera”.
Nyuma y’iyi nkambi ya Bugesera iri i Gashora hubatswe ikindi gice kizafasha kwakira abimukira benshi. Muri iyi nkambi isanzwe hamaze kugezwamo abimukira 515, barimo abana 8 bahavukiye, bakandikwa n’u Rwanda.
Ibihugu nka France, Norway, Sweden, Canada, Belgium byamaze gufata abimukira bamwe, ariko UNHCR ikomeje gusaba amahanga gufata n’abandi. Elise Laura Villechalane, ushinzwe itangazamakuru muri UNHCR, abajijwe niba byashoboka ko batuzwa mu Rwanda, yavuze ko aba bimukira batabikozwa, ahubwo bifuza ko ibindi bihugu byo mu Burayi byabakira. Aha rero bamaze gusobanukirwa umugambi u Rwanda rubafiteho.
Aba bimukira rero ni imari ikomeye kuri Leta ya Kigali kuko ibakuramo akayabo ihabwa n’imiryango
mpuzamahanga cyane cyane EU, bityo kubarekura bikaba bisa nk’inzozi n’ubwo babizi ko bacuruzwa.
4.4. Kubuza uburyo abatavuga rumwe na Leta ya Kigali
Uwakora urutonde rw’abanenga Leta ya Kigali bamaze kuburirwa irengero, kwicwa cyangwa gufungirwa ubusa, rwaba rurerure cyane. Amahanga arabibona ariko ntacyo akora, ukibaza amaherezo bikakuyobera.
Mu gusoza iyi nkuru twavuga ko aha ari hamwe mu ho FPR na Kagame bahugiye mu gihe ibindi bihugu birimo kwiyubaka no gutsura umubano hagati yabyo, mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’ababituye. Aha rero niho twibaza tuti «ese ko bucya bukira amaherezo azaba ayahe? »
UKO BYAGENDA KOSE, FPR KOMEZA UHUGIRE MU BIDAFITIYE ABANYARWANDA AKAMARO, ARIKO NI HA HANDI, NTA WUZAGUKUMBURA!!!!
Nyaminani David
Intara y’Uburengerazuba