Yanditswe na Remezo Rodriguez
Mu minsi mike ishize igihingwa gitanga « Chia Seeds » cyavugishije benshi, gihinduka inzira y’ubujura buhagarikiwe na Let aya FPR, bamwe barafungwa, ibikomerezwa birimo umuminisitiri n’umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo cya Leta batakaza imirimo, barirukanwa, kugeza ubwo abasirikare n’abapolisi bakuru bashyize inshingano zabo ku ruhande birara mu kurya imitungo abaturage babonye biyushye akuya, birangira bityo.
Ese iki gihingwa cyinjiye mu Rwanda ari igitangaza, byagenze bite ngo nyuma y’akanya nk’ako guhumbya iki gihingwa gihite kibyara uruhuri rw’ibibazo ? Ese inyungu z’amafaranga zarenze gute inshingano n’ubumuntu, kugeza ubwo bamwe bashatse kwica abandi ? Kuki buri gihe FPR izana imishinga ya baringa yitwikiriye ikintu cyagakijije abaturage bakabihomberamo ? Ese iyo umuturage yibwe ibye Leta ibyihishe inyuma si iyo iba imushyize ku musonga ikamubeshya ko imushyize ku isonga ? Amaherezo azaba ayahe mu by’ukuri ?
- Amateka ya « Chia Seeds » ku isi
« Chia Seed » ikomoka ku kimera cyo mu butayu kitwa “Salvia hispanica” mu mvugo y’abahanga, mu muryango mugari w’ibimera bita “Lamiaceae”. Ni igihingwa gikomoka muri Amerika yo hagati, mu gihugu cya Mexique. Iki gihingwa cyavumbuwe kera cyane n’abantu bo mu bwoko bw’Abamaya, aho cyabatungaga mu gihe cy’amage, urugamba rwabaye isibaniro, iyo rero bahungiraga mu mashyamba cyarabarengeraga cyane. Iki gihingwa kigira ikindi bijya gusa, biba no mu muryango umwe, cyitwa “Salvia columbariae” (Golden chia) nacyo kiribwa kandi byombi bikagira umumaro ukomeye cyane mu mirire ya muntu. Imbuto za “Chia” zose ni nto cyane ku buryo zishobora kugira umurambararo wa milimetero ebyiri ( 2 mm). Izi mbuto zibyimba cyane iyo zishyizwe mu mazi, ku buryo zishobora kubika amazi aremereye kuzirusha inshuro 12.
Amateka ya « Chia Seeds » yatangiye gukura mu myaka ya za 1980 ubwo izi mbuto zari zitangiye gukorwaho ubushakashatsi, hakavumburwa ko zikize ku kinyabutabire cya Omega-3 fat, na Omega-6 fatbifite akamaro ntagereranywa mu mubiri w’umuntu. Kuva icyo gihe cyatangiye kuvanwa mu ishyamba, kigahingwa n’abantu, nyuma biza kumenyekana ko izi mbuto zikungahaye ku bindi binyabutabire. Kubera ubuto bwa « Chia Seeds » mu kilo kimwe (1Kg) cy’izi mbuto, hashobora kubonekamo imbuto zigera kuri hafi miliyoni 7.3; bivuze ko kuzihinga bitagombera ubwinshi kuko 250 g yazo yatera Hegitari (1 Ha) yose. Mu kinyejana cya 21 nibwo imbuto za “Chia” zatangiye guhingwano gucuruzwa bihereye muri Mexique no muri Guatemala, gikwira vuba vuba muri Bolivia, Argentine, Equateur, Nicaragua no muri Australia.
Bitewe n’uburyo izi mbuto zahinzwe, umusaruro wazo ushobora kuva ku bilo 400 ukagera ku bilo 1,250 kuri hegitari imwe (400-1,250 Kg/Ha), kandi kubera akamaro kazo zirahenda kurusha ibihingwa byinshi.
- « Chia Seed » ikize ku binyabutabire bifite agaciro gakomeye mu mirire y’umuntu
Amakuru dukesha urubuga rwa USDA FoodData Central avuga ko « Chia Seed » ikize ku binyabutabire byinshi bifite uruhare rukomeye mu mirire ya muntu ndetse no kurinda indwara umubiri w’umuntu. Muri ibi binyabutabire twavuga nk’ibitera ingufu (energy) bingana na 486 kcal cyangwa 2,030 kJ, ibinyamasukari (carbohydrates) bingana na 42.1 g, ibinyabutabire bifasha mu igogora (dietary diet) bingana na 34.4 g, ibitera imbaraga (fat) bingana na 30.7 g, ibyubaka umubiri (proteins) bingana na 16.5 g, Vitamins z’ubwoko butandukanye zirimo Vitamin A (7%), Thiamine B1 (54%), Riboflavin B2 (14%), Niacin B3 (59%), Folate B9 (12%), Vitamin C (2%) na Vitamin E (3%). « Chia Seed » ikize kandi ku myunyu-ngugu nka Calcium (63%), Iron (59%), Magnesium (94%), Manganese (130%), Phosphorus (123%), Potassium (9%) na Zinc (48%) ndetse n’amazi (5.8g).
Ibi binyabutabire rero nibyo byagize « Chia Seeds » igitangaza ku isi kuko zishobora kuribwa ari mbisi cyangwa ziteguranye n’andi mafunguro kuko zishobora kunyobwa nk’icyayi, zigatekwa mu biryo cyangwa zigateguranwa n’umugati bituma isi yose ihaguruka irashikora cyane cyane mu Burayi no muri Aziya. By’umwihariko mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ntibari bazi kurya « Chia Seeds » mbere ya tariki 15/05/1997, nk’uko tubikesha Komite y’Ubujyanama ku Biribwa Bishya n’Uburyo bitegurwa (The Advisory Committee of Novel Foods and Processes). Iyi komite itanga inama ko « Chia Seeds » zigomba kuba ari 5% mu bigize umugati byose. Amagarama 15 ku munsi arahagije ku Munyaburayi, ariko iyo ari amavuta y’izi mbuto ayunguruye 2 g ku munsi ziba zihagije, na cyane ko nta ngaruka mbi zigira iyo zivanze n’imiti.
- Uko « Chia Seeds » yageze mu Rwanda
Muri Rwanda Day yo mu 2017, Perezida Kagame yasabye Abanyarwanda baba ku mugabane w’u Burayi kuza mu mu gihugu bagashora imari yabo, babumva vuba ariko bashaka aho bashora imari yabo bakahabura, cyane cyane ko bari bafite amateka y’abashoramari bashoye ayabo mu Rwanda, FPR ikabahombya. Nyuma yo gukomeza kubareshyareshya baje kwibumbira muri Sosiyete yitwa «Akens and Kernels Ltd», maze baza kwandikisha ubuhinzi bushya bwa « Chia Seeds » muri RDB, ariko baba babaye nk’abandikishije ikintu kitagira amategeko n’amabwiriza akigenga, ahubwo bagenderaga kuri business plan yari yanditse nabi. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho 2018 na 2019, «Akens and Kernels Ltd» yahawe ubutaka hirya no hino mu gihugu harimo Rulindo, Kayonza, Gisagara, Ngoma n’ahandi batangira kwigisha abaturage uko bazahinga, uko bazagurirwa umusaruro n’uko bazunguka. Umuturage yagombaga kugura 1 Kg cya « Chia Seeds » cyo gutera ku 90,000 FRW ushaka guhinga kuri hegitari imwe (1 Ha), akabwirwa ko azeza 1,000 Kg bya « Chia Seeds » kandi 1 Kg yaguraga 3,000 FRW, kandi agasarura nyuma y’amezi atatu. Abaturage rero bahise babyitabira kuko nta kindi gihingwa wari guhinga icyo gihe, ngo ushore 90,000 FRW wunguke 3,000,000 FRW mu mezi atatu gusa. Ubwabyo ibi byari bipfuye kuko umuturage ushaka guhinga kuri 1 Ha adasabwa 1 Kg cyose cy’imbuto, kuko 250 g zari zihagije, bityo agashora 22,500 FRW. Kugeza umushinga wari werekanye ko wizwe nabi kuko batangaga 1 Kg cy’imbuto, bakibwira ko zizatera kuri 1 Ha, hakeraho 1,000 Kg, «Akens and Kernels Ltd» itungurwa no kubona imbuto yatanze yera 4,000 Kg, umusaruro ubura icyo wishyurwa, abaturage batangira kurira ayo kwarika.
Ikindi kibabaje ni uko Dr. Mukeshimana Gerardine wayoboraga MINAGRI yatinze gusohora amabwiriza agenga ubuhinzi bwa « Chia Seeds », kuko yayasinye ku wa 29 Kamena 2022, byamaze guturika, amabwiriza ayatangirana ikinyoma cy’uko « Chia Seeds » zinjiye mu Rwanda muri 2015, kandi abizi neza ko zahinzwe bwa mbere muri 2018. Ese niyo biba mu 2015, Dr. Mukeshimana yari gusobanurira iki Abanyarwanda cyatumye ategereza imyaka 7 ngo yanditse amabwiriza ari pages eshanu (5) gusa? Tuvuge se ko buri page yayandika umwaka n’igice? Kuba yarahishiriye ubu bujura se sibyo batumye yirukanwa?
- Uko « Chia Seeds » yahindutse ikibazo mu Rwanda
Mu mizo ya mbere abaturage bitabiriye guhinga « Chia Seeds » ku bwinshi, ndetse babona n’amafaranga, kuko «Akens and Kernels Ltd» yabishyuraga 3,000 FRW/Kg, maze batangira kuyiririmba koko. Dufashe nk’urugero mu nkuru yanditswe n’umuzindaro wa FPR, Igihe.com, yo ku wa 26/06/2021, yahawe umutwe ugira uti: «Chia, igihingwa gishya kiri gutanga ifaranga rishyushye i Ngoma» yavugaga ko abaturage bo mu Karere ka Ngoma bari gukirigita ifaranga bakesha igihingwa cya « Chia Seeds », batangiye kugerageza muri 2020, kikaba cyarahingwaga n’abaturage barenga 1,000, bagatangira gusarura mu mezi 3.
Muri iyi nkuru batakagije ibyiza bya « Chia Seeds »bavuga ibibaho n’ibitabaho, ndetse bifashisha abaturage barimo abavuze ko batangiye kubaka amazu no kugura inka babikesha iki gihingwa. Abo ni nka Muhawenimana Eugénie utuye mu Mudugudu wa Mashyoza, mu Kagari ka Rujambara, mu Murenge wa Rurenge, Muhayimana Landouald utuye mu Kagari ka Kigese, muri uyu Murenge, n’abandi benshi ndetse bihabwa umugisha na Vice-Mayor Mapambano Nyiridandi Cyriaque, w’Akarere ka Ngoma, wanemeje ko ababumbiwe muri Koperative ya “Chia” ku mwero umwe binjije miliyoni 420 FRW, maze abaturage si uguhurura baruta isoko n’amaduka, bose bishora mu buhinzi bw’iki gihigwa cyari cyabaryohanye. Ku rundi ruhande niko abagoronome bashyiragamo ubwenge buke bakagurisha imbuto ku bantu badafite amasezerano, umusaruro utangira kuborera mu bubiko, ibijya gucika bitangira guca amarenga, umusaruro ubura abaguzi. Nyuma y’uko umusaruro utangiye kubura ubuguzi kuko nta mafaranga ahagije yari yaratenganyijwe na «Akens and Kernels Ltd», iyi sosiyete yahise yiyambaza abambari ba FPR maze batangira gushoramo amafaranga, aho uwashoragamo 11,400,000 FRW yashoboraga kuyakuba kabiri mu kwezi kumwe, maze bihera mu baminisitiri, abadepite, abasirikare n’abapolisi, abacuruzi, n’abandi bifite batangira gushora ngo bagurire umusaruro abahinzi, ariko basanga nta mabwiriza abigenga ahari, ku wa 29/06/2022, Dr. Mukeshimana aba arayasinye, maze abantu bakomeza gushoramo kuko byasaga nk’aho bibaye ibya Leta.
Ku Itariki ya 02/08/2022, RBA yatangaje ko abahinzi ba « Chia Seeds » baberewemo na «Akens and Kernels Ltd» amafaranga arenga miliyari 1.1 FRW. Umuvugizi w’iyi sosiyete, Yves Ndayisenga yabwiye abanyamakuru ko abahinzi bitabiriye guhinga « Chia Seeds » ari benshi, harimo n’abadafite amasezerano, bituma umusaruro uba mwinshi kurenza uwo bari barateganyije kwishyura, ndetse yongeraho ko batinze kubona ibyangombwa byo kugurisha umusaruro bakusanyije ku masoko y’i Burayi, Aziya n’Amerika. Umuyobozi wungirije wari ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubuhinzi mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi RAB, Dr. Charles Bucagu yavuze ko Leta irimo gukora ibishoboka kugirango haboneke igisubizo cyafasha aba bahinzi kuva mu gihombo, ariko byari maze kurenga urwego kuko abaminisitiri batanu bari bamaze kwinjira mu kibazo. Dr.Bushagu nawe yirukaniwe rimwe na Dr. Mukeshimana wari boss we, ibyabo birangira bityo, ubu ejo tuzumva bagizwe ba Ambassadeurs cyangwa bagabiwe indi myanya. Kuko umusaruro wari wabaye mwinshi kandi sosiyete yari yaravuye i Burayi itarashobora kuwugura wose, no kuwugura bagomba gusaba ibyangombwa byo kuwujyana hanze mu bigo 5 (RAB, RDB, NAEB, RURA na RSB), kugura uw’abaturage byarahagaze, abamamyi batangira kuwugura ku mafaranga ari hagati ya 500 na 800 ku kilo, aho mbere babaheraga 3,000 FRW. «Akens and Kernels Ltd» yahise itangira gutwara umusaruro ku ideni, bituma abaturage bahinze na ba baherwe bashoye ayabo, bose batangira guhanga amaso MINAGRI. Nyuma y’amezi arenga atatu ho gato, indi nkuru yanditswe n’umuzindaro wa FPR, Igihe.com, yo ku wa 17/11/2022, yahawe umutwe ugira uti: «Ibitwenge by’abahinzi ba “Chia Seeds” byarangiriye mu marira», yavugaga ko iki gihingwa cyatangiye guhingwa ahagana mu 2018 mu Mirenge imwe n’imwe y’Akarere ka Ngoma, mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, umusaruro ukagurwa na «Akens and Kernels Ltd», ariko nyuma y’igihe batangiye kumwenyura. Nyamara bidatinze bariraga ayo kwarika, kuko umusaruro bagemuriye iyi sosiyete yananiwe kuwishyura, ndetse babuze aho berekeza uwo basaruye nyuma.
Umuhinzi umwe wo mu Murenge wa Rurenge yavuze ko aberewemo umwenda ugera ku bihumbi 880 FRW ku musaruro yatanze muri Gashyantare, mu gihe urenga toni waheze mu bubiko kubera kubura isoko. Mugenzi we wo mu Murenge wa Remera, wari wahinze hegitari ebyiri akaba atarishyurwa agera kuri miliyoni 3 FRW, yavuze ko byamugizeho ingaruka zikomeye zirimo kuba abana be barabuze amafaranga y’ishuri, kubura ubwishyu bw’inguzanyo yafashe mu matsinda no kwicwa n’inzara kuko ubutaka bwose yabuhinzeho « Chia Seeds », amaze kurandura indi myaka irimo urutoki n’ibindi yahingaga kuko yabonaga bitamuha inyungu.
Habiyakare Stanislas, uyobora Koperative ya « Chia Seeds » yavuze ko muri icyo gihembwe bagombaga kugurisha toni 450 zihwanye na 1,350,000,000 FRW, akiyongera ku mwenda wa miliyoni 248 FRW basanzwe baberewemo na «Akens and Kernels Ltd», avuga ko mu banyamuryango 558 abatarishyurwa na rimwe ari 195. Undi avuga imitungo yabo yatangiye gutezwa cyamunara, bakaba bari mu mazi abira, kuko babuze ubwishyu bw’inguzanyo bafashe, ingo zabo zarasenyutse, abandi barwaye indwara zo mu mutwe.
Perezida wa Komite y’abahinzi ba « Chia Seeds » ku rwego rw’igihugu, Nsengiyumva Emmy, yavuze ko mu biganiro by’ubuhuza bagiranye n’iyi sosiyete yabaguriraga umusaruro muri Nzeri 2022, yemeraga umwenda wa miliyari 13 FRW, kandi abahinzi bavugaga ko umwenda bari baberewemo wari umaze kurenga miliyari
21.5 FRW, ariko mbere y’uko Inama y’Igihugu y’Umushyikirano 2023 itangira ku wa 27/02/2023, «Akens and Kernels Ltd» yari ibereyemo abahinzi barenga 3,000 asaga miliyari 27 FRW. Kuri ubu ikibazo cyashinzwe abaminisitiri batanu bakuriwe na MINALOC bagahura n’inzego zose zirebwa n’icyo kibazo. Ariko nti ha handi Perezida Kagame yamaze gushwishuriza abashoyemo ayabo ko ntaho bazabariza na hamwe.
- Umwanzuro
Iyo urebye akamaro ka « Chia Seeds » mu mirire y’umuntu n’ubuzima muri rusange, ukarebe igiciro igurirwaho mu Burayi no muri Aziya kiri hagati y’amadolari y’Amerika 5 na 7, noneho wareba ko umuturage yahabwaga 3,000 FRW ku kilo, bikamushitura akabona isha itamba, agata n’urwo yari yambaye, usanga ari kanini cyane ariko FPR yabyize nabi kuko ijya kuzana «Akens and Kernels Ltd» ntiyari yize ikibuga neza. Iyo iza kuba yarize ikibuga neza yari kwibuka ko umuturage adakwiye kugura imbuto zo gutera ngo atange 90,000 FRW ku kilo kizatera 1 Ha y’ubutaka kandi mu by’ukuri hadakenewe 1 Kg, ahubwo umuhinzi akeneye 250 g yakwishyura 22,500 FRW cyangwa akazihererwa ubuntu akizishyura yaguriwe umusaruro. Kuba rero bitarakozwe ni ubugome FPR isanganywe bwo gukenesha no guhoza ku nkeke abaturage.
Perezida Kagame akwiye kwibuka ko ari we ubwe wazanye «Akens and Kernels Ltd» agashyira umupira hasi, akayifasha kubona ibyangombwa mu bigo bye, ikemererwa kujyana umusaruro wa « Chia Seeds » ku isoko, ikishyura abaturage baretse guhinga ibindi bagahinga ibyo bazaniwe na FPR biteguye kunguka, bakaba barimo kurira ayo kwarika kubera igihombo bashowemo. Iki gihombo se cyabazwa nde wundi?
Kwirukana abategetsi bo muri MINAGRI si umuti w’ikibazo kuko n’abandi bose bazaza nabo bazitwara nkabo. Abandi baminisitiri, abadepite, abasirikare n’abapolisi bashoye muri «Akens and Kernels Ltd» ni ibyabo bibareba, ntaho bihuriye no gukenesha umuturage, bazakemure ibyabo n’ubundi aho bahurira ntabwo umuturage aba ahari, ntakwiye rero kuzira aho inzovu ebyiri zarwaniye. Ni ibyo kwamaganwa na buri wese.
Remezo Rodriguez