Mugihe mu bihugu byinshi biyoborwa n’abaperezida cyangwa ba minisitiri w’intebe haba za komisiyo zigenga zishinzwe gutegura amatora kuyakoresha no gutangaza uwegukanye intsinzi, muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika iyo komisiyo ntayo bagira. Amatora yahoo akorwa mu buryo bwihariye, bikanyura mu nzira nyinshi kuburyo bisaba amezi 4 kugira ngo hamenyekane uwatsinze ku buryo budasubirwaho.
Mu matora yabaye mu mwaka w’2000 yari ahanganishije George W. Bush wari uhagarariye ishyaka ry’Abarepubulikani na Al Gore wari uhagarariye Abademukarate, hakurikijwe ibarura ry’amajwi itangazamakuru icyo gihe ryatangaje ko, umudemokarate Al Gore yatsinze amatora ariko Abarepubulikani bavuga ko bibwe amajwi mu ntara ya Frolida, bitabaza inkiko, birangira ibarura ry’amajwi risubiwemo maze George W. Bush yegukana instinzi aba ariwe uyobora Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. Muri uku Ugushyingo 2020, andi matora yateje impaka aho Donald Trump wahanganye ku ruhande rw’Abarepubulikani yavuze ko yibwe amajwi n’Abademokarate baserukiwe na Joe Biden, bikubitiraho ko Perezida Donald Trump asanzwe adacana uwaka n’ibitangazamakuru byinshi muri Amerika maze bivira hasi icyarimwe bitangaza ko Umudemocrate Joe Biden yatsinze amatora! Abakurikiranira ibintu hafi baravuga ko muri Amerika atari itangazamakuru ritangaza uwatowe.
Nkuko tubikesha urubuga “The conversation.com” Amy Dacey umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa ushinzwe politiki n’imirongo yayo muri Kaminuza y’America, (Executive Director of the Sine Institute of Policy and Politics, American University) yatangaje ko iyemezwa ry’umuperezida watorewe kuyobora Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bigirwamo uruhare n’inzego ziri mu byiciro 6: (1) Leta zose uko ari 50 wongeyeho District of Colombia, (2) Inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe wa Sena, (3) Inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe w’abadepite, (4) Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gushyingura inyandiko (National Archives), (5) Ibiro by’umwanditsi mukuru w’igihugu (Office of the Federal Register), (6) Inteko itora (Electoral College). Iyi nteko igenwa buri myaka ine hagendewe kubatuye buri leta muzigize Leta z’Ubumwe z’Amerika wongeyeho Disctict of Columbia, kugira ngo bazatore umukuru w’igihugu. Ikaba iba igizwe n’abantu 538. Umukandida ushyitsa amajwi 270 niwe wegukana intsinzi.
Ubu buryo bukoreshwa muri Amerika bumaze imyaka ishyika kuri 250 bukaba bwarashyizweho n’abashinze demokarasi y’Amerika batigeze bifuza ko Perezida w’Amerika yatorwa n’abaturage basanzwe gusa, icyakora nanone ubwo bubasha ntibabushyira mu maboko y’inteko ishinga amategeko imitwe yombi!
Itegeko nshinga rya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika riteganya ko itora rya perezida riba mu Ugushyingo kuwa kabiri w’icyumweru cya mbere buri myaka 4.
Seletifika yemeza abatoye (Certificate of Ascertainment).
Ku munsi w’itora muri Amerika (kuwa kabiri w’icyumweru cya mbere cy’Ugushyingo buri myaka 4), Abanyamerika ntibatora perezida, ahubwo batora inteko itora (Electoral College) igizwe n’abantu abaturage baba batumye kujya kubatorera perezida hakurikijwe abatuye buri Leta n’uko bahagarariwe mu nteko ishinga amategeko imitwe yombi. Kugira ngo byorohere abatora, ku rupapuro rw’itora haba hariho umukandida ku mwanya wa Perezida n’umukandida ku mwanya wa visi perezida ariko hakaba hariho n’amazina y’abagize inteko itora
Iyo abantu bose barangije gutora, ba Guverineri b’amaleta yose uko ari 50 bategura inyandiko yitwa “Certificate of Ascertainment”, akaba ari inyandiko yerekana abatoye bose n’abakandida batoye. Iyo iyo nyandiko imaze gutunganywa ishyikirizwa ushinzwe gushyingura (Archivist).
Iyo ibyo birangiye ya nteko itora ihurira mu murwa mukuru Washington D.C maze bagatora ku buryo mwemewe Perezida na Visi perezida. Ibyo biba kuwa mbere ukurikira uwa gatuta wa kabiri mu Ukuboza. (The first Monday after the second Wednesday in December). Uyu mwaka uwo munsi uzaba kuya 14 Ukuboza 2020.
Hakurikijwe imiterere y’amaleta, buri nteko itora itegura seretifika 6 z’itora (Certificates of Vote), maze zikohererezwa hifashishijwe email zabugenewe imwe kwa perezida wa Sena, indi k’umuyobozi ushinzwe gushyingura inyandiko, izinde 4 zisigaye zikohererezwa abandi bayobozi bakuru (state officials).
Kuya 06 Mutarama, Abadepite n’Abasenateri barahura kugira ngo babare amajwi banemeze uwatsinze amatora ya Perezida wa Repuburika ku buryo budasubirwaho.
Nubwo itangazamakuru ryatangaje ko Joe Biden ariwe watsinze amatora yemwe nawe agasa n’uvuga ijambo nk’uwatsinze, ibihugu bitandukanye n’abantu kugiti cyabo bakamukeza, uru rukurikirane rw’imigenzo igomba kubahirizwa mu matora y’umukuru w’igihuga cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika igihe itararangira ntawavuga ko umukandida runaka ariwe wegukanye intsinzi ku buryo budashidikanywaho. Itariki ya 06 Mutarama mu by’ukuri niyo izamara impaka!
Ikirenze ibyo Perezida Donald Trump yakomeje kuvuga ko yibwe amajwi ndetse abamuburanira bakaba baritabaje inkiko. Leta ya Georgia ibyibwirije yahisemo gusubira mu ibarura ry’amajwi yongera kubara bundi bushya.
Ntibyatangaza tugize dutya tukazinduka twumva ko Perezida Donald Trump ariwe wegukanye intsinzi y’amatora y’uyu mwaka! Abakeje Joe Biden bayitara muki? Aho ntibafatwa nk’ababyinnye mbere y’umuziki? Tubitege amaso.
Cassien Ntamuhanga.