Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Muri iyi minsi tugenda tubona imibanire y’u Rwanda na Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (USA) ndetse n’imibanire yarwo n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN) igenda irushaho kumera nabi. Nyamara mbere siko byahoze. Nta wuyobewe ko USA zifite ijambo rikomeye muri UN. Tuzi kandi ko kubera ikinyoma cya Kagame yokeje igitutu USA na UN, mu 1994-1995, ibashinja kuba ntacyo bakoze ngo bahagarike jenoside, nyamara akibagirwa ko yari mu bayiteguye ndetse agakoma imbarutso, Abanyarwanda bakamarana.
Tuzi ukuntu mu 1995 Kagame yagiye kwiriza muri Pentagon ya USA asaba gukurikirana abo yashinjaga jenoside bari bahungiye mu cyitwaga Zaïre, agasaba ko bakwigizwa kure y’imipaka, Abanyamerika bakabimwemerera basa n’abigura, ariko yagerayo akabatsemba, akagerekaho kwica Abanyekongo batagira ingano, ndetse akabigira akamenyero, akinjira muri iki gihugu uko ashaka, agasohoka uko ushaka, kugeza ubwo amaraporo atandukanye amaze kwemeza ko abarenga miliyoni 5.4 bamaze kugwa muri izi mvururu, kandi nta wundi uri inyuma yazo uretse Kagame n’ingabo ze.
Kuva icyo gihe kugeza uyu munsi amaraporo atandukanye yarakozwe kugeza ubwo ibikarito byuzuye, zirasomwa, ariko USA na UN bararuca bararumira, bisa nk’aho nta cyabaye. USA yakomeje gufasha u Rwanda ndetse inkunga zigenda ziyongera uko imyaka itashye, ariko kubera inyungu Amerika yari ifite muri aka Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, bisa nk’aho babonyemo Kagame igikoresho cyiza cyo kubageza ku mutungo kamere wa Congo. Ese ko tubona umubano urushaho kuzahara imvano ni iyihe? Ese amaraporo yose akorwa ku bwicanyi bwa FPR muri aka karere arangirira he? Ese ko FPR ikomeza gukora amabi bayirebera amaherezo ni ayahe?
Ibi bibazo ndetse n’ibindi nibyo byatumye, tubakorera ubusesenguzi kugira ngo turebere hamwe ikihishe inyuma y’ibi byose, dore ko muri iyi minsi nta kindi kivugwa uretse “Update Confidential Report”.
Iyi raporo iherutse gusohoka ifite ibimenyetso simusiga ko u Rwanda rwifatanyije na M23 mu gutera igihugu cya Congo. Ibi byashyize Kagame mu bibazo bikomeye atangira kugongana n’Ubuyobozi bwa RDCongo, yewe n’ibindi bihugu hamwe na UN idahwema gukora mwene izi raporo.
Umunyamabanga mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’amahanga wa USA, Antony Blinken avuye mu Rwanda, twiboneye ubushyamirane yagiranye na Leta ya Kagame, nyuma y’uko bamuteze imitego, yose akayisimbuka, kugeza n’aho ahitamo kugera i Kigali mu rukerera kugira ngo yirinde umuvundo yari gutezwa n’imyigaragambyo yari yateguwe yitirirwa abarokotse ibitero by’i Nyabimata, ndetse akabasha kwigobotora imitego yari yatezwe hifashishijwe itangazamakuru, ibyo yanditse ku rwibutso FPR itashakaga, dore ko yashakaga ko avuga ko ari “Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ”, nyamara USA izi neza ko hari n’abandi benshi bapfuye batari Abatutsi, n’ibindi n’ibindi.
Mu by’ukuri, raporo zakozwe ku bwicanyi bwa FPR muri aka karere zuzuye ibikarito bipakiye muri caves za UN ndetse n’izo mu biro bya Antony Blinken, utibagiwe izo muri Pentagon. Nyamara yaba USA, yaba UN nta ngamba zifatwa kugira ngo Kagame afatirwe ibihano, ndetse abibazwe mu nkiko, kuko ari we soko ya byose.
Izi raporo kuva FPR yitwa FPR zarakozwe, zivuga ku bwicanyi yagiye ikorera n’ubu igikorera Abanyarwanda ndetse n’abanyamahanga. Dutekereza ko izi raporo zose abo zandikiwe bazisomye, ariko hagati aho twebwe nk’Abanyarwanda, ari nayo mpamvu turimo gukora ubu busesenguzi, dusanga izi raporo nta musaruro zitanga.
Nta kintu na kimwe cyakozwe kugira ngo FPR ihagarike ubwicanyi, nyamara yaba ari USA cyangwa UN, bose bafite igitsure kuri FPR. Iyo babishaka bakagira icyo bakora kuri ubu bwicanyi bwa FPR, buba bwarahagaze, Abanyarwanda n’akarere kose dufite amahoro. None uyu munsi raporo nshyashya iraje, n’ubwo itarasohoka, ariko twarayibonye. Ese Iyi raporo yanditswe mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Karindwi 2022, ivuga neza neza uruhare rwa FPR mu bwicanyi, ikitwa “Update Confidential Report”, wagereranya no gushyira ku gihe izindi zakozwe yo irazirusha iki?
Ese nayo ntigiye kuzuza ibikarito, naho Kagame akikomereza gahunda ye yo kwica no kurimbura? Ibimenyetso simusiga bigaragaza uruhare rwa RDF mu ntambara zo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo birusha iki ibyagiye bigaragara mu zindi raporo ko nazo zavugaga zitarya iminwa ubwicanyi FPR ikorera muri aka karere? Ese umwihariko iyi raporo ivuga uzahabwa agaciro n’abafata ibyemezo muri USA no muri UN?
- Inkomoko y’amakuru agera kuri USA no muri UN
Muri rusange amakuru y’ibibera mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari muri rusange no mu Rwanda by’umwihariko arazwi neza, haba muri USA, haba no muri UN. Nta gishya na kimwe gihari, ahubwo ikibazwa ni icyo ibi bihangange bikoresha aya makuru. Ku birebana na USA ntidukwiye kubirebera gusa muri za raporo zasohotse, hari n’ibindi byinshi cyane biba byabaye, umunsi ku munsi, kugira ngo amakuru abagereho.
Turabizi neza cyane ko Abanyamerika bafite ambassades zibahagarariye muri aka karere. Izi ambassades zose zitanga amakuru nibura inshuro ebyiri ku munsi. Dufashe urugero, amakuru yabereye i Kigali Ambassade ya USA mu Rwanda ihita iyamenyesha uzihagarariye muri UN. Aya makuru agira icyo bita “immediate effect”, ni ukuvuga ko bagomba kubimubwira ako kanya. Ariko babibwira n’abandi bahagarariye USA i Bruxelles, i Paris, i Bujumbura, i Dar-Es-Salaam, i Naïrobi, i Kampala, i Kinshasa, i Yaounde n’i Addis-Abeba.
USA ifite kandi ibiro biri muri Department of State bishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu, batanga buri gihe raporo ivuga uko uburenganzira bwa muntu buhagaze mu Rwanda, kuva rwabona ubwigenge mu 1962. Hakaba na raporo ibi biro byohereza muri Department of Defense, bigasuzumwa na CIA.
Ubu buryo butatu bwo kubona amakuru y’u Rwanda kuri USA bituma buri makuru agezweho, aba azwi neza ndetse yasesenguwe neza ku buryo nta kibacika. Nicyo kimwe no muri UN, kuko hariho Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe Amahoro ku Isi cyangwa Security Council. Hashyizweho kandi itsinda ry’impuguke za UN, ryashyizweho n’umwanzuro (résolution) No 1533 cyo mu 2004. Kuva iri tsinda ryajyaho rimaze kongerwa mandat inshuro 14, rikaba rimaze gutanga raporo inshuro 36. Iri tsinda ritanga raporo y’igicagate mu kwezi kwa 12, na raporo irangiza batanga mu kwezi kwa 6 kwa buri mwaka.
- Isano hagati ya raporo y’impunguke ya 2012 n’iya 2022
Raporo y’itsinda ry’impuguke muri uyu mwaka wa 2022 irimo ibice bibiri. Hari raporo nini ifite amapages 301, ariko hari n’indi nto bise update yo mu kwezi kwa 7, igizwe n’amapages 30. N’ubwo raporo iheruka yamenyekanye mu kwezi kwa 7, yari yasohotse ku itariki ya 14/06/2022. Muri iyi raporo nto y’amapages 30, impuguke za UN zivuga ko zifite ibyo bita “Solid Evidences”, wakwita ibimenyetso simusiga by’uko ingabo z’u Rwanda, RDF, ziri muri Congo. Gusa ntaho itaniye na gato n’indi yigeze gusohoka mu 2012, yari “Addendum” yasohotse ku itariki ya 27/06/2012, uretse ko yo yari ifite amapages 48. Naho mu gika cya kane bavugaga ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari muri Congo, kandi ko zafashaga M23 gushakisha abasirikare, zikabaha amasasu ndetse akaba ari nazo zitanga amabwiriza yo kuyobora imirwano, ibyo bita “Command and Control”.
Kubera iyi “Addendum” yo mu 2012, hatumiwe abatangabuhamya batandukanye muri Sub-committee kuri Africa, ku itariki ya 11/12/2002, kugira ngo bavuge icyo bazi ku byaberaga mu burasirazuba bwa RD Congo.
Muri iyi nama yari iyobowe n’umusenateri witwa Christopher H. Smith uhagarariye New Jersey muri Congress ya USA, harimo amabaruwa abiri abasenateri bandikiye Perezida Barrack Obama wariho icyo gihe, bamusaba gufatira ibihano u Rwanda, cyane cyane Minisitiri w’Ingabo wariho icyo gihe Gen. James Kabarebe. Mu busesenguzi twakoze, twasanze amagambo yakoreshejwe muri Addendum yo mu 2012 asa neza neza n’ayakoreshejwe muri Update Confidential Report yo muri uyu mwaka wa 2022, imyaka 10 irashize, ariko Kagame we ntarahinduka, aracyari umwicanyi ruharwa uhangayikishije akarere kose.
Nta kintu na kimwe kigeze kiva muri iyi nama yo mu 2012, kuko Barack Obama wari wandikiwe n’abasenateri bamusaba gufatira ibihano u Rwanda atigeze abikora, ndetse yigira nk’utarabisomye. Nyamara aba basenateri ntibasabiraga ibihano u Rwanda gusa, ahubwo babisabiraga n’abantu ku giti cyabo kuko babashinjaga gukora ibyaha bikorwa mu gihe cy’intambara mu burasirazuba bwa RD Congo.
Gusa haje kubaho icyiswe “Forces d’Intervention Brigade” cyari kiganjemo ingabo zo muri SADC cyane cyane Tanzania, Malawi n’Afurika y’Epfo, kugira ngo zijye kwirukana M23, Kagame arakomeza arasugira arasagamba, ntihagira ibihano bimufatirwa ndetse n’agatsiko kari kamukikije gakuriwe na James Kabarebe.
- Inshingano z’itsinda ry’impuguke za UN
Mu nshingano enye (4) z’itsinda ry’impuguke za UN harimo eshatu (3) z’ibanze ari zo : (1) Kureba niba ibihano byo kutinjiza intwaro byubahirizwa ; (2) Kureba niba hadakorwa ibyaha byo mu gihe cy’intambara ; no, (3) Kureba niba nta gusahura umutungo wa Congo bibaho. Iyo karangije imirimo yako gatanga raporo, ariko icyo zihuriyeho ni uko zirengagijwe haba ku ruhande rwa USA cyangwa ku rwa UN.
Izi nshingano zose zifite impamvu kuko ibibazo byose byo muri aka gace bituruka mu Rwanda, bikabona gukomeza bikajya muri Congo. Kuva mu 1996, nibwo UN yatangiye kureba kuri Congo cyane, ndetse ishyiraho intumwa yihariye, umunyamategeko Roberto Garretón, kugira ngo akurikirane ibyahaberaga, maze ajye atanga raporo kugira ngo hashakishwe ikindi cyakorwa.
Muri raporo No E/CN.4/2001/40, Garretón yatanze ku itariki ya 01/02/2001, yasobanuye ibibazo byo guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu muri RD Congo, ashingiye ku mwanzuro wa Komisiyo y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu No 2000/15, wongeraga mandat ye ho umwaka umwe. Mu mwanzuro w’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye No A/C/3/55/L.62, yasabwaga gutanga raporo muri 2001.
Mu mwanzuro wa Roberto Garretón, yavuze ko icyo gihe hari ubushyamirane bugera ku 9, bwagiye bugirwamo uruhare n’ingabo z’ibihugu 6 bitandukanye ndetse n’imitwe 21 yitwara gisirikare. Yagize ati : “Amakimbirane ahangayikishije cyane ni akomoka ku Rwanda”
Aha yari ashinje u Rwanda mu buryo bweruye, anibutsa ko umwanzuro w’Akanama k’umutekano No 1304 (2000), washinjaga u Rwanda na Uganda kuvogera ubusugire bwa RD Congo, yita ibi bihugu byombi ko byihuruje bitatumiwe muri icyo gihigu!
Muri iyi raporo, Roberto Garretón yagaragaje ko RCD ifashijwe n’u Rwanda yishe abaturage batagira kirengera (defenceless civilian populations), hakoreshejwe imihoro, ibyuma n’imbunda, bituma hapfa ibihumbi by’abantu, cyane cyane mu duce twa Ngenge, Kalehe, Kilambo, Katogota, Kamanyola, Lurbarika, Luberezi, Cidaho, Uvira, Shabunda, Lusenda-Lubumba, Lulingu, Butembo na Mwenga. Anavuga kandi ko abagore 15 bashyinguwe ari bazima nyuma yo kwicwa urubozo. Icyo gihe Congo yari igabanyijemo ibice 3: icyagenzurwaga na guverinoma, icyagenzurwaga na MLC ya Jean Pierre Bemba ndetse n’icyagenzurwaga na RCD yafashwaga mu buryo butaziguye (direct) n’u Rwanda.
Iyi raporo rero niyo yashingiweho hashyirwaho itsinda ry’impuguke zigizwe n’abahanga batandatu, buri wese akagira inshingano yihariye akurikirana muri za nshingano tumaze kuvuga, hanyuma bikazahurizwa hamwe, bagenda bongererwa mandat kugeza kuri Update Confidential Report baherutse kugeza ku gashami k’umuryango w’abibumbye k’umutekano (UN Security Council), ariko ikaba izasohorwa ku mugaragaro mu kwezi kwa 12 uyu mwaka.
- Ibivugwa n’abanditsi byunganira itsinda ry’impuguke za UN
Nk’uko twabivuze haruguru iri tsinda rimaze kongererwa mandat inshuro 14 zose. Bigaragara ko ryo ryujuje inshingano zaryo, ariko raporo 36 zose rimaze gutanga, zarabitswe, ntizagira inkurikizi kuri nyirabayazana w’ibi bibazo ari we Paul Kagame, ngo abe yafatirwa ibihano, byose birangirira mu gushyingura inyandiko.
Uretse n’izi nshingano, hari abanditsi benshi bagiye bandika ibitabo basobanura ibibazo bibera muri Congo, bakagaragaza ababifitemo inyungu, bakanerekana abadashaka ko bihagarara. Bose bahuriza kuri Kagame, bakemeza ko ari impamvu ihoraho ituma amahoro atagaruka muri RD Congo, ahanini abitewe no gusahura imitungo ya RD Congo, no gushaka kwiharira ijambo mu bihugu bigize aka karere.
Dufashe nk’urugero, igitabo cya Judi Rever cyo mu mwaka wa 2018, kivuga ibintu byinshi, kigasobanura urujya n’uruza rw’abantu bo mu nzego z’iperereza cyane cyane abo muri Amerika, Canada, mu Bufaransa n’ahandi henshi, baza muri Congo bakurikiranye inyungu zitandukanye, ariko zose zigahuriza ku busahuzi bubera muri RDC.
Mu busesenguzi bwacu, twasanze abantu badakwiye kureba ikintu kimwe, nk’uko uyu munsi havugwa Update Confidential Report, ahubwo bakwiye kwibaza aho bituruka n’icyabiteye. Gutekereza ko ibyo abanditsi bose bavuze byaciye inyuma y’amatwi ya USA na UN byaba ari ukwibeshya gukomeye.
- Habura iki ngo imyanzuro ya za raporo zitandukanye ishyirwe mu bikorwa?
Iyo ubajije abahanga mu mibanire y’ibihugu kuri izi raporo zivuga ku ihungabanywa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu bukorwa ku isi, bakubwira ko umwanzuro wa nyuma ufatirwa muri Pentagon. UN ni icyuka kiri aho gusa, ari nayo mpamvu hari ababona ko ikwiye no kuvaho. Kurebana nabi kw’Amerika n’ibindi bihugu by’ibihangange nk’Uburusiya cyangwa Ubushinwa nabyo bituma igenda biguru ntege kuko iba ikeka ko nifatira ibihano igihugu gihita kiyitera umugongo kikisangira abahanganye nayo. Kagame agakomeza akidegembya!
Ntabwo rero twaba twibeshye tuvuze ko ibi bihugu by’ibihangange bidashobora gushyira mu bikorwa imyanzuro iva muri za raporo zitandukanye, kuko ntaho iba ihuriye n’inyungu zabyo. Ikindi gituma imyanzuro itihuta cyangwa ikirengagizwa si uko ibibera muri aka gace bitazwi, ahubwo ni ukubyanga ku bushake.
Mu kwanzura ubu busesenguzi twavuga ko iyo urebye amaraporo akorwa buri gihe ariko akaba apakiye mu makarito, ukareba amakuru atangwa n’inzego z’ubutasi n’iz’iperereza z’ibihugu bikomeye, ukareba imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ikorera muri RD Congo, nayo ihora itanga raporo kandi zuzuye kuko ziba zivuga icyabaye, aho cyabereye n’isaha cyabereye kikiba ku buryo hatazamo kwibeshya, ukongeraho abanditsi badahwema kwandika ku bwicanyi, ubusambo n’ubusahuzi bya FPR, dusanga nta muntu n’umwe ku isi ukwiye kuvuga ko adafite amakuru ku bibera muri aka karere.
Ibihugu bikomeye birabizi ko imvano ya byose, umuzi w’ikibazo akaba na nyirabayazana byahamye ari Paul Kagame, icyo bakimubitsemo rero nicyo tutabashije gusesengura, tukaba duhariye buri wese ngo azisesengurire. Nyuma yo gusesengura, azabona ko kuba umubano wa Kagame na ba Mpatsibihugu ugenda uzamo agatotsi, ahanini ari ukubera kwishyira hejuru kwe agakomeza kwivanga mu ntambara za Congo, agashimuta, agafunga, akanica abo batavuga rumwe. Ibi rero nta handi biganisha uretse ku ihirima ry’ubutegetsi bwe, cyane cyane ko aba ba Mpatsibihugu bakoresha abanyagitugu imyaka 30, yarangira bakabajugunya nk’imbwa, none umunyagitugu w’i Kigali akaba abura iminsi itagera kuri 500 ngo ayuzuze.
Birakwiye ko twe nk’Abanyarwanda tuva mu mwijima, tukareka kugira ibyo twitega ku banyamahanga. Ubu busesenguzi bwadufashije kubona ko ntacyo abanyamahanga batazi ariko babyirengagiza babizi. Uyu munsi turavuga ibibera muri Congo, ariko unasubije amaso inyuma ugahera mu 1990 ku bwicanyi FPR yakoze mu Rwanda, si ukuvuga ko amahanga atabizi, hari amaraporo yakozwe atagira ingano, yagiye agaragaza imiterere ya FPR, ariko UN ntishaka kuyiryoza amabi yakoze aho yagiye inyura hose, ngo ishyikirizwe inkiko.
Ibi ni ibintu Abanyarwanda twese dukwiye kuzirikana, tukabyumva neza. Ntabwo amahanga ayobewe akababaro kacu, ariko nta na rimwe UN na USA ifitemo ijambo rinini, bigeze bayoberwa amakuru y’ubwicanyi bwa FPR. Aha rero ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane cyo kwibaza impamvu abanyamahanga batereranye u Rwanda, ahubwo ba Mpatsibihugu bakarenga bagaha FPR rugari, bagahumiriza ku byaha bifite gihamya, ubundi amahanga yose akwiye guhana yihanukiriye ahandi ku isi bikorerwa, ariko mu Rwanda byagera kuri FPR, bakaba ntacyo barakora kugeza ubu ngubu, nyamara bakirirwa basakuza ngo bakoze amaraporo !
Aya mahanga yose ahora ateza ubwega ngo « turabizi FPR irica », ariko imyaka 28 irihiritse nta kirakorwa. Ni ikibazo gikomeye, uyu munsi mu 2022, Abanyarwanda twagombye kubona, duhumutse neza, tukagira ibibazo twibaza, ariko cyane cyane tugashaka n’ibisubizo kuko igihe kimaze kuba kirekire turi mu gihirahiro, duhumye amaso, batubeshya ngo babirimo. Ubwo tumaze kumenya amakuru yose, nta kizatubuza kubikora !!!
Twiringiye twizeye ko umunsi umwe izi raporo zinyuranye zivuga ku bwicanyi bwa FPR mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari n’ahandi ku isi, igihe kizagera caves zigafunguka, ibikarito bikazamurwa, umwicanyi ruharwa agashyirwa ahamukwiriye. FPR wasahura wagira, wakwica abantu wabafunga, menya ko iminsi yawe isatira uwa nyuma.
FPR, UBWICANYI BWAWE BURAZWI KU ISI YOSE, GIRA WIGENDERE, NTITUZAGUKUMBURA !
Ahirwe Karoli