Yanditswe na Ahirwe Karoli
Ubutasi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika bwongeye kwemeza bidasubirwaho ko u Rwanda rufasha M23, ariko rukavuga ko imwe mu mpamvu ari uko Leta ya RDC yananiwe kurandura imitwe yitwaje intwaro. Ni ibigaragara muri raporo y’Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe Ubutasi (CIA) cyagejeje ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya kiriya gihugu ku wa Gatatu, tariki ya 08 Werurwe 2023.
Ni raporo y’amapaji 40 Ubutasi bw’Amerika bwakoze mu kugaragaza inkomoko y’ibibazo biri hirya no hino ku isi bibangamiye umutekano w’iki gihugu. Ivuga ku bibazo bibangamiye Amerika guhera mu bihugu bidana uwaka na yo nk’u Bushinwa, u Burusiya, Koreya ya Ruguru na Iran.
Iyi raporo kandi igaruka ku makimbirane agaruka mu bihugu byo hirya no hino ku isi, kugeza mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, ahakomeje kubera imirwano ishyamiranyije ingabo z’iki gihugu n’inyeshyamba zo mu mutwe wa M23. Uyu ni umutwe ubutegetsi bw’i Kinshasa buvuga ko uhabwa ubufasha n’u Rwanda, ibirego Kigali ikomeza guhakana, ariko ibihugu bitandukanye byanze kwemera uku guhakana, kuko kurimo kwivuguruza kwinshi.
Raporo ya CIA igaragaza ko kuba ubutegetsi bwa RDC bwarananiwe kurandura imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera ku butaka bwa kiriya gihugu u Rwanda ruvuga igamije kuruhungabanyiriza umutekano, biri mu bituma ruhitamo guha ubufasha M23, bugizwe n’ingabo n’ibikoresho.
Ibi ngo byiyongeraho ikibazo cy’abavuga Ikinyarwanda batuye muri RDC bakomeje kwibasirwa n’imvugo z’urwango ndetse n’Abanyarwanda bahaba bagakorerwa urugomo, nk’uko iyi raporo ibivuga. Iti : «Mu burasirazuba bwa RDC imirwano hagati y’igisirikare cya RDC ndetse n’umutwe ufashwa n’u Rwanda uzwi nka « March 23 » (M23), yagize uruhare mu gutuma habaho ukuva mu byabo kw’abantu gukomeye kuruta ahandi muri Afurika ».
Iyi raporo ikomeza igira iti : «U Rwanda rufite amateka maremare yo guhungabanya umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, kandi rubona kuba Kinshasa yarananiwe kurandura imitwe irurwanya nk’ikibazo ku mutekano warwo, imvugo z’urwango n’urugomo rwibasira Abanyarwanda mu Burasirazuba bikomeje kwiyongera.»
Birasa nk’aho CIA yaguye mu mutego w’ibivugwa n’u Rwanda rugaragaza ko impamvu umwuka mubi ukomeje kuba hagati yarwo na RDC, ariko icyiza iyi raporo yashyize ahagaragara n’uko yemeza ko CIA ibifite ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana ko ingabo z’u Rwanda ziri muri RDC zirwana ku ruhande rwa M23, ibintu u Rwanda rudakozwa, kuko ruhakana ko rutahafite ingabo, ariko imvugo za Perezida Kagame zikamutamaza.
Mu kwezi gushize, ubwo yakiraga ku meza abadipolomate n’abahagarariye imiryango mpuzamahanga mu Rwanda, Perezida Kagame yagaragaje ko mbere y’uko hari abavuga ko u Rwanda ruri muri Congo bagomba kubanza kwibaza impamvu yatumye rujyayo. Icyo gihe yikije cyane ku mutwe wa FDLR umaze imyaka 30 ugambiriye guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda, ndetse ngo ukaba ukorana n’igisirikare cya Congo (FARDC) kugira ngo ubone ibikoresho byo gutera u Rwanda. Kagame yagize ati : « Baravuga ngo u Rwanda ruri mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo. Ikibazo kuri icyo, cyahoze kandi kizakomeza kuba : Ese ni ukubera iki u Rwanda rujya muri Congo ? Uramutse wumva impamvu yabyo, uburyo bwo kwigizayo u Rwanda, ni ugukemura icyo kibazo.». Yongeyeho ati : «Ni ukubera iki muri 2019 FDLR yishe abaturage bacu mu Kinigi? Ugomba kunsobanurira ibyo. Ntabwo ngusabye kuza kumfasha gukemura icyo kibazo, nibaza ku mupaka tuzagikemura, mu bushobozi bwanjye nzakora ibishoboka byose kugira inkuru ya FDLR itazagarukira u Rwanda ukundi». Aha rero ntiyabashije guhakana ko RDF itari muri RDC ahubwo yashatse urwitwazo rwo kuvuga ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zagiye gufasha M23 kugira ngo rubone uko rukumira FDLR ariko siko ikibazo giteye. FDLR yavutse kubera ubushotoranyi bwa Kagame, ntashaka ko ivaho, kuko umutekano ubonetse ntiyabona uko asahura.
Mu gihe Kagame arwana no guhakana ko ingabo ze ziri mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, M23 afasha, yo yamaze kwiga andi mayeri yakoreshejwe na FPR-Inkotanyi ubwo yari ikiri mu ishyamba. Aya mayeri rero ni ugufata bamwe mu Bahutu ikabashyira mu bushorishori bwayo kugira ngo yerekane ko atari umutwe w’Abatutsi. Mu kwerekana ko aya mayeri ya FPR yamaze gucengera M23, Umujyanama wa Gen. Sultani Makenga uyobora abarwanyi ba M23, Bahati Erasto, yavuze ko uyu mutwe witwaje intwaro atari umutwe ugizwe n’Abatutsi bakomoka mu Rwanda nk’uko bamwe mu bategetsi bakuru ba RDC babivuga, atanga urugero ko Perezida w’uyu mutwe ari Bertrand Bisimwa ari umushi w’i Bukavu naho Benjamin Mbonimpa usanzwe ari Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa M23 akaba ari umuhutu w’i Rutshuru.
Ibi rero si bishya kuko na FPR-Inkotanyi ikiri mu ishyamba yari yarashyize mu bushorishori bwayo Abahutu bo kujijisha barimo Col. Alexis Kanyarengwe na Pasteur Bizimungu, ndetse na nyuma yo gufata igihugu bagiye bashyirwa mu myanya yo hejuru ariko mu by’ukuri ibyemezo byose byafatwaga na Kagame. Ubwo yasuraga abatuye mu gace ka Kibarizo muri Teritwari ya Masisi, kuri uyu wa 08/03/2023, Bahati Erasto yavuze ko kwita abarwanyi ba M23 Abatutsi b’Abanyarwanda ari ikinyoma kuko abayiyoboye bavukiye kandi bigira muri Congo. Ati: «Iyo bari kuvuga ngo M23 ni Abatutsi bakomoka mu Rwanda baba bababeshya. Mpereye kuri Gen. Makenga, uyu musirikare yavukiye mu gace ka Mpati, akurira i Nyanzale muri Rutshuru, yiga i Kanyati; hose ni muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Ubwo se abaye umunyarwanda ate?» Kuri Bisimwa, Bahati yagize ati: «Perezida wa M23 yitwa Bertrand Bisimwa. Ni umushi w’i Bukavu, niho yavukiye niho yakuriye ntabwo ari umunyarwanda. Na Secrétaire Exécutif wa M23 yitwa Benjamin Mponimpa, ni umuhutu wo muri Rutshuru. Iyo bababwira ngo mwitandukanye n’Abatutsi bakomoka mu Rwanda, baba babuze icyo bavuga».
Bahati Erasto amaze iminsi azenguruka mu bice M23 yafashe nka Kitshanga na Mweso, aganira n’abaturage, abacengezamo ibyo nawe yapakiwemo na FPR, kuko imvugo akoresha nizo nayo yakoreshaga muri za 1990-1994, ubwo yari ikiri mu ishyamba. Mu bindi yibandaho, harimo gukangurira urubyiruko kwinjira mu mutwe wa M23, aho kwiyandikisha mu ngabo za Congo, FARDC.
Izi ngendo rero Bahati Erasto arazikora agira ngo yigarure imitima y’abaturage, babone ko yaje kubacungura, bazayivugire neza kuko Intumwa z’Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN) gashinzwe umutekano zizasura RDC guhera kuri uyu Kane, tariki ya 9 kugeza ku Cyumweru, tariki ya 12/03/2023.
Misiyo ya UN muri RDC, MONUSCO, yatangaje ko impamvu nyamukuru y’uru ruzinduko ari ukugenzura uko umutekano uhagaze muri iki gihugu no gushyira mu bikorwa manda nshya y’iyi misiyo yemejwe tariki ya 20 Ukuboza 2022. Zirateganya guhura n’abayobozi batandukanye muri RDC barimo Perezida Félix-Antoine Tshisekedi, Minisitiri w’Intebe, abagize guverinoma, Perezida wa Sena, Perezida w’Abadepite, abanyapolitiki, abahagarariye sosiyete sivile, abadipolomate, MONUSCO n’abahagarariye UN. Uruzinduko rw’izi ntumwa ruzarangirira mu mujyi wa Goma, baganire n’abayobozi bo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, abahagarariye sosiyete sivile, abavuye mu byabo kubera umutekano muke ndetse n’abahagarariye inzego z’akarere RDC iherereyemo. Tariki ya 12 Werurwe, izi ntumwa zizagirana ikiganiro n’abanyamakuru, kizabera i Goma.
Mu kubitegura, Guverineri w’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, Lt. Gen. Constant Ndima, yahamagariye abaturage kwirinda kwibasira imitwe y’ingabo z’Akarere ka EAC. Iki cyifuzo gikubiye mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki ya 08 Werurwe 2023, rikaba ryarashyizweho umukono n’umuvugizi we, Lt. Col. Guillaume Ndjike Kaiko.
Nk’uko iri tangazo ribivuga, abasirikare b’Abanyakenya n’Abarundi bamaze koherezwa i Goma mu rwego rw’amasezerano y’Akarere yemewe na RDC, akaba yarateganyaga ko hagomba koherezwa ingabo za Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Sudani y’Amajyepfo na Tanzania, ariko Tanzania na Sudani y’Epfo babigendamo gahoro. Lt. Col. Ndjike ati : «Ingabo zinyuranye zoherejwe muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, mu rwego rw’Ingabo z’Akarere ka EAC, zihari mu gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’i Luanda, ibiganiro bya Nairobi na Addis Abeba, byasinywe n’abakuru b’ibihugu bya EAC, igihugu cyacu kibarizwamo, hagamijwe gukemura mu mahoro, intambara y’ubushotoranyi ikomeje mu gihugu cyacu».
Ubuyobozi bw’Intara kandi nk’uko tubikesha Radio Okapi, bwasabye bushimitse abaturage kwirinda ibitero byakwibasira ingabo zinyuranye ziri mu mutwe wa EACRF, kugira ngo batagwa mu mitego itandukanye yashyizweho n’umwanzi. Izi ngamba rero Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru yazifashe kuko yari yatangiye kubona u Rwanda rugamije kugumura abaturage kugira ngo bazereke Intumwa za UN ko abayobozi ba RDC badashoboye, ndetse ko badashyigikiye amasezerano n’ibiganiro byashyizeho ingabo za EACRF.
Urugero ni uko kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki ya 08/03/2023, ubwo mu Mujyi wa Goma hatangizwaga ibikorwa by’ukwezi bijyanye n’uburenganzira bw’umugore, hagaragaye itsinda ry’abagore ryigaragambije risaba ko Ingabo za EAC ziva ku butaka bwa Congo, ngo kubera ko zitagira uruhare mu guhagarika intambara ya M23. Ibi rero Ubuyobozi bw’Intara bwabiteye imboni, bubona ko harimo akaboko k’u Rwanda, bafata ingamba zikomeye zo guhosha imyigaragambyo aho yaturuka hose, kugira ngo itazabangamira uruzinduko rw’Intumwa za UN. Ntabwo ibitangazamakuru byandikirwa muri Congo byavuze niba hari abagore bafunzwe. N’ubwo bwose i Goma bakora uko bashoboye ngo umunsi wo kuri 12/03/2023 uzagende neza, i Masisi aho guhagarara, imirwano hagati ya M23/RDF na FARDC ikomeje guca ibintu. Imirwano yakomeje mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Kane, tariki ya 09/03/2023, hirengagizwa ubwumvikane bwo kuyihagarika bwemeranyijweho. Hashingiwe ku bwumvikane yagiranye na Perezida w’Angola, João Lourenço, usanzwe ari umuhuza washyizweho na AU, M23 yari yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko ihagaritse imirwano guhera ku wa Kabiri, tariki ya 07/03/2023, ariko byabaye ahubwo nko gukoza agati mu ntozi, kuko yarushijeho gukaza umurego.
Perezida wa M23, Bertrand Bisimwa yagize ati: «Ni ingenzi kumenya ko Leta ya Kinshasa yanze gutangaza ku mugaragaro ko ihagaritse imirwano. Impamvu yo kutabikora si ibanga, Kinshasa ntishaka amahoro.» Nyuma y’amasaha atanu M23 itangaje ko ihagaritse imirwano, Umuvugizi wa Guverineri w’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, Lt. Col. Guillaume Ndjike Kaiko, yatangaje ko uyu mutwe witwaje intwaro warashe ku birindiro bya FARDC muri Karuba, uva mu gace ka Kibirizi ugana Rwindi, uva no mu gace ka Mabenga ujya Rwindi. Bivuze ko M23 yahagaritse imirwano mu magambo gusa ahubwo irayikaza. Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 08/03/2023, imirwano yarakomeje hagati y’impande zombi muri ibi bice, by’umwihariko muri Karuba, kandi buri ruhande rwashinjaga urundi kuba gashorantambara. Ibi rero twe ni uburyo FPR-Inkotanyi yakoresheje ikiri mu ishyamba, mucyo yitaga « Fight and Talk ». Ubu bwari uburyo yarwanga yabona igiye kuneshwa igasaba imishyikirano, igasubira kwisuganya ikongera ikagaba ibitero.
Twe rero, nk’Abaryankuna biyemeje gukubitira ikinyoma ahakubuye, tubasezeranyije ko dukomeza kubibakurikiranira tukabagezaho amakuru atariho ivumbi, kuko noneho Abaryankuna bageze i Goma, bakaba babashije kwigabanya mu duce twa Sake, Karuba, Kibirizi, Rwindi, Mabenga, Kitshanga, Mweso, Kibarizo ya Masisi n’ahandi. Ubu rero nta rwitwazo tugifite rwo kubaha amakuru umunota ku munota, ayo twajyaga tubona tuyakuye mu bindi bitangazamakuru, rimwe na rimwe ugasanga avuguruzanya, rimwe M23 yirukanye FARDC mu gace aka kana, andi agahita avuga ngo FARDC yirukanye M23, ubundi bakitana bamwana ku washotoye undi, ubu noneho tuzajya tuba tuhibereye, dukubitire ikinyoma ahakubuye n’ahakoropye, tubabwire n’amazina y’abagize uruhare mu bugizi bwa nabi, aho bishoboka.
Ahirwe Karoli