Yanditswe na Nyangoga Hervé Oscar, Umusomyi w’Ijisho ry’Abaryankuna
Kuwa 22 gashyantare 2021, Ambasaderi Luca Attanasio wari uhagarariye ubutaliyani muri Rebubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo yiciwe hafi y’umugi wa Goma, Kivu y’amjyaruguru. Yari afite imyaka 43, yishwe ajyanye n’imodoka z’umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku biribwa PAM, muri gahunda yo gutanga ibiryo no gusura amashuli mu gace ka Rutshuru. Yicanywe n’umushoferi we Mustafa Baguma Milambo, nu murinzi we Vittorio Iacovacci. Uku kwicwa kwababaje benshi, kunavugwaho byinshi bitandukanye, ahani bitewe n’uwishwe uwo ariwe : Ambassaderi uhagarariye igihugu cy’uburayi. Muri iki cyegeranyo, haragaruka ku byavuzwe bitandukanye cyane cyane kw’isesengura ryakozwe n’ikigo nyigabitekerezo (think tank) cyitwa DESC -WONDO [1]
Umutekano muri Kivu y’amajyaruguru
Ubusanzwe, Kivu y’amajyaruguru imaze iminsi ivugwaho ubwicanyi bunyamaswa bukorerwa abaturage, cyane cyane mu karere karimo umugi wa Beni. Ubwo bwicanyi bukunze kugererekwa ku nyeshyamba zo muri Uganda zitwaza idini ya Islam zitwa ADF, nubwo bamwe bashidikanya ko ngabo zaba zigizwe n’abaganda. Kivu y’amajyaruguru kandi irangwamo imitwe myinshi y’inyeshyamba, imwe ikorana na leta ya Kongo, mu by’ukuri abasilikare ba Kongp n’indi ibarwanya. Mu mitwe ikunze kuvugwa harimo iya Maimai Nyatura, Maimai Manzembe, NDC Renové, M23 na FDLR.
N’akarere gukoreramo urugendo bisaba kugira ubwitonzi no kuba ufite umutekano uhagije cyane cyane iyo umuntu ari mu rwo rwego rw’ambassadeur. Nyamara agace yiciwemo kazwi nka 3 antennes kazwiho kuba karimo ibirindiro byinshi by’ingabo za Congo (FARDC). Ndetse hanagereye umupaka n’u Rwanda kandi kubera ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byombi, abasilikare b’u Rwanda bagiye bavugwa muri ako gace. Raporo y’impuguke za ONU yemeje ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda ziri muri Congo[2]. By’umwihariko muri Kivu y’amajyaruguru mu bice birimo aho Ambassaderi Attanasio yiciwe. Umuntu yakwibutsa ko akanama k’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano (Conseil de securité) kashyizeho ingamba n’ibihano bigamije gukumira ingabo z’ibindi bihugu muri Congo, n’ikomatanyirizwa (embargo) ku ntwaro cyane cyane ku mitwe y’inyeshyamba. Igihe cyose Congo RDC yashaka kugirana ubufatanye n’ikindi gihugu igomba kubanza kubimenyesha ako kanama. Nyamara izo mpuguke zasanze yaba u Rwanda cyangwa Congo ntawubahirije izo nshingano, bityo barenze ku mategeko ya ONU ateganya ibihano kuyarenzeho.
Uko Luca Attanasio yishwe.
Ambassaderi Atanassion yahagurutse i Kinshasa ku wa 19 Gashyantare 2021 yerekeza I Bukavu. Yagombaga kuhava yerekeza I Goma, bikaba byari bitaganyijwe ko agaruka I Kinshasa ku wa 24 Gashyantare. Ibi bikubiye mw’ibaruwa izwi muri diplomasi nka Note Verbale, Ambassade ya Italie yashyikirije ministeri ishinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga ya Congo ku wa 15 Gashyantare 2021. Impamvu y’urugendo byari kujya gusura abataliyani baba muri province zombi za Kivu.
Urugendo rwa Luca Attanasion I Bukavu no muri Kivu y’amajyepfo rwabaye nta nkomyi ku buryo yahavuye yerekeza I Goma. Ku munsi mubi wo ku wa 22 Gashyantare 2021, nk’uko byanditswe na BBC[3], Ambasaderi Atanassio n’abandi bari kumwe harimo abayobozi ba PAM bafashe imyanya mu modoka zigera kuri 6 bahaguruka I Goma berekeza muri Rutshuru hafi saa tatu n’igice za mu gitondo. Kw’isaha ya saa yine n’iminota 15, izo modoka zaguye mu gico cy’umutego (embuscade/ambush) ahitwa kanyamahoro, ku muhanda route nationale 2. Abateye bari nka 6 bafite imbunda 5 za AK47 (kalashinikov) n’umuhoro. Babanje kurasa byo gutera ubwoba kugirango imodoka zihagarare. Bategetse abazirimo kuvamo no kubakurikira ariko babanza kwica umushoferi (Mwilamba Mustafa). Kubera urusaku rw’imbunda, abarinzi ba Pariki ya Virunga n’abasilikare ba Congo, baratabaye bakurikira abo bagabye igitaro. Abo rero bateye nibwo barashe umurinzi wa ambassaderi ahita apfa, noneho bakomeretsa ambassaderi mu nda, byatumye yitaba Imana ageze mu bitaro. Ku bahamya bari aho, ni nk’aho umugambi w’abateye wari ugushimuta ambassaderi.
Luca Attanasio yaba yaraziraga iki
Ntawashidikanya ko abateye bakica Ambassaderi n’abari bamuherekeje, baje bazi icyo bashaka. Ndetse urebye usanga bari bazi n’imodoka yari arimo kuko imodoka ye n’iyikurikiye arizo zibasiriwe. Luca Attanasio yageze muri Congo muri 2017, nta kintu kindi yari kuzira uretse ikijyanye n’umwanya yari arimo. Umuntu yanakwibaza ko kuba ari umutaliyani, igihugu kidafitanye amateka ahambaye na Congo, bitaratumye adafata ingamba zihambaye z’umutekano kuko nyacyo yikangaga. Bitandukanye n’uko ba Ambassaderi b’ibihugu bikomeye nka USA, UK, France cyangwa bifitanye amateka nka Congo, nka Belgique bari kubikora. Ese uwateye ntiyaba yarabonye icyo cyuho mu mutekano w’ambassaderi akabigenderamo? Gusubiza icyo kibazo bisaba kumenya uwateye n’inyungu yaba abifitemo. Igitero kikimara kumenyekana n’urupfu rwa Ambasaderi, Gouvernement ya Congo, nta perereza na rimwe ikoze yahise isohora itangazo rivuga ko yishwe n’inyeshyamba za FDLR. Bitandukanye n’ibisanzwe ubutaliyani n’ibindi bihugu bikomeye nta gaciro kanini byahaye iryo tangazo, ahubwo byasabye ko ipereeza ricukumubuye rikorwa na ONU. Nyuma y’iminsi mikeya iryo tangazo ryanyomojwe n’irindi rya gouvernement ya Congo, naryo ryongera kunyomozwa. Uku guhuzagurika kukaba gutuma umuntu atatinda ku bitangazwa na gouvernement ya Congo, yanabanje guhakana ko itari izi ibyu urugendo rwa ambasaderi, kandi nyamara nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, yarabanje kubimenyesha Leta ya kongo. Mu kureba uwaba ari inyuma y’ubu bwicanyi n’inyungu yavanamo yabireba mu bice 3, FDLR, Ingabo za Congo n’imitwe y’inshyeshyamba, Ingabo z’u Rwanda.
FDLR ni yihe nyungu yavana mu kwica Ambasaderi Attanasio?
Mu buzima busanzwe, uretse wenda bitewe n’ubusazi, ubwicanyi buba bufite impamvu (mobile) yanaba inyungu bitewe n’uburyo n’aho bukorewe. Abakurikira bya hafi uko ingabo zihagaze muri Kivu y’amajyaruguru, bose bahuriza kukuvuga ko akarere ka 3 antennes I Kibumba kari muri zone irimo ingabo nyinshi za Congo, kakaba kari hafi y’umupaka n’u Rwanda. Nk’uko FDLR yabyivugiye inyomoza abayiregaga ubwicanyi bwa ambassaderi Attanasio, ibirindiro byayo biri kure yako gace. Ingabo z’u Rwanda ni za FARDC zimaze igihe zifatanya mu guhiga FDLR ndetse byakajije umurego kuva Felix Tshisekedi yagera ku butegetsi. Byaba ari nk’ubwiyahuzi FDLR yaba yarakoze kujya gukora ibikorwa mu karere karimo abayirwanya byaborohera kubafatirana. Ikindi uwateye bigaragara ko yari aziko ambasaderi arakora urugendo, azi n’amasaha ku buryo yateye agahita asubirayo adafashwe, atishwe. Ayo makuru y’ibanga cyangwa privilegiés biragoye ko FDLR yari kuyabona, ikanategura igitero ivuye kure. Abazi FDLR bavuga ko nta n’impamvu FDLR imeze n’aho igeze kubaho nk’umutwe witabara (survie) yari kwica ambassaderi w’umuzungu ndetse w’umutaliyani. Cyane cyane ko binyuze mu muryango wa Saint Egidio hari ibiganiro byigeze kuba muri Italie FDLR irimo, ku buryo itakwihirahira ngo ikore igikorwa nk’icyo.
FARDC n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba za Congo?
Gushyira hamwe Ingabo za FARDC n’imwe mitwe izirwanya ntabwo uri kuzisuzugura, n’uko ahubwo usanga ari abafatanyabikorwa cyane cyane mu karere ka kivu. Byavuzwe kenshi ko benshi mu ba jenerali FARDC bafite imitwe y’inyeshyamba ibakorera, ikaba ibafasha kubona indonke mu mabuye y’agaciro acukurwa aho ngaho. Birazwi ko benshi mu basilikare ba Congo badahembwa neza. Igisilikare cya FARDC usanga cyaracengewe kuko inyeshyamba nyinshi zagiye zinjizwamo, zigasohoka zikinjira. N’igisilikare kirimo akavuyo ku buryo bigoye ko operation yishe Ambasaderi Attanasion, iteguranywe ubuhanga itakorwa n’abasilikare nka FARDC. Ikindi nta nyungu abo basilikare bavanamo kuko ubutaliyani n’igihugu kidafite inyungu zihambaye muri Congo RDC, by’umwihariko muri Kivu ku buryo hari uwo mu ngabo za FARDC zabangamiye. Cyakora ntibyabuza uwagendera ku myitwarire y’ingabo za FARDC, akaziyitirira akaba yakora igikorwa kigayitse kuriya.
U Rwanda na RDF baba bafite uruhare?
Hagiye gushira imyaka 25, u Rwanda rurwana muri Congo, ku ngufu cg ku bufatanye na Congo RDC, hitwajwe kurwanya imitwe yitwa ko ihungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda. Harimo FDLR. Hakozwe ibikorwa byinshi bya gisilikare, operations Amani, Umoja, Sokola ariko ubona u Rwanda ruhora ruvuga imvugo 2 bitewe n’inyungu. Rimwe FDLR n’abayitirirwa baba batsinsuwe, bwacya ngo babangamiye u Rwanda. Benshi baracyuwe, banyuzwa za Mutobo, mu kubasubiza mu buzima busanzwe. Ariko byagaragaye ko hari abasubira muri Congo noneho bajyanywe n’u Rwanda. Mu mwaka wa 2019, u Rwanda rwashatse gusubira muri Congo ku mugaragaro. Binyuze mu buyobozi bwa FARDC, ingabo za Congo, hatangajwe ibikorwa bya gisilikare byagombaga guhuza Congo RDC, u Rwanda, u Burundi na Uganda. Gusa ibyo bihugu 2 byabiteye utwatsi. Birangira iyo operation itabaye. Mu rwego rwa politiki y’imbere muri Kongo Kinshasa, byari bigoye gutangaza ibikorwa bya gisilikare n’u Rwanda. Kuko ibisebe byatewe n’ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi bwakorewe miliyoni 8 z’abakongomani biracyari bibisi. Kandi byakozwe n’u Rwanda n’imitwe rwagiye rushyigikira. Luca Attanasio bivugwa ko yari umudiplomate ushyize imbere gufasha abantu bafite ibibazo (humanitaire). Ndetse akaba yaragiye asura kenshi hospital ya Panzi, akaba inshuti ya Dr Mukwege. Ntawashidikanya ko u Rwanda rwari ruzi neza ubwo bucuti. Kuba James Kabarebe yarateye ubwoba Dr Mukwege, nta cyatangaza ko batashakishije kumenya byinshi hagati y’aba bagabo bombi. Cyane cyane niba nta mabanga yamubukije. Iperereza rizakorwa rizasobanura niba iyi piste yaba ifite ireme cyangwa oya.
Nubwo u Rwanda rutagiye muri Congo ku butumire bweruye, bwagiyeyo by’ibanga gusa byaje kumenyekana bivuzwe muri rapport y’impuguke za ONU, kandi bikaba binyuranyije n’ibyo ONU yategetse. Hari abasanga u Rwanda rwaba rufite inyungu mu gukora igikorwa nka kiriya, kitirirwa FDLR cyangwa indi mitwe noneho, rukaba rwasaba ko rwakwemerewa gusubira muri Congo ku mugaragaro.
Icyumweru kimwe mbere y’uko Ambasaderi Attanasio yicwa hari harangiye inama I Kigali yahuje abashinzwe umutekano n’iperereza ba Congo RDC n’u Rwanda. Bemeje ko bagiye gukora ibikorwa bya gisilikare hamwe.
Umujyanama wa Président Tshisekedi, François Beya akaba yaratangaje amagambo yateje kwibaza byinshi. Yaragize ati “turi hano kugirango duhangare isi cyane cyane abo mu bihungu by’uburengerazuba batifuza ko u Rwanda na Congo bakorana” Nyuma y’iyicwa rya Ambasaderi na bagenzi be, benshi mu bayobozi ba Congo bamaganye ayo magambo. Harimo umuyobozi w’ishyaka rya Perezida Thisekedi, Jean Marc Kabund A Kabund wavuze ko ibyavuzwe na Francois Beya bigayitse kandi bitari ibitekerezo bya Tshisekedi. Byabaye ngombwa ko uwo mujyanama aganira n’abahagarariye ibihugu byabo Kinshasa, kugirango abasobanurire amagambo yavuze I Kigali.
Ingabo za Tanzania zishwe aka Luca Attanasio, rapport yabitswe mu kabati
Mu mwaka wa 2017, taliki ya 7 ukuboza, igitero simusiga cyagabwe ku ngabo za ONU ziri muri Congo zituruka muri Tanzania. Hakaba harishwe abasilikare 15 ba ONU baturuka muri Tanzania. Nk’uko tubikesha ikigo DESC Wondo, abakoze icyo gitero bari abasilikare b’umwuga baje bazi aho batera kandi babiteguye neza. Onu yashinze umurusiya Dmitry Titov gukora iperereza kuri ubwo bwicanyi[4]. Nk’uko DESC Wondo ibivuga, rapport yaba yarangiye ndetse ikaba itunga agatoki u Rwanda mu kugira uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi. Rapport nubwo yarangiye, ONU yanze kuyisohora kuko ishobora guteza umuriro hagati ya gouvernements zo mu karere ndetse bikaba byavana urujijo ku bitero byitirirwa ADF bikorerwa Beni. Kuba Ambasaderi wa Italie yarishwe, kandi Italie ikaba yarasabye ishikamye ko iperereza rya ONU ryimbitse rikorwa, bishobora kuzahindura umukino w’amakarita mu karere. Igihe cya za rapport zikorwa zikabikwa mu tubati cyaba kigiye kurangira. Ntawashidikanya ko Italie izarekera gusa iyicwa ry’uyihagarariye. N’ibihugu bikomeye bigomba gutanga umurongo kuko nta gikozwe, byaba ari nko kuvuga ko ba ambasaderi babo nta gaciro bafite.
Umwanzuro : Luca Attanasio na bagenzi be baragambaniwe.
Umupfakazi wa Luca Attanasio, Madamu Zakia Seddiki, ntiyaheranywe n’agahinda ngo arye indimi. Aherutse gutangaza ko umugabo we yagambaniwe agategwa umutego akicwa. Yaragize ati “nu bwa mbere umugabo wanjye yavuye Kinshasa atitwaje uburinzi bukomeye burimo intwaro. Twagiriye icyizere uriya muryango (PAM). Luca nta kabuza yagambaniwe n’umuntu ukora muri PAM wari uzi ko uburinzi n’umutekano we utari ujyanye n’aho yari agiye”[5]
Aya magambo y’akababaro akaba ahuye neza n’ibyo inzobere mu bibazo by’umutekano DESC Wondo bavuze, igikorwa cyateguranywe ubuhanga, gikorwa n’abazi akazi. Nk’uko byari byarakozwe hicwa abasilikare ba Tanzania. Umuntu yakwizera ko noneho iperereza rizatanga umusaruro, ubiri inyuma agahanwa bikomeye. Icyo umuntu yakwizera nuko iyicwa rya Ambasaderi Luca Attanasio, ryatuma ubundi bwicanyi bukorerwa buri munsi abaturage ba Congo I Beni bumenyekana, bukanahagwarika. Iruhuko ridashira kuri Ambasaderi Attanasio, abari bamuherekeje n’abaturage bicirwa Beni.
Nyangoga Hervé Oscar
[1] https://desc-wondo.org/lattaque-mortelle-du-convoi-de-lambassadeur-italien-en-rdc-a-qui-profite-le-crime-j-ziambi-jj-wondo/
[2] http://www.undocs.org/fr/S/2020/1283
[3] https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region-56167605
[4] https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2018-01-05/mr-dmitry-titov-russian-federation-lead-special
[5] https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20210227-mort-de-l-ambassadeur-italien-en-rdc-sa-veuve-%C3%A9voque-une-trahison